Bell test (Texas) · Go Syfert
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Bell test in Texas

35 Texas opinions name it 3 courts 1961–2020 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (23)

CaseFollowedCited
Tennant v. Peoria & Pekin Union Railway Co.green
scotus · 1944 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Co., 134 F.2d 860, 868 (7th Cir.1943), rev’d, 321 U.S. 29 , 64 S.Ct. 409 , 88 L.Ed. 520 (1944) (“This unreasonable inference, if accepted, to be of benefit to the plaintiff must be supplemented by the further inference, even more unreasonable, that the cause of the deceased’s injury, as he stood in this known place of danger with knowledge that the engine was shortly to be moved in his direction, was defendant’s failure to ring the bell as a warning.”) The Supreme Court reversed, concluding that the “[t]he ultimate inference that [the decedent] would not have been killed but for the failure to

2014Co., 134 F.2d 860, 868 (7th Cir.1943), rev’d, 321 U.S. 29 , 64 S.Ct. 409 , 88 L.Ed. 520 (1944) (“This unreasonable inference, if accepted, to be of benefit to the plaintiff must be supplemented by the further inference, even more unreasonable, that the cause of the deceased’s injury, as he stood in this known place of danger with knowledge that the engine was shortly to be moved in his direction, was defendant’s failure to ring the bell as a warning.”) The Supreme Court reversed, concluding that the “[t]he ultimate inference that [the decedent] would not have been killed but for the failure to

22
Tennant v. Peoria & Pekin Union Ry. Co.green
ca7 · 1943 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Co., 134 F.2d 860, 868 (7th Cir.1943), rev’d, 321 U.S. 29 , 64 S.Ct. 409 , 88 L.Ed. 520 (1944) (“This unreasonable inference, if accepted, to be of benefit to the plaintiff must be supplemented by the further inference, even more unreasonable, that the cause of the deceased’s injury, as he stood in this known place of danger with knowledge that the engine was shortly to be moved in his direction, was defendant’s failure to ring the bell as a warning.”) The Supreme Court reversed, concluding that the “[t]he ultimate inference that [the decedent] would not have been killed but for the failure to

2014Co., 134 F.2d 860, 868 (7th Cir. 1943), rev’d, 321 U.S. 29 , 64 S. Ct. 409 (1944) (“This unreasonable inference, if accepted, to be of benefit to the plaintiff must be supplemented by the further inference, even more unreasonable, that the cause of the deceased’s injury, as he stood in this known place of danger with knowledge that the engine was shortly to be moved in his direction, was defendant’s failure to ring the bell as a warning.”) The Supreme Court reversed, concluding that the “[t]he ultimate inference that [the decedent] would not have been killed but for the failure to warn him is

22
P. S. Jones & Co. v. Collinsgreen
tex · 1888 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009See Searcy v. Sagullo , 915 S.W.2d 595, 597 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1996, no writ) (citing Jones v. Collins , 70 Tex. 752 , 8 S.W. 681 (1888)); see also Tex. R.

2009See Searcy v. Sagullo , 915 S.W.2d 595, 597 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1996, no writ) (citing Jones v. Collins , 70 Tex. 752 , 8 S.W. 681 (1888)); see also Tex. R.

22
Searcy v. Sagullogreen
texapp · 1996 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009See Searcy v. Sagullo , 915 S.W.2d 595, 597 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1996, no writ) (citing Jones v. Collins , 70 Tex. 752 , 8 S.W. 681 (1888)); see also Tex. R.

2009See Searcy v. Sagullo, 915 S.W.2d 595, 597 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1996, no writ) (citing Jones v. Collins, 70 Tex. 752 , 8 S.W. 681 (1888)); see also Tex. R.

22
Blue v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2003 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See Blue, 125 S.W.3d at 499 .

2008See Blue , 125 S.W.3d at 499 .

22
Johnson v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2000 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See Johnson, 23 S.W.3d at 8 .

2008See Johnson , 23 S.W.3d at 8 .

22
In Re KBAgreen
texapp · 2004 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2002–2006
2 sentences

2006See In re K.B.A. , 145 S.W.3d 685 , 691 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 2004, no pet.).

2002See In re K.B.A. , 145 S.W.3d 685 , 691 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 2004, no pet.).

22
New York State Club Assn., Inc. v. City of New Yorkgreen
scotus · 1988 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
2 sentences

2001Finally, we note that while a statute may be found to be facially infirm on the ground of overbreadth in the context of speech protected by the First Amendment, see New York State Club Ass'n v. City of New York , 487 U.S. 1 , 11 (1988) (citing City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent , 466 U.S. 789 , 797-98 (1984)); Louisiana Debating and Literary Ass'n v. City of New Orleans , 42 F.3d 1483 , 1492-93 (5th Cir. 1995), the overbreadth doctrine does not apply to commercial speech, see Bd. of Trs. v. Fox , 492 U.S. 469 , 481 (1989); Texans Against Censorship , 888 F. Supp. at 1368 ; se

2001Finally, we note that while a statute may be found to be facially infirm on the ground of overbreadth in the context of speech protected by the First Amendment, see New York State Club Ass'n v. City of New York , 487 U.S. 1 , 11 (1988) (citing City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent , 466 U.S. 789 , 797-98 (1984)); Louisiana Debating and Literary Ass'n v. City of New Orleans , 42 F.3d 1483 , 1492-93 (5th Cir. 1995), the overbreadth doctrine does not apply to commercial speech, see Bd. of Trs. v. Fox , 492 U.S. 469 , 481 (1989); Texans Against Censorship , 888 F. Supp. at 1368 ; se

12
Members of the City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincentgreen
scotus · 1984 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
2 sentences

2001Finally, we note that while a statute may be found to be facially infirm on the ground of overbreadth in the context of speech protected by the First Amendment, see New York State Club Ass'n v. City of New York , 487 U.S. 1 , 11 (1988) (citing City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent , 466 U.S. 789 , 797-98 (1984)); Louisiana Debating and Literary Ass'n v. City of New Orleans , 42 F.3d 1483 , 1492-93 (5th Cir. 1995), the overbreadth doctrine does not apply to commercial speech, see Bd. of Trs. v. Fox , 492 U.S. 469 , 481 (1989); Texans Against Censorship , 888 F. Supp. at 1368 ; se

2001Finally, we note that while a statute may be found to be facially infirm on the ground of overbreadth in the context of speech protected by the First Amendment, see New York State Club Ass'n v. City of New York , 487 U.S. 1 , 11 (1988) (citing City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent , 466 U.S. 789 , 797-98 (1984)); Louisiana Debating and Literary Ass'n v. City of New Orleans , 42 F.3d 1483 , 1492-93 (5th Cir. 1995), the overbreadth doctrine does not apply to commercial speech, see Bd. of Trs. v. Fox , 492 U.S. 469 , 481 (1989); Texans Against Censorship , 888 F. Supp. at 1368 ; se

12
Gilbert v. Stategreen
texapp · 1992 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020But, here, the State did not pursue an investigation or charge Bell in 2007. 12 evidence, absent bad faith, can create the cumulative effect of a denial of due process,” citing Gilbert v. State, 840 S.W.2d 138, 142 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1992, no pet.).

11
Light v. Stategreen
texapp · 1999 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
2 sentences

2018App. 2001) (referencing Light v. State, 993 S.W.2d 740, 747 (Tex. App.—Austin 1999), for “further discussion” of the statutory scheme); Light, 993 S.W.2d at 747 (“A careful reading shows that article 4.18 is expressly limited to situations where the juvenile court could not waive jurisdiction under section 8.07(a) of the Penal Code or did not waive jurisdiction under section 8.07(b) of the Penal Code . . . .”), vacated on other grounds, 15 S.W.3d 104 (Tex. Crim.

2018App. 2001) (referencing Light v. State, 993 S.W.2d 740, 747 (Tex. App.—Austin 1999), for “further discussion” of the statutory scheme); Light, 993 S.W.2d at 747 (“A careful reading shows that article 4.18 is expressly limited to situations where the juvenile court could not waive jurisdiction under section 8.07(a) of the Penal Code or did not waive jurisdiction under section 8.07(b) of the Penal Code . . . .”), vacated on other grounds, 15 S.W.3d 104 (Tex. Crim.

11
McKinny v. Stategreen
texapp · 2002 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
2 sentences

2010McKinny v. State, 76 S.W.3d 463, 473 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no pet.). -5- 04-09-00417-CR, 04-09-00418-CR, 04-09-00419-CR Here, Bell’s defense counsel had no opportunity to explain her reasons for not objecting, and the record is otherwise silent as to her possible strategies.

2010See McKinny, 76 S.W.3d at 473 .

11
Means v. Stategreen
texapp · 1998 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010Courts have concluded that we view a trial judge’s comments in context, and an appellant is not “free to dissect a trial record for words which may be rendered ambiguous when taken from their context and then use them, once removed from their context, to complain of error.” Powell , 252 S.W.3d at 746 (citing Means v. State , 955 S.W.2d 686, 692 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 1997, pet. ref’d)). [3] Bell suggests in his brief that we should consider whether the chain of custody of the evidence was proper.

11
Papke v. Stategreen
texapp · 1999 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
1 sentence

2008Papke v. State, 982 S.W.2d 464, 467 (Tex.App.-Austin 1998, pet. ref'd, untimely filed); see also Miller, 2004 WL 360286 , at *1.

11
McGee v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2003 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
11
General Motors Corp. v. Lawrencegreen
tex · 1983 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
11
Walker v. Packergreen
tex · 1992 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
11
Massachusetts v. Morashgreen
scotus · 1989 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Iron Workers Local v. Bowengreen
ca5 · 1980 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
cluster 424759green
ca3 · 1983 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Strickland v. Colemangreen
texapp · 1991 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Heckler v. Chaneygreen
scotus · 1984 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Dallas Railway & Terminal Co. v. Baileygreen
tex · 1952 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1963–1963
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (21)

CaseCitedYears
Rivera v. State green
texcrimapp · 2002
2 sentences

2011Article 64.03(b) provides that “[a] convicted person who pleaded guilty or nolo contendere in the case . . . may submit a motion under this chapter, and the convicting court is prohibited from finding that identity was not an issue in the case solely on the basis of that plea .” Id. art. 64.03(b) (emphasis added).

2011Article 64.03(b) provides that “[a] convicted person who pleaded guilty or nolo contendere in the case . . . may submit a motion under this chapter, and the 3 convicting court is prohibited from finding that identity was not an issue in the case solely on the basis of that plea.” Id. art. 64.03(b) (emphasis added).

22011–2011
Louisiana Debating and Literary Ass'n v. City of New Orleans green
ca5 · 1995
2 sentences

2001Finally, we note that while a statute may be found to be facially infirm on the ground of overbreadth in the context of speech protected by the First Amendment, see New York State Club Ass'n v. City of New York , 487 U.S. 1 , 11 (1988) (citing City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent , 466 U.S. 789 , 797-98 (1984)); Louisiana Debating and Literary Ass'n v. City of New Orleans , 42 F.3d 1483 , 1492-93 (5th Cir. 1995), the overbreadth doctrine does not apply to commercial speech, see Bd. of Trs. v. Fox , 492 U.S. 469 , 481 (1989); Texans Against Censorship , 888 F. Supp. at 1368 ; se

2001Finally, we note that while a statute may be found to be facially infirm on the ground of overbreadth in the context of speech protected by the First Amendment, see New York State Club Ass'n v. City of New York , 487 U.S. 1 , 11 (1988) (citing City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent , 466 U.S. 789 , 797-98 (1984)); Louisiana Debating and Literary Ass'n v. City of New Orleans , 42 F.3d 1483 , 1492-93 (5th Cir. 1995), the overbreadth doctrine does not apply to commercial speech, see Bd. of Trs. v. Fox , 492 U.S. 469 , 481 (1989); Texans Against Censorship , 888 F. Supp. at 1368 ; se

22001–2001
Board of Trustees of State Univ. of NY v. Fox green
scotus · 1989
2 sentences

2001Finally, we note that while a statute may be found to be facially infirm on the ground of overbreadth in the context of speech protected by the First Amendment, see New York State Club Ass'n v. City of New York , 487 U.S. 1 , 11 (1988) (citing City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent , 466 U.S. 789 , 797-98 (1984)); Louisiana Debating and Literary Ass'n v. City of New Orleans , 42 F.3d 1483 , 1492-93 (5th Cir. 1995), the overbreadth doctrine does not apply to commercial speech, see Bd. of Trs. v. Fox , 492 U.S. 469 , 481 (1989); Texans Against Censorship , 888 F. Supp. at 1368 ; se

2001Finally, we note that while a statute may be found to be facially infirm on the ground of overbreadth in the context of speech protected by the First Amendment, see New York State Club Ass'n v. City of New York , 487 U.S. 1 , 11 (1988) (citing City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent , 466 U.S. 789 , 797-98 (1984)); Louisiana Debating and Literary Ass'n v. City of New Orleans , 42 F.3d 1483 , 1492-93 (5th Cir. 1995), the overbreadth doctrine does not apply to commercial speech, see Bd. of Trs. v. Fox , 492 U.S. 469 , 481 (1989); Texans Against Censorship , 888 F. Supp. at 1368 ; se

22001–2001
Texans Against Censorship v. State Bar of Texas green
txed · 1995
2 sentences

2001Finally, we note that while a statute may be found to be facially infirm on the ground of overbreadth in the context of speech protected by the First Amendment, see New York State Club Ass'n v. City of New York , 487 U.S. 1 , 11 (1988) (citing City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent , 466 U.S. 789 , 797-98 (1984)); Louisiana Debating and Literary Ass'n v. City of New Orleans , 42 F.3d 1483 , 1492-93 (5th Cir. 1995), the overbreadth doctrine does not apply to commercial speech, see Bd. of Trs. v. Fox , 492 U.S. 469 , 481 (1989); Texans Against Censorship , 888 F. Supp. at 1368 ; se

2001Finally, we note that while a statute may be found to be facially infirm on the ground of overbreadth in the context of speech protected by the First Amendment, see New York State Club Ass'n v. City of New York , 487 U.S. 1 , 11 (1988) (citing City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent , 466 U.S. 789 , 797-98 (1984)); Louisiana Debating and Literary Ass'n v. City of New Orleans , 42 F.3d 1483 , 1492-93 (5th Cir. 1995), the overbreadth doctrine does not apply to commercial speech, see Bd. of Trs. v. Fox , 492 U.S. 469 , 481 (1989); Texans Against Censorship , 888 F. Supp. at 1368 ; se

22001–2001
Colyer, Wilkie Schell Jr. green
texcrimapp · 2014
1 sentence

2019Colyer, 428 S.W.3d at 122 .

12019–2019
Light v. State green
texcrimapp · 2000
1 sentence

2018App. 2001) (referencing Light v. State, 993 S.W.2d 740, 747 (Tex. App.—Austin 1999), for “further discussion” of the statutory scheme); Light, 993 S.W.2d at 747 (“A careful reading shows that article 4.18 is expressly limited to situations where the juvenile court could not waive jurisdiction under section 8.07(a) of the Penal Code or did not waive jurisdiction under section 8.07(b) of the Penal Code . . . .”), vacated on other grounds, 15 S.W.3d 104 (Tex. Crim.

12018–2018
Ex Parte Waggoner green
texcrimapp · 2001
1 sentence

2018Article 44.47 controls and provides us jurisdiction to hear Bell’s challenge. 5 See also Ex parte Waggoner, 61 S.W.3d 429 , 431 n.2, 432 (Tex. Crim.

12018–2018
Brady v. Maryland green
scotus · 1963
1 sentence

2018It was within the trial court’s discretion to credit the investigators’ testimony and find Bell’s statements were voluntarily given. 14 Also without merit is Bell’s claim that the trial court’s decision somehow violated Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963) (holding that due process requires the State to disclose to the defense evidence favorable to the accused).

12018–2018
Schneider National Carriers, Inc. v. Bates green
tex · 2004
1 sentence

2015Barbara Lewis, Bell’s manager of flight training since 2011, stated in an affidavit attached to Bell’s motion that 45 Id. (citation omitted). 46 Schneider, 147 S.W.3d at 270 . 47 Id. 48 Gilbert Wheeler, 449 S.W.3d at 480 . 22 Bell’s flight operations at the Practice Area have been consistent over the past 8 years.

12015–2015
Gilbert Wheeler, Inc. v. Enbridge Pipelines (East Texas), L.P. green
tex · 2014
2 sentences

2015Barbara Lewis, Bell’s manager of flight training since 2011, stated in an affidavit attached to Bell’s motion that 45 Id. (citation omitted). 46 Schneider, 147 S.W.3d at 270 . 47 Id. 48 Gilbert Wheeler, 449 S.W.3d at 480 . 22 Bell’s flight operations at the Practice Area have been consistent over the past 8 years.

2015Barbara Lewis, Bell’s manager of flight training since 2011, stated in an affidavit attached to Bell’s motion that 45 Id. (citation omitted). 46 Schneider, 147 S.W.3d at 270 . 47 Id. 48 Gilbert Wheeler, 449 S.W.3d at 480 . 22 Bell’s flight operations at the Practice Area have been consistent over the past 8 years.

12015–2015
Moses v. State green
texcrimapp · 2003
1 sentence

2013Id.

12013–2013
Miranda v. Arizona green
scotus · 1966
1 sentence

2012Bell appeals, asserting in four issues that (1) the district court erred in admitting ten of the State’s exhibits because they “are the products of the illegal search of Appellant’s apartment”; (2) the district court erred in admitting a manila envelope that “is covered with stickers which contain inadmissible hearsay”; (3) the district court “erred in admitting Appellant’s oral custodial statements” when “there was no evidence of Miranda warnings and Article 38.22 safeguards”;2 and (4) “the State knowingly used false or misleading evidence that Appellant had posted a $50,000 bond 30 minutes a

12012–2012
Powell v. State green
texapp · 2008
2 sentences

2010Powell , 252 S.W.3d at 745 . [2] In Bell’s brief, he portrays the trial judge’s statement out of context because the statement does not include the full admonishment from the trial judge.

2010Courts have concluded that we view a trial judge’s comments in context, and an appellant is not “free to dissect a trial record for words which may be rendered ambiguous when taken from their context and then use them, once removed from their context, to complain of error.” Powell , 252 S.W.3d at 746 (citing Means v. State , 955 S.W.2d 686, 692 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 1997, pet. ref’d)). [3] Bell suggests in his brief that we should consider whether the chain of custody of the evidence was proper.

12010–2010
Wyatt v. Shaw Plumbing Co. green
tex · 1988
1 sentence

2010Wyatt , 760 S.W.2d at 248 .

12010–2010
Nycal Corp. v. KPMG Peat Marwick LLP green
mass · 1998
2 sentences

2005Compass Bank v. King Griffin & Adamson, P.C., 2003 WL 22077721 , at *3 (N.D.Tex.2003)(£&ie Bell’s analysis was double speak because the court declined to adopt a foreseeability standard but then extended an accountant’s liability to those the accountant should know would rely upon the statements); Nycal Corp. v. KPMG Peat Marwick, L.L.P., 426 Mass. 491 , 688 N.E.2d 1368 , 1373 n. 5 (1998)(BZwe Bell’s expansive interpretation of Section 552 effectively eliminated all of the restrictions the Restatement sought to impose). 3 .

2005Compass Bank v. King Griffin & Adamson, P.C., 2003 WL 22077721 , at *3 (N.D.Tex.2003)(£&ie Bell’s analysis was double speak because the court declined to adopt a foreseeability standard but then extended an accountant’s liability to those the accountant should know would rely upon the statements); Nycal Corp. v. KPMG Peat Marwick, L.L.P., 426 Mass. 491 , 688 N.E.2d 1368 , 1373 n. 5 (1998)(BZwe Bell’s expansive interpretation of Section 552 effectively eliminated all of the restrictions the Restatement sought to impose). 3 .

12005–2005
Richey v. Brookshire Grocery Co. green
tex · 1997
1 sentence

2005Richey, 952 S.W.2d at 517 .

12005–2005
Bell v. State green
texcrimapp · 1985
11987–1987
Ex Parte Ybarra green
texcrimapp · 1982
11987–1987
Holland v. Nimitz green
· 1922
11963–1963
Dallas Railway & Terminal Co. v. Bailey green
tex · 1952
11963–1963
Whiteside v. Bell neutral
texapp · 1960
11961–1961

Where else courts name it

TX 35 (1961–2020) AL 34 (1992–2013) KY 23 (1840–2026) MS 17 (1993–2025) LA 16 (1980–2023) FL 16 (1974–2025) CA 15 (1931–2022) GA 14 (1992–2025) IL 13 (1978–2018) OH 12 (1997–2026) PA 10 (1986–2024) IN 9 (1990–2024) MO 8 (1963–2024) NY 7 (1982–2017) MD 6 (1994–2023) WI 5 (1984–2026) IA 5 (1985–2022) DC 4 (1986–1996) VA 4 (1996–2012) ID 4 (2013–2023) KS 4 (2008–2018) WA 4 (2013–2024) AR 4 (1996–2025) SC 3 (1996–2025) AZ 3 (1984–1997) NJ 3 (1977–2017) CO 2 (1996–2024) UT 2 (1989–1996) HI 2 (2018–2021) VT 2 (2009–2021) MA 2 (2002–2012) MT 2 (1978–1981) NM 2 (2010–2011) WY 2 (1985–1996)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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