belief error in Michigan

30 Michigan opinions name it 2 courts 1968–2015 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Michigan courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (7)

Case	Followed	Cited
People v. Liggettgreen mich · 1967 · cited in 9 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1968–1996 2 sentences 1996See People v. Liggett, 378 Mich. 706, 716, 717 [ 148 N.W.2d 784 ] (1967); Chapman v. California, supra ." 900 [ Robinson, 386 Mich. at 562-563 , 194 N.W.2d 709 .] This Court later unanimously applied the Robinson standard in a case with strong similarities to the instant case. 1996See People v. Liggett, 378 Mich. 706, 716, 717 [ 148 N.W.2d 784 ] (1967); Chapman v. California, supra ." 900 [ Robinson, 386 Mich. at 562-563 , 194 N.W.2d 709 .] This Court later unanimously applied the Robinson standard in a case with strong similarities to the instant case.	9	9
People v. Robinsongreen mich · 1972 · cited in 16 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1973–1996 2 sentences 1982First, is the error so offensive to the maintenance of a sound judicial process that it never can be regarded as harmless? * * * Second, if not so basic, can we declare a belief that the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt?” Robinson , p 563. 1982"First is the error so offensive to the maintenance of a sound judicial process that it never can be regarded as harmless? * * * Second, if not so basic, can we declare a belief that the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt?” People v Robinson, 386 Mich 551, 563 ; 194 NW2d 709 (1972).	6	16
People v. Wichmangreen michctapp · 1968 · cited in 4 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1974–1978 2 sentences 1978First, is the error so offensive to maintenance of a sound judicial process that it never can be regarded as harmless? * * * Second, if not so basic, can we declare a belief that the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt?’ "People v Mobley, 390 Mich 57, 65 ; 210 NW2d 327, 332 (1973), People v Robinson, 386 Mich 551, 563 ; 194 NW2d 709, 713 (1972), People v Wichman, 15 Mich App 110, 116 ; 166 NW2d 298, 302 (1968).” A review of the record discloses that this error was truly harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. 1978First, is the error so offensive to maintenance of a sound judicial process that it never can be regarded as harmless? * * * Second, if not so basic, can we declare a belief that the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt?’ "People v Mobley, 390 Mich 57, 65 ; 210 NW2d 327, 332 (1973), People v Robinson, 386 Mich 551, 563 ; 194 NW2d 709, 713 (1972), People v Wichman, 15 Mich App 110, 116 ; 166 NW2d 298, 302 (1968).” A review of the record discloses that this error was truly harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.	3	4
People v. Mobleygreen mich · 1973 · cited in 3 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1974–1987 2 sentences 1978First, is the error so offensive to maintenance of a sound judicial process that it never can be regarded as harmless? * * * Second, if not so basic, can we declare a belief that the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt?’ "People v Mobley, 390 Mich 57, 65 ; 210 NW2d 327, 332 (1973), People v Robinson, 386 Mich 551, 563 ; 194 NW2d 709, 713 (1972), People v Wichman, 15 Mich App 110, 116 ; 166 NW2d 298, 302 (1968).” A review of the record discloses that this error was truly harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. 1978First, is the error so offensive to maintenance of a sound judicial process that it never can be regarded as harmless? * * * Second, if not so basic, can we declare a belief that the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt?’ "People v Mobley, 390 Mich 57, 65 ; 210 NW2d 327, 332 (1973), People v Robinson, 386 Mich 551, 563 ; 194 NW2d 709, 713 (1972), People v Wichman, 15 Mich App 110, 116 ; 166 NW2d 298, 302 (1968).” A review of the record discloses that this error was truly harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.	2	3
People v. Swangreen michctapp · 1974 · cited in 3 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1976–1987 2 sentences 1987See People v Liggett, 378 Mich 706, 716, 717 [ 148 NW2d 784 (1967)]; Chapman v California, supra. As noted in People v Swan, 56 Mich App 22, 32 ; 223 NW2d 346 (1974), "[a]n error may be intolerably offensive ... if it deprives the defendant of a fundamental element of the adversary process . . . .” See People v Mobley, 390 Mich 57 ; 210 NW2d 327 (1973). 1987See People v Liggett, 378 Mich 706, 716, 717 [ 148 NW2d 784 (1967)]; Chapman v California, supra. As noted in People v Swan, 56 Mich App 22, 32 ; 223 NW2d 346 (1974), "[a]n error may be intolerably offensive ... if it deprives the defendant of a fundamental element of the adversary process . . . .” See People v Mobley, 390 Mich 57 ; 210 NW2d 327 (1973).	1	3
Saunders v. Peoplegreen mich · 1878 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1991–1991 2 sentences 1991We have refused to punish a criminal defendant because "it would seem to be the duty of [an officer of the law] to take such steps as would be likely to prevent the commission of the offense, and tend to the elevation and improvement of the would-be criminal, rather than to his farther debasement.” Saunders v People, 38 Mich 218, 222 (1878) (Marston, J., concurring). 1991We have refused to punish a criminal defendant because "it would seem to be the duty of [an officer of the law] to take such steps as would be likely to prevent the commission of the offense, and tend to the elevation and improvement of the would-be criminal, rather than to his farther debasement." Saunders v People, 38 Mich 218, 222 (1878) (MARSTON, J., concurring).	1	1
People v. Caffraygreen michctapp · 1975 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1977–1977 2 sentences 1977People v Caffray 62 Mich App 486, 493 ; 233 NW2d 625, 628 (1975). 1977People v Caffray 62 Mich App 486, 493 ; 233 NW2d 625, 628 (1975).	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Michigan. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (9)

Case	Cited	Years
Chapman v. California red scotus · 1967 2 sentences 1987See People v Liggett, 378 Mich 706, 716, 717 [ 148 NW2d 784 (1967)]; Chapman v California, supra. As noted in People v Swan, 56 Mich App 22, 32 ; 223 NW2d 346 (1974), "[a]n error may be intolerably offensive ... if it deprives the defendant of a fundamental element of the adversary process . . . .” See People v Mobley, 390 Mich 57 ; 210 NW2d 327 (1973). 1982See People v Liggett, 378 Mich 706, 716-717 ; 148 NW2d 784 (1967); Chapman v California, supra. ’ ” In this case it is beyond question that there was no miscarriage of justice.	2	1982–1987
In Re Contempt of Henry green michctapp · 2009 2 sentences 2015Chrysler contends the circuit court expressed a belief at the hearing that the air pollution control tax-exemption certificates could not be separated from the water pollution control tax-exemption certificates. “[A] court speaks through its written orders and judgments, not through its oral pronouncements.” In re Contempt of Henry, 282 Mich App 656, 678 ; 765 NW2d 44 (2009). 2015Chrysler contends the circuit court expressed a belief at the hearing that the air pollution control tax-exemption certificates could not be separated from the water pollution control tax-exemption certificates. “[A] court speaks through its written orders and judgments, not through its oral pronouncements.” In re Contempt of Henry, 282 Mich App 656, 678 ; 765 NW2d 44 (2009).	1	2015–2015
People v. Nixten green michctapp · 1987 2 sentences 1989People v Robinson, 386 Mich 551, 563 ; 194 NW2d 709 (1972); People v Nixten, 160 Mich App 203, 211 ; 408 NW2d 77 (1987). 1989People v Robinson, 386 Mich 551, 563 ; 194 NW2d 709 (1972); People v Nixten, 160 Mich App 203, 211 ; 408 NW2d 77 (1987).	1	1989–1989
People v. Stubl green michctapp · 1986 2 sentences 1988People v Stubl, 149 Mich App 42, 46-47 ; 385 NW2d 719 (1986), lv den 425 Mich 864 (1986). 1988People v Stubl, 149 Mich App 42, 46-47 ; 385 NW2d 719 (1986), lv den 425 Mich 864 (1986).	1	1988–1988
People v. Keen green mich · 1976 2 sentences 1978People v Keen, 396 Mich 573 ; 242 NW2d 405 (1976). 4 The question becomes whether the error was so offensive to the" maintenance of a sound judicial process that it never can be regarded harmless; and, if not so basic, whether we can declare a belief that the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. 1978People v Keen, 396 Mich 573 ; 242 NW2d 405 (1976). 4 The question becomes whether the error was so offensive to the" maintenance of a sound judicial process that it never can be regarded harmless; and, if not so basic, whether we can declare a belief that the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.	1	1978–1978
People v. Christensen green michctapp · 1975 2 sentences 1978People v Christensen, 64 Mich App 23, 33 ; 235 NW2d 50 (1975). 1978People v Christensen, 64 Mich App 23, 33 ; 235 NW2d 50 (1975).	1	1978–1978
People v. Lundberg green mich · 1961 2 sentences 1975See People v Liggett, 378 Mich 706, 716, 717 (1967); Chapman v California, supra. ’ ” People v Lundberg, 364 Mich 596 ; 111 NW2d 809 (1961), indicates the standard of review may vary for a nonjury trial. 1975See People v Liggett, 378 Mich 706, 716, 717 (1967); Chapman v California, supra. ’ ” People v Lundberg, 364 Mich 596 ; 111 NW2d 809 (1961), indicates the standard of review may vary for a nonjury trial.	1	1975–1975
People v. Shirk green mich · 1970 2 sentences 1973See People v. Liggett 66 (1967), 378 Mich 706, 716, 717 [ 148 NW2d 784 ]; Chapman v. California, supra.”’ For other analyses see People v Shirk, 383 Mich 180 ; 174 NW2d 772 (1970) and People v Rodgers, 388 Mich 513 ; 201 NW2d 621 (1972). 1973See People v. Liggett 66 (1967), 378 Mich 706, 716, 717 [ 148 NW2d 784 ]; Chapman v. California, supra.”’ For other analyses see People v Shirk, 383 Mich 180 ; 174 NW2d 772 (1970) and People v Rodgers, 388 Mich 513 ; 201 NW2d 621 (1972).	1	1973–1973
People v. Rodgers green mich · 1972 2 sentences 1973See People v. Liggett 66 (1967), 378 Mich 706, 716, 717 [ 148 NW2d 784 ]; Chapman v. California, supra.”’ For other analyses see People v Shirk, 383 Mich 180 ; 174 NW2d 772 (1970) and People v Rodgers, 388 Mich 513 ; 201 NW2d 621 (1972). 1973See People v. Liggett 66 (1967), 378 Mich 706, 716, 717 [ 148 NW2d 784 ]; Chapman v. California, supra.”’ For other analyses see People v Shirk, 383 Mich 180 ; 174 NW2d 772 (1970) and People v Rodgers, 388 Mich 513 ; 201 NW2d 621 (1972).	1	1973–1973

Statutes the citing opinions construe

MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 769.26 (9) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.316 (7) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.529 (4) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 767.40 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 768.29 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

OH 89 (1916–2026) LA 46 (1948–2023) CA 40 (1954–2026) MI 30 (1968–2015) NY 20 (1884–2023) NC 16 (1974–2024) PA 15 (1928–2015) TX 14 (1939–2012) MO 12 (1917–2019) CO 10 (1986–2012) VT 9 (2005–2023) MD 9 (1969–2019) IL 9 (1973–2025) TN 7 (1974–2016) OK 7 (1941–2006) ND 7 (1983–2013) NE 6 (1895–2023) IN 6 (1977–2001) KS 6 (1926–2006) OR 6 (1970–2019) WA 6 (1909–2026) FL 6 (1983–2022) UT 5 (1982–2021) AL 5 (1987–2018) ME 5 (1998–2022) CT 5 (1934–2022) MA 5 (1909–2024) AK 5 (1969–1994) MT 5 (1980–1982) VA 4 (1926–2022) WI 4 (1965–2024) KY 4 (1909–2019) IA 4 (1977–2011) MN 4 (1942–2011) WY 3 (1977–2019) NM 3 (2017–2023) NV 3 (2015–2015) AZ 3 (1973–1983) ID 2 (1990–2010) GA 2 (1994–2019) WV 2 (1919–1992)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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