belief error in North Carolina

16 North Carolina opinions name it 3 courts 1974–2024 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by North Carolina courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (8)

Case	Followed	Cited
Bryson v. Sullivangreen nc · 1992 · cited in 9 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1992–2017 2 sentences 2014“An inquiry is reasonable if ‘given the knowledge and information which can be imputed to a party, a reasonable person under the same or similar circumstances would have terminated his or her inquiry and formed the belief that the claim was warranted under existing law.’” Id. at 604 , 568 S.E.2d at 308 (citation omitted). {87} “[I]n determining whether a pleading was warranted by existing law at the time it was signed the court must look at the face of the pleading and must not read it in conjunction with responsive pleadings . . . .” Bryson v. Sullivan, 330 N.C. 644 , 656–57, 412 S.E.2d 327, 2014“An inquiry is reasonable if ‘given the knowledge and information which can be imputed to a party, a reasonable person under the same or similar circumstances would have terminated his or her inquiry and formed the belief that the claim was warranted under existing law.’” Id. at 604 , 568 S.E.2d at 308 (citation omitted). {87} “[I]n determining whether a pleading was warranted by existing law at the time it was signed the court must look at the face of the pleading and must not read it in conjunction with responsive pleadings . . . .” Bryson v. Sullivan, 330 N.C. 644 , 656–57, 412 S.E.2d 327,	7	9
State v. Heardgreen nc · 1974 · cited in 4 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2006–2024 2 sentences 2024Simply put, “[b]efore a court can find a Constitutional error to be harmless it must be able to declare a belief that such error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id. at 49–50 (quoting State v. Heard, 285 N.C. 167, 172 (1974)).2 Assuming that the harmless error standard applies to the DWI sentencing statute, the error in Mr. King’s case was not harmless. 2007Instead, the defendant must “bring forth facts contesting the omitted element,” and must have “raised evidence sufficient to support a contrary finding.” Id. at 49-50 , 638 S.E.2d at 458 (internal citations omitted); see also State v. Heard and Jones, 285 N.C. 167, 172 , 203 S.E.2d 826, 829 (1974) (“before a court can find a Constitutional error to be harmless it must be able to declare a belief that such error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt”).	4	4
Neder v. United Statesgreen scotus · 1999 · cited in 2 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006 2 sentences 2006Neder, 527 U.S. at 9 (internal quotation marks omitted); see N.C.G.S. § 15A-1443(b) (2005); State v. Heard, 285 N.C. 167 , 172, 203 S.E.2d 826 , 829 (1974) ("[B]efore a court can find a Constitutional error to be harmless it must be able to declare a belief that such error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt."). 2006Neder, 527 U.S. at 9 (internal quotation marks omitted); see N.C.G.S. § 15A-1443(b) (2005); State v. Heard, 285 N.C. 167, 172 , 203 S.E.2d 826, 829 (1974) (“[B]efore a court can find a Constitutional error to be harmless it must be able to declare a belief that such error *50 was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.”).	2	2
Static Control Components, Inc. v. Voglergreen ncctapp · 2002 · cited in 4 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2009–2015 2 sentences 2015“An inquiry is reasonable if ‘given the knowledge and information which can be imputed to a party, a reasonable person under the same or similar circumstances would have terminated his or her inquiry and formed the belief that the claim was warranted under existing law.’” Static Control Components, Inc., 152 N.C. 2014“An inquiry is reasonable if ‘given the knowledge and information which can be imputed to a party, a reasonable person under the same or similar circumstances would have terminated his or her inquiry and formed the belief that the claim was warranted under existing law.’” Id. at 604 , 568 S.E.2d at 308 (citation omitted). {87} “[I]n determining whether a pleading was warranted by existing law at the time it was signed the court must look at the face of the pleading and must not read it in conjunction with responsive pleadings . . . .” Bryson v. Sullivan, 330 N.C. 644 , 656–57, 412 S.E.2d 327,	1	4
State v. Blackwellgreen nc · 2006 · cited in 2 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2007–2024 2 sentences 2024Simply put, “[b]efore a court can find a Constitutional error to be harmless it must be able to declare a belief that such error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id. at 49–50 (quoting State v. Heard, 285 N.C. 167, 172 (1974)).2 Assuming that the harmless error standard applies to the DWI sentencing statute, the error in Mr. King’s case was not harmless. 2007Instead, the defendant must “bring forth facts contesting the omitted element,” and must have “raised evidence sufficient to support a contrary finding.” Id. at 49-50 , 638 S.E.2d at 458 (internal citations omitted); see also State v. Heard and Jones, 285 N.C. 167, 172 , 203 S.E.2d 826, 829 (1974) (“before a court can find a Constitutional error to be harmless it must be able to declare a belief that such error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt”).	1	2
Jerry Bayne, Inc. v. Skyland Industries, Inc.green ncctapp · 1992 · cited in 2 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1993–1998 2 sentences 1998Jerry Bayne, Inc. v. Skyland Industries, Inc., 108 N.C. 1993An attorney has satisfied the “reasonable inquiry” requirement if “ ‘a reasonable person under the same or similar circumstances would have terminated his or her inquiry and formed the belief that the claim was warranted under existing law ....”’ Jerry Bayne, Inc. v. Skyland Indus., Inc., 108 N.C.	1	2
State v. MacKgreen ncctapp · 1986 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024 1 sentence 2024Our courts have stated that “[i]mpaired driving is in and of itself reckless and dangerous.” State v. Mack, 81 N.C.	1	1
MacK v. Mooregreen ncctapp · 1992 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017 1 sentence 2017Bryson v. Sullivan, 330 N.C. 644 , 661–62, 412 S.E.2d 327, 336 (1992); see also Mack, 107 N.C.	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in North Carolina. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (11)

Case	Cited	Years
Harrington v. California red scotus · 1969 2 sentences 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 . 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 .	2	1974–1983
Fahy v. Connecticut green scotus · 1963 2 sentences 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 . 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 .	2	1974–1983
Chapman v. California red scotus · 1967 2 sentences 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 . 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 .	2	1974–1983
Schneble v. Florida green scotus · 1972 2 sentences 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 . 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 .	2	1974–1983
State v. Jones green nc · 1972 2 sentences 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 . 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 .	2	1974–1983
State v. Brinson green · 1970 2 sentences 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 . 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 .	2	1974–1983
State v. Swaney green nc · 1971 2 sentences 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 . 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 .	2	1974–1983
State v. Cox green nc · 1972 2 sentences 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 . 1983Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427 , 31 L.Ed. 2d 340 , 92 S.Ct. 1056 ; Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 284 , 89 S.Ct. 1726 ; Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705 , 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Fahy v. Connecticut, 375 U.S. 85 , 11 L.Ed. 2d 171 , 84 S.Ct. 229 ; State v. Cox and State v. Ward and State v. Gary, 281 N.C. 275 , 188 S.E. 2d 356 ; State v. Jones, 280 N.C. 322 , 185 S.E. 2d 858 ; State v. Swaney, 277 N.C. 602 , 178 S.E. 2d 399 ; State v. Brinson, 277 N.C. 286 , 177 S.E. 2d 398 .	2	1974–1983
Brown v. Hurley green ncctapp · 1996 1 sentence 2014A threshold determination for the Court is whether the pleading is “facially plausible.” If the pleading is not facially plausible, . . . the [C]ourt must ask whether the pleading party failed to “conduct reasonable inquiry into the law or did not reasonably believe that the [pleading] was warranted by existing law” or “a good faith argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law.” McKinnon, 2012 NCBC 36 ¶ at 39 (citations omitted). {88} Applying an objective standard, the Court’s analysis should take into account whether the pleading, motion, or other paper was filed for	1	2014–2014
McKinnon v. Cv Indus., Inc. green ncbizct · 2012 1 sentence 2014A threshold determination for the Court is whether the pleading is “facially plausible.” If the pleading is not facially plausible, . . . the [C]ourt must ask whether the pleading party failed to “conduct reasonable inquiry into the law or did not reasonably believe that the [pleading] was warranted by existing law” or “a good faith argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law.” McKinnon, 2012 NCBC 36 ¶ at 39 (citations omitted). {88} Applying an objective standard, the Court’s analysis should take into account whether the pleading, motion, or other paper was filed for	1	2014–2014
Jerry Bayne, Inc. v. Skyland Industries, Inc. neutral nc · 1993 2 sentences 1993App. 209, 214 , 423 S.E.2d 521, 523 (1992) (quoting Bryson v. Sullivan, 330 N.C. 644, 661-662 , 412 S.E.2d 327, 336 (1992)), aff’d, 333 N.C. 783 , 430 S.E.2d 266 (1993). 1993App. 209, 214 , 423 S.E.2d 521, 523 (1992) (quoting Bryson v. Sullivan, 330 N.C. 644, 661-662 , 412 S.E.2d 327, 336 (1992)), aff’d, 333 N.C. 783 , 430 S.E.2d 266 (1993).	1	1993–1993

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1A-1 (8) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.16 (4) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1443 (4) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 6-21.5 (4) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 75-1.1 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

OH 89 (1916–2026) LA 46 (1948–2023) CA 40 (1954–2026) MI 30 (1968–2015) NY 20 (1884–2023) NC 16 (1974–2024) PA 15 (1928–2015) TX 14 (1939–2012) MO 12 (1917–2019) CO 10 (1986–2012) VT 9 (2005–2023) MD 9 (1969–2019) IL 9 (1973–2025) TN 7 (1974–2016) OK 7 (1941–2006) ND 7 (1983–2013) NE 6 (1895–2023) IN 6 (1977–2001) KS 6 (1926–2006) OR 6 (1970–2019) WA 6 (1909–2026) FL 6 (1983–2022) UT 5 (1982–2021) AL 5 (1987–2018) ME 5 (1998–2022) CT 5 (1934–2022) MA 5 (1909–2024) AK 5 (1969–1994) MT 5 (1980–1982) VA 4 (1926–2022) WI 4 (1965–2024) KY 4 (1909–2019) IA 4 (1977–2011) MN 4 (1942–2011) WY 3 (1977–2019) NM 3 (2017–2023) NV 3 (2015–2015) AZ 3 (1973–1983) ID 2 (1990–2010) GA 2 (1994–2019) WV 2 (1919–1992)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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