Scott motion (Georgia) · Go Syfert
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Scott motion in Georgia

19 Georgia opinions name it 2 courts 1982–2026 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Georgia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (32)

CaseFollowedCited
State v. Lowegreen
gactapp · 1997 · cited in 2 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012See Grizzle v. State, 310 Ga. App. 577, 579 (1) ( 713 SE2d 701 ) (2011); State v. Lowe, 224 Ga. App. 228, 229 ( 480 SE2d 611 ) (1997).

2012See Grizzle v. State, 310 Ga. App. 577, 579 (1) ( 713 SE2d 701 ) (2011); State v. Lowe, 224 Ga. App. 228, 229 ( 480 SE2d 611 ) (1997).

22
Carlisle v. Stategreen
gactapp · 2006 · cited in 2 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012See Carlisle, 278 Ga. App. at 530 ; King, 237 Ga. App. at 730 (1).

2012See Carlisle, 278 Ga. App. at 530 ; King, 237 Ga. App. at 730 (1). police did not cause the car to be abandoned where it was, on private mall property. 5 We are bound to accept the trial court’s findings on questions of fact and credibility unless they are clearly erroneous.

22
State v. Kinggreen
gactapp · 1999 · cited in 2 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012See Carlisle, 278 Ga. App. at 530 ; King, 237 Ga. App. at 730 (1).

2012See Carlisle, 278 Ga. App. at 530 ; King, 237 Ga. App. at 730 (1). police did not cause the car to be abandoned where it was, on private mall property. 5 We are bound to accept the trial court’s findings on questions of fact and credibility unless they are clearly erroneous.

22
Grizzle v. Stategreen
gactapp · 2011 · cited in 2 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012See Grizzle v. State, 310 Ga. App. 577, 579 (1) ( 713 SE2d 701 ) (2011); State v. Lowe, 224 Ga. App. 228, 229 ( 480 SE2d 611 ) (1997).

2012See Grizzle v. State, 310 Ga. App. 577, 579 (1) ( 713 SE2d 701 ) (2011); State v. Lowe, 224 Ga. App. 228, 229 ( 480 SE2d 611 ) (1997).

22
JACKSON v. THE STATE (Two Cases)green
ga · 2024 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026Because Scott did not object to the absence of a jury charge on lawful act involuntary manslaughter, his claim related to that charge is reviewed only for plain error. 10 See Jackson v. State, 318 Ga. 393, 406 (2024).

11
Harris v. Stategreen
ga · 2018 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025See Reddick, 321 Ga. at 87 n.9 (noting that “although the ‘credibility of a witness shall be a matter to be determined by the trier of fact,’ OCGA § 24-6-620, a witness’s statement that does not directly address the credibility of another witness is not improper”) (emphasis in original); Harris v. State, 304 Ga. 652, 657 (821 SE2d 346) (2018) (holding that, because a detective did not directly comment on a witness’s veracity, the detective did not improperly comment on the credibility of the witness).

2025See Reddick, 321 Ga. at 87 n.9 (noting that “although the ‘credibility of a witness shall be a matter to be determined by the trier of fact,’ OCGA § 24-6-620, a witness’s statement that does not directly address the credibility of another witness is not improper”) (emphasis in original); Harris v. State, 304 Ga. 652, 657 (821 SE2d 346) (2018) (holding that, because a detective did not directly comment on a witness’s veracity, the detective did not improperly comment on the credibility of the witness).

11
United States v. Schmitzgreen
ca11 · 2011 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025Moreover, and contrary to Scott’s claim, the State’s reformulated question did not put Scott in the “‘no-win’ situation” described in Schmitz of choosing between either undermining his own testimony “or essentially accus[ing] another witness of being a ‘liar.’” Schmitz, 634 F3d at 1269.

2025Moreover, and contrary to Scott’s claim, the State’s reformulated question did not put Scott in the “‘no-win’ situation” described in Schmitz of choosing between either undermining his own testimony “‘or essentially accus[ing] another witness of being a ‘liar.’” Schmitz, 634 F3d at 1269 .

11
Jones v. Stategreen
ga · 2016 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025Notably, however, we also held in Jones—again quoting Schmitz—that “it is often necessary to focus a witness on the differences and similarities between his testimony and that of another witness,” and that “this is permissible provided he is not asked to testify as to the veracity of the other witness.” Jones, 299 Ga. at 43 (emphasis added; cleaned up).

2025Notably, however, we also held in Jones—again quoting Schmitz—that “it is often necessary to focus a witness on the differences and similarities between his testimony and that of another witness,” and that “this is permissible provided he is not asked to testify as to the veracity of the other witness.” Jones, 299 Ga. at 43 (emphasis added; cleaned up).

11
Reddick v. Stategreen
ga · 2025 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025See Reddick, 321 Ga. at 87 n.9 (noting that “although the ‘credibility of a witness shall be a matter to be determined by the trier of fact,’ OCGA § 24-6-620, a witness’s statement that does not directly address the credibility of another witness is not improper”) (emphasis in original); Harris v. State, 304 Ga. 652, 657 (821 SE2d 346) (2018) (holding that, because a detective did not directly comment on a witness’s veracity, the detective did not improperly comment on the credibility of the witness).

2025See Reddick, 321 Ga. at 87 n.9 (noting that “although the ‘credibility of a witness shall be a matter to be determined by the trier of fact,’ OCGA § 24-6-620, a witness’s statement that does not directly address the credibility of another witness is not improper”) (emphasis in original); Harris v. State, 304 Ga. 652, 657 ( 821 SE2d 346 ) (2018) (holding that, because a detective did not directly comment on a witness’s veracity, the detective did not improperly comment on the credibility of the witness).

11
Gonzalez v. the Stategreen
gactapp · 2015 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023See Gonzalez v. State, 334 Ga. App. 706, 708 (1) ( 780 SE2d 383 ) (2015) (applying OCGA § 17-7-110 to motions to suppress). 2 Consequently, although the trial court had the discretion to accept the late filing and consider the merits of Scott’s motion, the trial court was not required to do so.

2023See Gonzalez v. State, 334 Ga. App. 706, 708 (1) ( 780 SE2d 383 ) (2015) (applying OCGA § 17-7-110 to motions to suppress). 2 Consequently, although the trial court had the discretion to accept the late filing and consider the merits of Scott’s motion, the trial court was not required to do so.

11
Smith v. Stategreen
gactapp · 2013 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015See Smith v. State, 324 Ga. App. 100, 103 (1) ( 749 SE2d 395 ) (2013); OCGA § 24-6-615 (2) (concerning the rule of sequestration).

2015See Smith v. State, 324 Ga. App. 100, 103 (1) ( 749 SE2d 395 ) (2013); OCGA § 24-6-615 (2) (concerning the rule of sequestration).

11
Georgia Star Plumbing, Inc. v. Bowengreen
gactapp · 1997 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013Specifically, Carter contends that the trial court should have adopted a rule that an institutionalized mental patient, who lacks capacity, owes no Plumbing, Inc. v. Bowen, 225 Ga. App. 379, 380 ( 484 SE2d 26 ) (1997). 4 duty to an employee of the institution whose very duties contemplate dealing with patients who pose a risk of violent conduct.

2013Specifically, Carter contends that the trial court should have adopted a rule that an institutionalized mental patient, who lacks capacity, owes no Plumbing, Inc. v. Bowen, 225 Ga. App. 379, 380 ( 484 SE2d 26 ) (1997). 4 duty to an employee of the institution whose very duties contemplate dealing with patients who pose a risk of violent conduct.

11
Shaw Industries, Inc. v. Scottgreen
gactapp · 2011 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012In Shaw Industries, Inc. v. Scott, 310 Ga. App. 750, 752 ( 713 SE2d 917 ) (2011), the Court of Appeals held that, in this workers’ compensation case, the superior court improperly affirmed an award to Valencia Michelle Scott because “the [administrative law judge (AL J)] erred in ruling that Scott’s disability resulted from a fictional new injury, as opposed to a change in condition, and that Scott’s claim for [total temporary disability] benefits was thus not barred by the applicable [two-year] statute of limitation.” See OCGA § 34-9-104 (b).

2012In Shaw Industries, Inc. v. Scott, 310 Ga. App. 750, 752 ( 713 SE2d 917 ) (2011), the Court of Appeals held that, in this workers’ compensation case, the superior court improperly affirmed an award to Valencia Michelle Scott because “the [administrative law judge (AL J)] erred in ruling that Scott’s disability resulted from a fictional new injury, as opposed to a change in condition, and that Scott’s claim for [total temporary disability] benefits was thus not barred by the applicable [two-year] statute of limitation.” See OCGA § 34-9-104 (b).

11
Hamilton v. Stategreen
gactapp · 2008 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009Gassett, supra, 289 Ga. App. at 794 (2); Hamilton, supra, 293 Ga. App. at 300 (3). 3.

2009Gassett, supra, 289 Ga. App. at 794 (2); Hamilton, supra, 293 Ga. App. at 300 (3). 3.

11
Gassett v. Stategreen
gactapp · 2008 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009Gassett, supra, 289 Ga. App. at 794 (2); Hamilton, supra, 293 Ga. App. at 300 (3). 3.

2009Gassett, supra, 289 Ga. App. at 794 (2); Hamilton, supra, 293 Ga. App. at 300 (3). 3.

11
State v. Venzengreen
gactapp · 2007 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009See generally State v. Venzen, 286 Ga. App. 597, 598-599 (1) ( 649 SE2d 851 ) (2007) (“access to contraband in plain view may be had by obtaining a warrant, obtaining consent, or by the existence of exigent circumstances”) (citation and punctuation omitted).

2009See generally State v. Venzen, 286 Ga. App. 597, 598-599 (1) ( 649 SE2d 851 ) (2007) (“access to contraband in plain view may be had by obtaining a warrant, obtaining consent, or by the existence of exigent circumstances”) (citation and punctuation omitted).

11
Oree v. Stategreen
ga · 2006 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
1 sentence

2006See Oree, supra. A crucial element of Scott’s defense was that Buffington was a likely suspect in Shaniya’s murder, and that the circumstantial evidence did not exclude the reasonable hypothesis that she was the true culprit.

11
Morris v. Stategreen
gactapp · 1997 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006See Morris, supra, 226 Ga. App. at 538 .

2006See Morris, supra, 226 Ga. App. at 538 .

11
Johnson v. Stategreen
ga · 1999 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006See Johnson v. State, 271 Ga. 375, 383 (15)(a), 519 S.E.2d 221 (1999) (rejecting the contention that the State's "make them explain" argument was burden shifting).

2006See Johnson v. State, 271 Ga. 375, 383 (15)(a), 519 S.E.2d 221 (1999) (rejecting the contention that the State's "make them explain" argument was burden shifting).

11
Robinson v. Stategreen
ga · 2004 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006Scott asserts that this was error because the statement was not freely and voluntarily made, as it was given without the police first advising him of his Miranda rights. [2] " Miranda warnings are required when a person `is (1) formally arrested or (2) restrained to the degree associated with a formal arrest.' [Cit.] Unless a reasonable person in the suspect's situation would perceive that he was in custody, Miranda warnings are not necessary. [Cit.]" Robinson v. State, 278 Ga. 299, 301 (2), 602 S.E.2d 574 (2004).

2006Scott asserts that this was error because the statement was not freely and voluntarily made, as it was given without the police first advising him of his Miranda rights. [2] " Miranda warnings are required when a person `is (1) formally arrested or (2) restrained to the degree associated with a formal arrest.' [Cit.] Unless a reasonable person in the suspect's situation would perceive that he was in custody, Miranda warnings are not necessary. [Cit.]" Robinson v. State, 278 Ga. 299, 301 (2), 602 S.E.2d 574 (2004).

11
United States v. Taylorgreen
ca11 · 1999 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002Scott’s appeal was docketed in this Court on May 14, 2001, and was orally argued on September 18, 2001. 2 Butler v. State, 270 Ga. 441, 446 (4) ( 511 SE2d 180 ) (1999). 3 Butler, 270 Ga. at 446 . 4 Heard v. State, 274 Ga. 196, 199 ( 552 SE2d 818 ) (2001); Gee v. State, 261 Ga. 178, 179 (3) ( 402 SE2d 719 ) (1991). 5 391 U. S. 123 (88 SC 1620, 20 LE2d 476) (1968). 6 See Richardson v. Marsh, 481 U. S. 200, 208 (107 SC 1702, 95 LE2d 176) (1987); United States v. Taylor, 186 F3d 1332, 1335-1336 (11th Cir. 1999). 7 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 206 . 8 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 207 . 9 Richardson, 481 U.

2002Scott’s appeal was docketed in this Court on May 14, 2001, and was orally argued on September 18, 2001. 2 Butler v. State, 270 Ga. 441, 446 (4) ( 511 SE2d 180 ) (1999). 3 Butler, 270 Ga. at 446 . 4 Heard v. State, 274 Ga. 196, 199 ( 552 SE2d 818 ) (2001); Gee v. State, 261 Ga. 178, 179 (3) ( 402 SE2d 719 ) (1991). 5 391 U. S. 123 (88 SC 1620, 20 LE2d 476) (1968). 6 See Richardson v. Marsh, 481 U. S. 200, 208 (107 SC 1702, 95 LE2d 176) (1987); United States v. Taylor, 186 F3d 1332, 1335-1336 (11th Cir. 1999). 7 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 206 . 8 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 207 . 9 Richardson, 481 U.

11
Butler v. Stategreen
ga · 1999 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
11
Wilkins v. Stategreen
ga · 1996 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
11
United States v. Ted Stevenson Angwin and Christine Khamisgreen
ca9 · 2001 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
1 sentence

2002Scott’s appeal was docketed in this Court on May 14, 2001, and was orally argued on September 18, 2001. 2 Butler v. State, 270 Ga. 441, 446 (4) ( 511 SE2d 180 ) (1999). 3 Butler, 270 Ga. at 446 . 4 Heard v. State, 274 Ga. 196, 199 ( 552 SE2d 818 ) (2001); Gee v. State, 261 Ga. 178, 179 (3) ( 402 SE2d 719 ) (1991). 5 391 U. S. 123 (88 SC 1620, 20 LE2d 476) (1968). 6 See Richardson v. Marsh, 481 U. S. 200, 208 (107 SC 1702, 95 LE2d 176) (1987); United States v. Taylor, 186 F3d 1332, 1335-1336 (11th Cir. 1999). 7 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 206 . 8 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 207 . 9 Richardson, 481 U.

11
Owen v. Stategreen
ga · 1996 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
11
Thomas v. Stategreen
ga · 1997 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
11
Gee v. Stategreen
ga · 1991 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002Scott’s appeal was docketed in this Court on May 14, 2001, and was orally argued on September 18, 2001. 2 Butler v. State, 270 Ga. 441, 446 (4) ( 511 SE2d 180 ) (1999). 3 Butler, 270 Ga. at 446 . 4 Heard v. State, 274 Ga. 196, 199 ( 552 SE2d 818 ) (2001); Gee v. State, 261 Ga. 178, 179 (3) ( 402 SE2d 719 ) (1991). 5 391 U. S. 123 (88 SC 1620, 20 LE2d 476) (1968). 6 See Richardson v. Marsh, 481 U. S. 200, 208 (107 SC 1702, 95 LE2d 176) (1987); United States v. Taylor, 186 F3d 1332, 1335-1336 (11th Cir. 1999). 7 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 206 . 8 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 207 . 9 Richardson, 481 U.

2002Scott’s appeal was docketed in this Court on May 14, 2001, and was orally argued on September 18, 2001. 2 Butler v. State, 270 Ga. 441, 446 (4) ( 511 SE2d 180 ) (1999). 3 Butler, 270 Ga. at 446 . 4 Heard v. State, 274 Ga. 196, 199 ( 552 SE2d 818 ) (2001); Gee v. State, 261 Ga. 178, 179 (3) ( 402 SE2d 719 ) (1991). 5 391 U. S. 123 (88 SC 1620, 20 LE2d 476) (1968). 6 See Richardson v. Marsh, 481 U. S. 200, 208 (107 SC 1702, 95 LE2d 176) (1987); United States v. Taylor, 186 F3d 1332, 1335-1336 (11th Cir. 1999). 7 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 206 . 8 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 207 . 9 Richardson, 481 U.

11
Heard v. Stategreen
ga · 2001 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
11
Richardson v. Marshgreen
scotus · 1987 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002Scott’s appeal was docketed in this Court on May 14, 2001, and was orally argued on September 18, 2001. 2 Butler v. State, 270 Ga. 441, 446 (4) ( 511 SE2d 180 ) (1999). 3 Butler, 270 Ga. at 446 . 4 Heard v. State, 274 Ga. 196, 199 ( 552 SE2d 818 ) (2001); Gee v. State, 261 Ga. 178, 179 (3) ( 402 SE2d 719 ) (1991). 5 391 U. S. 123 (88 SC 1620, 20 LE2d 476) (1968). 6 See Richardson v. Marsh, 481 U. S. 200, 208 (107 SC 1702, 95 LE2d 176) (1987); United States v. Taylor, 186 F3d 1332, 1335-1336 (11th Cir. 1999). 7 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 206 . 8 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 207 . 9 Richardson, 481 U.

2002Scott’s appeal was docketed in this Court on May 14, 2001, and was orally argued on September 18, 2001. 2 Butler v. State, 270 Ga. 441, 446 (4) ( 511 SE2d 180 ) (1999). 3 Butler, 270 Ga. at 446 . 4 Heard v. State, 274 Ga. 196, 199 ( 552 SE2d 818 ) (2001); Gee v. State, 261 Ga. 178, 179 (3) ( 402 SE2d 719 ) (1991). 5 391 U. S. 123 (88 SC 1620, 20 LE2d 476) (1968). 6 See Richardson v. Marsh, 481 U. S. 200, 208 (107 SC 1702, 95 LE2d 176) (1987); United States v. Taylor, 186 F3d 1332, 1335-1336 (11th Cir. 1999). 7 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 206 . 8 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 207 . 9 Richardson, 481 U.

11
Reidling v. Holcombgreen
gactapp · 1997 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11
Lau's Corp., Inc. v. Haskinsgreen
ga · 1991 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998
11
Jones v. Crown Construction Co.green
gactapp · 1979 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 1982–1982
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Georgia. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (8)

CaseCitedYears
Moon v. State green
ga · 2021
1 sentence

2026Moon, 311 Ga. at 424 ; Chambliss, 318 Ga. at 167 . (b) Scott’s claim that the trial court should have instructed the jury on involuntary manslaughter by lawful act done in an unlawful manner also fails.

12026–2026
Chambliss v. State green
ga · 2023
1 sentence

2026Moon, 311 Ga. at 424 ; Chambliss, 318 Ga. at 167 . (b) Scott’s claim that the trial court should have instructed the jury on involuntary manslaughter by lawful act done in an unlawful manner also fails.

12026–2026
Brady v. Maryland green
scotus · 1963
2 sentences

2022Before the jury returned a verdict, the trial court granted Scott’s motion for a mistrial on the ground that the state had failed to disclose material, exculpatory evidence in violation of Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 ( 83 SCt 1194 , 10 LE2d 215) (1963).

2022Before the jury returned a verdict, the trial court granted Scott’s motion for a mistrial on the ground that the state had failed to disclose material, exculpatory evidence in violation of Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 ( 83 SCt 1194 , 10 LE2d 215) (1963).

12022–2022
Jackson v. Virginia red
scotus · 1979
1 sentence

2009Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307 (99 SC 2781, *380 61 LE2d 560) (1979). 4.

12009–2009
State v. Young green
ga · 1975
2 sentences

2006In its order granting Scott’s motion, the trial court found the police officer’s testimony that he smelled marijuana in Scott’s car “somewhat incredible, that the officer’s claim is that he smelled marijuana in a parked unoccupied car, which was not being smoked, was dry, presumably was packaged, and was ultimately found behind the dashboard radio.” The trial court then applied the standard of review for searches performed by school officials, see State v. Young, 234 Ga. 488 ( 216 SE2d 586 ) (1975), and concluded: In the instant case, the original automobile was stopped for a suspected school

2006In its order granting Scott’s motion, the trial court found the police officer’s testimony that he smelled marijuana in Scott’s car “somewhat incredible, that the officer’s claim is that he smelled marijuana in a parked unoccupied car, which was not being smoked, was dry, presumably was packaged, and was ultimately found behind the dashboard radio.” The trial court then applied the standard of review for searches performed by school officials, see State v. Young, 234 Ga. 488 ( 216 SE2d 586 ) (1975), and concluded: In the instant case, the original automobile was stopped for a suspected school

12006–2006
Bruton v. United States green
scotus · 1968
2 sentences

2002Scott’s appeal was docketed in this Court on May 14, 2001, and was orally argued on September 18, 2001. 2 Butler v. State, 270 Ga. 441, 446 (4) ( 511 SE2d 180 ) (1999). 3 Butler, 270 Ga. at 446 . 4 Heard v. State, 274 Ga. 196, 199 ( 552 SE2d 818 ) (2001); Gee v. State, 261 Ga. 178, 179 (3) ( 402 SE2d 719 ) (1991). 5 391 U. S. 123 (88 SC 1620, 20 LE2d 476) (1968). 6 See Richardson v. Marsh, 481 U. S. 200, 208 (107 SC 1702, 95 LE2d 176) (1987); United States v. Taylor, 186 F3d 1332, 1335-1336 (11th Cir. 1999). 7 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 206 . 8 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 207 . 9 Richardson, 481 U.

2002Scott’s appeal was docketed in this Court on May 14, 2001, and was orally argued on September 18, 2001. 2 Butler v. State, 270 Ga. 441, 446 (4) ( 511 SE2d 180 ) (1999). 3 Butler, 270 Ga. at 446 . 4 Heard v. State, 274 Ga. 196, 199 ( 552 SE2d 818 ) (2001); Gee v. State, 261 Ga. 178, 179 (3) ( 402 SE2d 719 ) (1991). 5 391 U. S. 123 (88 SC 1620, 20 LE2d 476) (1968). 6 See Richardson v. Marsh, 481 U. S. 200, 208 (107 SC 1702, 95 LE2d 176) (1987); United States v. Taylor, 186 F3d 1332, 1335-1336 (11th Cir. 1999). 7 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 206 . 8 Richardson, 481 U. S. at 207 . 9 Richardson, 481 U.

12002–2002
Harper v. State green
ga · 1982
11985–1985
Davidson v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance green
gactapp · 1982
11982–1982

Where else courts name it

CA 53 (1980–2026) TX 35 (1990–2026) GA 19 (1982–2026) OH 19 (1988–2025) IL 13 (1985–2024) FL 10 (1963–2025) AR 10 (2006–2025) MS 10 (1999–2024) IN 9 (1972–2020) WI 9 (2001–2026) AL 8 (2005–2026) IA 7 (1976–2019) PA 7 (1994–2020) WA 7 (1997–2022) MO 6 (1989–2025) LA 6 (1987–2018) TN 6 (1981–2021) SC 5 (1978–2025) MD 5 (2004–2013) DC 5 (1984–1999) UT 5 (1999–2024) NY 5 (1992–2022) VA 4 (2004–2026) CT 4 (1990–2001) AK 4 (1996–2021) KS 4 (1981–2022) MA 4 (1996–2023) ME 3 (1986–2019) MN 3 (2010–2016) NE 3 (1998–2025) NC 3 (1963–2014) KY 3 (2009–2026) MI 3 (1976–2025) NJ 2 (1984–1997) SD 2 (1995–2024) OR 2 (2005–2022) NV 2 (1968–2021) AZ 2 (2017–2023) DE 2 (1992–1996)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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