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15 Arizona opinions name it 2 courts 1963–2023 2 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Arizona courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
State v. Taylorgreen2 sentences2022The court compared it “to the rule that a defendant who elects to testify at trial may not invoke the self-incrimination privilege to avoid cross-examination.” Id. (citing State v. Taylor, 99 Ariz. 85 , 90–91 (1965)). 2022The court ultimately held “that ordering defendant to submit to a mental examination did not violate his privilege against self-incrimination,” reasoning that “[t]o hold otherwise would deprive the state of the only adequate means to contest the conclusions of a defense psychiatric expert.” Id. at 500–01. ¶9 More recently, in Phillips v. Araneta, 208 Ariz. 280 (2004), our supreme court extended Schackart’s reasoning to the penalty phase in a capital trial. | 1 | 2 |
In Re Andre M.green2 sentences2013Unlike this case, In re Andre M. involved issues of voluntariness under the Fifth Amendment’s self-incrimination clause and was heavily influenced by “the absence of a parent who attempted to attend the [minor’s] interrogation but was prevented from doing so by the police officers.” 207 Ariz. 482 , 485 ¶ 12, 88 P.3d 552, 555 (2004). 2013Unlike this case, In re Andre M. involved issues of voluntariness under the Fifth Amendment’s self-incrimination clause and was heavily influenced by “the absence of a parent who attempted to attend the [minor’s] interrogation but was prevented from doing so by the police officers.” 207 Ariz. 482 , 485 ¶ 12, 88 P.3d 552, 555 (2004). | 1 | 1 |
Kastigar v. United Statesgreen2 sentences1994Ullmann v. United States, 350 U.S. 422, 438-39 , 76 S.Ct. 497, 506-07 , 100 L.Ed. 511 (1956); accord Kastigar v. United States, 406 U.S. 441, 453 , 92 S.Ct. 1653, 1661 , 32 L.Ed.2d 212 (1972). 1994Ullmann v. United States, 350 U.S. 422, 438-39 , 76 S.Ct. 497, 506-07 , 100 L.Ed. 511 (1956); accord Kastigar v. United States, 406 U.S. 441, 453 , 92 S.Ct. 1653, 1661 , 32 L.Ed.2d 212 (1972). | 1 | 1 |
Boyd v. United Statesred2 sentences1981These cases were based on the idea, apparently first articulated in Boyd v. United States, 116 U.S. 616 , 6 S.Ct. 524 , 29 L.Ed. 746 (1886), that the self-incrimination clause is intimately related to the search and seizure prohibition of the Fourth Amendment and creates, like the Fourth Amendment, a private enclave where an individual may lead a private life without governmental intrusion. 1981These cases were based on the idea, apparently first articulated in Boyd v. United States, 116 U.S. 616 , 6 S.Ct. 524 , 29 L.Ed. 746 (1886), that the self-incrimination clause is intimately related to the search and seizure prohibition of the Fourth Amendment and creates, like the Fourth Amendment, a private enclave where an individual may lead a private life without governmental intrusion. | 1 | 1 |
United States v. Richard Authementgreen1 sentence1981Fisher v. United States, 425 U.S. at 408 , 96 S.Ct. at 1579 ; In re Grand Jury Proceedings United States, 626 F.2d 1051, 1055 (1st Cir. 1980); United States v. Beattie, 541 F.2d 329 (2nd Cir. 1976); Matter of Grand Jury Empanelled, 597 F.2d 851, 859-860 (3rd Cir. 1979); United States v. Authement, 607 F.2d 1129, 1131 (6th Cir. 1979); United States v. Osborn, 561 F.2d 1334, 1338 (9th Cir. 1977); Note, 18 Bost.Co.Ind. & Comm.L.Rev. 998, 1008-1016 (1977). | 1 | 1 |
In Re Grand Jury Proceedings United States of America, in Re Grand Jury Proceedings Hector G. Rodriguez Martinezgreen1 sentence1981Fisher v. United States, 425 U.S. at 408 , 96 S.Ct. at 1579 ; In re Grand Jury Proceedings United States, 626 F.2d 1051, 1055 (1st Cir. 1980); United States v. Beattie, 541 F.2d 329 (2nd Cir. 1976); Matter of Grand Jury Empanelled, 597 F.2d 851, 859-860 (3rd Cir. 1979); United States v. Authement, 607 F.2d 1129, 1131 (6th Cir. 1979); United States v. Osborn, 561 F.2d 1334, 1338 (9th Cir. 1977); Note, 18 Bost.Co.Ind. & Comm.L.Rev. 998, 1008-1016 (1977). | 1 | 1 |
Fisher v. United Statesgreen2 sentences1981The Fisher Court, however, rejected the idea that the Fifth Amendment is based on privacy principles, holding instead that the purpose of the self-incrimination clause was not to achieve a general protection of privacy but to prevent the specific evil of compelled self-incrimination. 2 425 U.S. at 399-400 , 96 S.Ct. at 1575-1576 . *256 Compelled self-incrimination occurs when an individual is forced to make an incriminating communicative act. 1981The Fisher Court, however, rejected the idea that the Fifth Amendment is based on privacy principles, holding instead that the purpose of the self-incrimination clause was not to achieve a general protection of privacy but to prevent the specific evil of compelled self-incrimination. 2 425 U.S. at 399-400 , 96 S.Ct. at 1575-1576 . *256 Compelled self-incrimination occurs when an individual is forced to make an incriminating communicative act. | 1 | 1 |
cluster 348794green1 sentence1981Fisher v. United States, 425 U.S. at 408 , 96 S.Ct. at 1579 ; In re Grand Jury Proceedings United States, 626 F.2d 1051, 1055 (1st Cir. 1980); United States v. Beattie, 541 F.2d 329 (2nd Cir. 1976); Matter of Grand Jury Empanelled, 597 F.2d 851, 859-860 (3rd Cir. 1979); United States v. Authement, 607 F.2d 1129, 1131 (6th Cir. 1979); United States v. Osborn, 561 F.2d 1334, 1338 (9th Cir. 1977); Note, 18 Bost.Co.Ind. & Comm.L.Rev. 998, 1008-1016 (1977). | 1 | 1 |
In the Matter of Grand Jury Empanelled February 14, 1978. Appeal of United States of Americagreen1 sentence1981Fisher v. United States, 425 U.S. at 408 , 96 S.Ct. at 1579 ; In re Grand Jury Proceedings United States, 626 F.2d 1051, 1055 (1st Cir. 1980); United States v. Beattie, 541 F.2d 329 (2nd Cir. 1976); Matter of Grand Jury Empanelled, 597 F.2d 851, 859-860 (3rd Cir. 1979); United States v. Authement, 607 F.2d 1129, 1131 (6th Cir. 1979); United States v. Osborn, 561 F.2d 1334, 1338 (9th Cir. 1977); Note, 18 Bost.Co.Ind. & Comm.L.Rev. 998, 1008-1016 (1977). | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Arizona. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
State v. Schackart
green
2 sentences2023LaBianca, 254 Ariz. 206 , ¶¶ 8 -12 (quoting Schackart, 175 Ariz. at 500 ). 2022The court compared it “to the rule that a defendant who elects to testify at trial may not invoke the self-incrimination privilege to avoid cross-examination.” Id. (citing State v. Taylor, 99 Ariz. 85 , 90–91 (1965)). | 2 | 2022–2023 |
Slochower v. Board of Higher Ed. of New York City
green
2 sentences1974Appellant would certainly be entitled to the relief she seeks if she had been discharged because she had exercised her rights: “ . . . as guaranteed by the free speech clause of the First Amendment, Pickering v. Board of Education, 391 U. S. 563 , 88 S.Ct. 1731 , 20 L.Ed.2d 811 , Board of Trustees of Arkansas A & M College v. Davis, 396 F.2d 730 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 393 U.S. 962 , 89 S.Ct. 401 , 21 L.Ed.2d 375 ; by the self incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendment, Slochower v. Board of Higher Education, 350 U.S. 551 , 76 S.Ct. 637 , 100 L. 1974Appellant would certainly be entitled to the relief she seeks if she had been discharged because she had exercised her rights: “ . . . as guaranteed by the free speech clause of the First Amendment, Pickering v. Board of Education, 391 U. S. 563 , 88 S.Ct. 1731 , 20 L.Ed.2d 811 , Board of Trustees of Arkansas A & M College v. Davis, 396 F.2d 730 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 393 U.S. 962 , 89 S.Ct. 401 , 21 L.Ed.2d 375 ; by the self incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendment, Slochower v. Board of Higher Education, 350 U.S. 551 , 76 S.Ct. 637 , 100 L. | 2 | 1963–1974 |
State v. McAlvain
green
2 sentences1972We also agree with the rule stated by defendant that merely introducing admissions by silence during custodial periods for the purpose of proving guilt violates the self-incrimination privilege, citing State v. McAlvain, 104 Ariz. 445 , 454 P.2d 987 (1969), cert. denied, 396 U.S. 1023 , 90 S.Ct. 597 , 24 L.Ed.2d 516 (1970); State v. Villalobos, 6 Ariz.App. 144 , 430 P.2d 723 (1967); United States v. Pearson, 344 F.2d 430 (6th Cir. 1965). 1972We also agree with the rule stated by defendant that merely introducing admissions by silence during custodial periods for the purpose of proving guilt violates the self-incrimination privilege, citing State v. McAlvain, 104 Ariz. 445 , 454 P.2d 987 (1969), cert. denied, 396 U.S. 1023 , 90 S.Ct. 597 , 24 L.Ed.2d 516 (1970); State v. Villalobos, 6 Ariz.App. 144 , 430 P.2d 723 (1967); United States v. Pearson, 344 F.2d 430 (6th Cir. 1965). | 2 | 1972–1972 |
State v. Villalobos
green
2 sentences1972We also agree with the rule stated by defendant that merely introducing admissions by silence during custodial periods for the purpose of proving guilt violates the self-incrimination privilege, citing State v. McAlvain, 104 Ariz. 445 , 454 P.2d 987 (1969), cert. denied, 396 U.S. 1023 , 90 S.Ct. 597 , 24 L.Ed.2d 516 (1970); State v. Villalobos, 6 Ariz.App. 144 , 430 P.2d 723 (1967); United States v. Pearson, 344 F.2d 430 (6th Cir. 1965). 1972We also agree with the rule stated by defendant that merely introducing admissions by silence during custodial periods for the purpose of proving guilt violates the self-incrimination privilege, citing State v. McAlvain, 104 Ariz. 445 , 454 P.2d 987 (1969), cert. denied, 396 U.S. 1023 , 90 S.Ct. 597 , 24 L.Ed.2d 516 (1970); State v. Villalobos, 6 Ariz.App. 144 , 430 P.2d 723 (1967); United States v. Pearson, 344 F.2d 430 (6th Cir. 1965). | 2 | 1972–1972 |
United States v. Theresa Pearson
green
2 sentences1972We also agree with the rule stated by defendant that merely introducing admissions by silence during custodial periods for the purpose of proving guilt violates the self-incrimination privilege, citing State v. McAlvain, 104 Ariz. 445 , 454 P.2d 987 (1969), cert. denied, 396 U.S. 1023 , 90 S.Ct. 597 , 24 L.Ed.2d 516 (1970); State v. Villalobos, 6 Ariz.App. 144 , 430 P.2d 723 (1967); United States v. Pearson, 344 F.2d 430 (6th Cir. 1965). 1972We also agree with the rule stated by defendant that merely introducing admissions by silence during custodial periods, for the purpose of proving guilt, violates the self-incrimination privilege, correctly citing State v. McAlvain, 104 Ariz. 445 , 454 P.2d 987 (1969), cert. denied, 396 U.S. 1023 , 90 S.Ct. 597 , 24 L.Ed.2d 516 (1970) ; State v. Villalobos, 6 Ariz.App. 144 , 430 P.2d 723 (1967); United States v. Pearson, 344 F.2d 430 (6th Cir. 1965). | 2 | 1972–1972 |
White v. United States
green
2 sentences1972We also agree with the rule stated by defendant that merely introducing admissions by silence during custodial periods for the purpose of proving guilt violates the self-incrimination privilege, citing State v. McAlvain, 104 Ariz. 445 , 454 P.2d 987 (1969), cert. denied, 396 U.S. 1023 , 90 S.Ct. 597 , 24 L.Ed.2d 516 (1970); State v. Villalobos, 6 Ariz.App. 144 , 430 P.2d 723 (1967); United States v. Pearson, 344 F.2d 430 (6th Cir. 1965). 1972We also agree with the rule stated by defendant that merely introducing admissions by silence during custodial periods, for the purpose of proving guilt, violates the self-incrimination privilege, correctly citing State v. McAlvain, 104 Ariz. 445 , 454 P.2d 987 (1969), cert. denied, 396 U.S. 1023 , 90 S.Ct. 597 , 24 L.Ed.2d 516 (1970) ; State v. Villalobos, 6 Ariz.App. 144 , 430 P.2d 723 (1967); United States v. Pearson, 344 F.2d 430 (6th Cir. 1965). | 2 | 1972–1972 |
Phillips v. Araneta
green
1 sentence2022The court ultimately held “that ordering defendant to submit to a mental examination did not violate his privilege against self-incrimination,” reasoning that “[t]o hold otherwise would deprive the state of the only adequate means to contest the conclusions of a defense psychiatric expert.” Id. at 500–01. ¶9 More recently, in Phillips v. Araneta, 208 Ariz. 280 (2004), our supreme court extended Schackart’s reasoning to the penalty phase in a capital trial. | 1 | 2022–2022 |
Schmerber v. California
green
2 sentences1997Federal and state courts alike have held that the self-incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendment “offers no protection against compulsion to submit to fingerprinting, photographing, or measurements, to write or speak for identification, to appear in court, to stand, to assume a stance, to walk, or to make a particular gesture.” Schmerber, 384 U.S. at 764 , 86 S.Ct. at 1832 . 1997Federal and state courts alike have held that the self-incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendment “offers no protection against compulsion to submit to fingerprinting, photographing, or measurements, to write or speak for identification, to appear in court, to stand, to assume a stance, to walk, or to make a particular gesture.” Schmerber, 384 U.S. at 764 , 86 S.Ct. at 1832 . | 1 | 1997–1997 |
Ullmann v. United States
green
2 sentences1994Ullmann v. United States, 350 U.S. 422, 438-39 , 76 S.Ct. 497, 506-07 , 100 L.Ed. 511 (1956); accord Kastigar v. United States, 406 U.S. 441, 453 , 92 S.Ct. 1653, 1661 , 32 L.Ed.2d 212 (1972). 1994Ullmann v. United States, 350 U.S. 422, 438-39 , 76 S.Ct. 497, 506-07 , 100 L.Ed. 511 (1956); accord Kastigar v. United States, 406 U.S. 441, 453 , 92 S.Ct. 1653, 1661 , 32 L.Ed.2d 212 (1972). | 1 | 1994–1994 |
State v. Lopez
green
2 sentences1990State v. Lopez, 159 Ariz. 52 , 764 P.2d 1111 (1988); State v. LaGrand, 153 Ariz. 21 , 734 P.2d 563 (1987). 1990State v. Lopez, 159 Ariz. 52 , 764 P.2d 1111 (1988); State v. LaGrand, 153 Ariz. 21 , 734 P.2d 563 (1987). | 1 | 1990–1990 |
State v. LaGrand
green
2 sentences1990State v. Lopez, 159 Ariz. 52 , 764 P.2d 1111 (1988); State v. LaGrand, 153 Ariz. 21 , 734 P.2d 563 (1987). 1990State v. Lopez, 159 Ariz. 52 , 764 P.2d 1111 (1988); State v. LaGrand, 153 Ariz. 21 , 734 P.2d 563 (1987). | 1 | 1990–1990 |
Gardner v. Broderick
green
2 sentences1989Because a public employee may be dismissed for refusing to answer questions on the basis of the self-incrimination privilege only if those questions specifically, directly, and narrowly relate to the performance of his official duties, Gardner v. Broderick, 392 U.S. 273 , 88 S.Ct. 1913 , 20 L.Ed.2d 1082 (1968), and because off-duty criminality, though undoubtedly embarrassing to the public employer, does not meet that test, I do not believe that Williams can be discharged for his refusal to answer questions. 1989Because a public employee may be dismissed for refusing to answer questions on the basis of the self-incrimination privilege only if those questions specifically, directly, and narrowly relate to the performance of his official duties, Gardner v. Broderick, 392 U.S. 273 , 88 S.Ct. 1913 , 20 L.Ed.2d 1082 (1968), and because off-duty criminality, though undoubtedly embarrassing to the public employer, does not meet that test, I do not believe that Williams can be discharged for his refusal to answer questions. | 1 | 1989–1989 |
United States of America and Donald M. Cerra, Special Agent of the Internal Revenue Service v. John L. Beattie, Jr.
green
1 sentence1981Fisher v. United States, 425 U.S. at 408 , 96 S.Ct. at 1579 ; In re Grand Jury Proceedings United States, 626 F.2d 1051, 1055 (1st Cir. 1980); United States v. Beattie, 541 F.2d 329 (2nd Cir. 1976); Matter of Grand Jury Empanelled, 597 F.2d 851, 859-860 (3rd Cir. 1979); United States v. Authement, 607 F.2d 1129, 1131 (6th Cir. 1979); United States v. Osborn, 561 F.2d 1334, 1338 (9th Cir. 1977); Note, 18 Bost.Co.Ind. & Comm.L.Rev. 998, 1008-1016 (1977). | 1 | 1981–1981 |
Commonwealth v. Rodgers
green
2 sentences1979The Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Commonwealth v. Rodgers, 472 Pa. 435 , 372 A.2d 771 (1977) examined post-conviction collateral relief and the self-incrimination privilege. 1979The Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Commonwealth v. Rodgers, 472 Pa. 435 , 372 A.2d 771 (1977) examined post-conviction collateral relief and the self-incrimination privilege. | 1 | 1979–1979 |
Greene v. McElroy
green
2 sentences1974Ed. 692 ; by the due process clause of the Fifth or Fourteenth Amendments, Greene v. McElroy, 360 U.S. 474 , 79 S. Ct. 1400 , 3 L.Ed.2d 1377 ; or by the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, Hatton v. County Board of Education, 422 F.2d 457 (6th Cir.); Rolfe v. County Board of Education, 391 F.2d 77 (6th Cir.).” Orr v. Trinter, 444 F.2d 128 (6th Cir. 1971), cert. denied, 40 U.S. 943 , 92 S.Ct. 2847 , 33 L.E.2d 767 (1972). 1974Ed. 692 ; by the due process clause of the Fifth or Fourteenth Amendments, Greene v. McElroy, 360 U.S. 474 , 79 S. Ct. 1400 , 3 L.Ed.2d 1377 ; or by the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, Hatton v. County Board of Education, 422 F.2d 457 (6th Cir.); Rolfe v. County Board of Education, 391 F.2d 77 (6th Cir.).” Orr v. Trinter, 444 F.2d 128 (6th Cir. 1971), cert. denied, 40 U.S. 943 , 92 S.Ct. 2847 , 33 L.E.2d 767 (1972). | 1 | 1974–1974 |
Pickering v. Board of Ed. of Township High School Dist. 205, Will Cty.
green
2 sentences1974Appellant would certainly be entitled to the relief she seeks if she had been discharged because she had exercised her rights: “ . . . as guaranteed by the free speech clause of the First Amendment, Pickering v. Board of Education, 391 U. S. 563 , 88 S.Ct. 1731 , 20 L.Ed.2d 811 , Board of Trustees of Arkansas A & M College v. Davis, 396 F.2d 730 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 393 U.S. 962 , 89 S.Ct. 401 , 21 L.Ed.2d 375 ; by the self incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendment, Slochower v. Board of Higher Education, 350 U.S. 551 , 76 S.Ct. 637 , 100 L. 1974Appellant would certainly be entitled to the relief she seeks if she had been discharged because she had exercised her rights: “ . . . as guaranteed by the free speech clause of the First Amendment, Pickering v. Board of Education, 391 U. S. 563 , 88 S.Ct. 1731 , 20 L.Ed.2d 811 , Board of Trustees of Arkansas A & M College v. Davis, 396 F.2d 730 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 393 U.S. 962 , 89 S.Ct. 401 , 21 L.Ed.2d 375 ; by the self incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendment, Slochower v. Board of Higher Education, 350 U.S. 551 , 76 S.Ct. 637 , 100 L. | 1 | 1974–1974 |
| cluster 279203 green | 1 | 1974–1974 |
Board of Trustees of Arkansas a & M College, a Body Corporate, and Dr. Homer Babin, President of Arkansas a & M College v. H. Brent Davis
green
1 sentence1974Appellant would certainly be entitled to the relief she seeks if she had been discharged because she had exercised her rights: “ . . . as guaranteed by the free speech clause of the First Amendment, Pickering v. Board of Education, 391 U. S. 563 , 88 S.Ct. 1731 , 20 L.Ed.2d 811 , Board of Trustees of Arkansas A & M College v. Davis, 396 F.2d 730 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 393 U.S. 962 , 89 S.Ct. 401 , 21 L.Ed.2d 375 ; by the self incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendment, Slochower v. Board of Higher Education, 350 U.S. 551 , 76 S.Ct. 637 , 100 L. | 1 | 1974–1974 |
Miss Florence Ella Hatton v. County Board of Education of Maury County, Tennessee
green
1 sentence1974Ed. 692 ; by the due process clause of the Fifth or Fourteenth Amendments, Greene v. McElroy, 360 U.S. 474 , 79 S. Ct. 1400 , 3 L.Ed.2d 1377 ; or by the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, Hatton v. County Board of Education, 422 F.2d 457 (6th Cir.); Rolfe v. County Board of Education, 391 F.2d 77 (6th Cir.).” Orr v. Trinter, 444 F.2d 128 (6th Cir. 1971), cert. denied, 40 U.S. 943 , 92 S.Ct. 2847 , 33 L.E.2d 767 (1972). | 1 | 1974–1974 |
Thomas Justin Orr v. Raymond E. Trinter
green
1 sentence1974Ed. 692 ; by the due process clause of the Fifth or Fourteenth Amendments, Greene v. McElroy, 360 U.S. 474 , 79 S. Ct. 1400 , 3 L.Ed.2d 1377 ; or by the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, Hatton v. County Board of Education, 422 F.2d 457 (6th Cir.); Rolfe v. County Board of Education, 391 F.2d 77 (6th Cir.).” Orr v. Trinter, 444 F.2d 128 (6th Cir. 1971), cert. denied, 40 U.S. 943 , 92 S.Ct. 2847 , 33 L.E.2d 767 (1972). | 1 | 1974–1974 |
| Dreyfus v. Michael Reese Hospital & Medical Center green | 1 | 1974–1974 |
| Crowder v. Federal Communications Commission green | 1 | 1974–1974 |
Crabtree v. Board of Education
green
1 sentence1974Ed. 692 ; by the due process clause of the Fifth or Fourteenth Amendments, Greene v. McElroy, 360 U.S. 474 , 79 S. Ct. 1400 , 3 L.Ed.2d 1377 ; or by the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, Hatton v. County Board of Education, 422 F.2d 457 (6th Cir.); Rolfe v. County Board of Education, 391 F.2d 77 (6th Cir.).” Orr v. Trinter, 444 F.2d 128 (6th Cir. 1971), cert. denied, 40 U.S. 943 , 92 S.Ct. 2847 , 33 L.E.2d 767 (1972). | 1 | 1974–1974 |
Humphrey v. Palmer
green
1 sentence1974Appellant would certainly be entitled to the relief she seeks if she had been discharged because she had exercised her rights: “ . . . as guaranteed by the free speech clause of the First Amendment, Pickering v. Board of Education, 391 U. S. 563 , 88 S.Ct. 1731 , 20 L.Ed.2d 811 , Board of Trustees of Arkansas A & M College v. Davis, 396 F.2d 730 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 393 U.S. 962 , 89 S.Ct. 401 , 21 L.Ed.2d 375 ; by the self incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendment, Slochower v. Board of Higher Education, 350 U.S. 551 , 76 S.Ct. 637 , 100 L. | 1 | 1974–1974 |
| State v. Greer green | 1 | 1973–1973 |
| State v. Greer neutral | 1 | 1972–1972 |
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.