series factors in Texas

15 Texas opinions name it 2 courts 2001–2023 5 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (7)

Case	Followed	Cited
Texas Department of Criminal Justice v. Millergreen tex · 2001 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016 2 sentences 2016See Miller, 51 S.W.3d at 588 . 2016See Miller, 51 occurred."' Id. (quoting Del Lago Partners.	3	3
Miranda v. Arizonagreen scotus · 1966 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010 2 sentences 2010Herrera , 241 S.W.3d at 525 (citing Miranda v. Arizona , 384 U.S. 436, 442-57 (1966)). 2010Herrera, 241 S.W.3d at 525 (citing Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 442-57 (1966)).	2	2
Alamo Heights Independent School District v. Catherine Clarkgreen tex · 2018 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2021–2023 2 sentences 2023Id. 13 In Alamo Heights, the court identified a series of factors that are useful in analyzing the causal link in a retaliation case: In evaluating but-for causation evidence in retaliation cases, we examine all of the circumstances, including temporal proximity between the protected activity and the adverse action, knowledge of the protected activity, expression of a negative attitude toward the employee’s protected activity, failure to adhere to relevant established company policies, discriminatory treatment in comparison to similarly situated employees, and evidence the employer’s stated re 2023In Alamo Heights, the court identified a series of factors that are useful in analyzing the causal link in a retaliation case: In evaluating but-for causation evidence in retaliation cases, we examine all of the circumstances, including temporal proximity between the protected activity and the adverse action, knowledge of the protected activity, expression of a negative attitude toward the employee’s protected activity, failure to adhere to relevant established company policies, discriminatory treatment in comparison to similarly situated employees, and evidence the employer’s stated reason is	1	4
Mustang Pipeline Co. v. Driver Pipeline Co.green tex · 2004 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022 1 sentence 2022See Mustang Pipeline, 134 S.W.3d at 199 (listing similar factors).	1	1
Texas Department of Human Services v. Hindsgreen tex · 1995 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021 1 sentence 2021In Alamo Heights v. Clark, the court identified a series of factors useful in analyzing the causal link: In evaluating but-for causation evidence in retaliation cases, we examine all of the circumstances, including temporal proximity between the protected activity and the adverse action, knowledge of the protected activity, expression of a negative 3 In determining whether a plaintiff has set forth a valid claim of discrimination or retaliation under the TCHRA, we rely on both State and Federal authorities, as Texas courts have recognized that one of the purposes of the TCHRA is to “provide fo	1	1
Ralph M. Nowak, Administrator of the Estate of Sally Ann Nowak v. Tak How Investments, Ltd., D/B/A Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza Harbour Viewgreen ca1 · 1996 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015 2 sentences 2015See Nowak, 94 F.3d at 715–16. dispute, (3) the plaintiff's interest in obtaining convenient and effective relief, (4) the judicial system's interest in The court of appeals performed the “fair play and substantial obtaining the most effective resolution of the controversy, justice” analysis which the Supreme Court has indicated both and (5) the common interests of all sovereigns 592 in protects a non resident from improper exercise of jurisdiction promoting substantive social policies.” by a forum, and yet might allow a lesser showing for the exercise of jurisdiction over a defendant who purp 2015See Nowak, 94 F.3d at 715–16. dispute, (3) the plaintiff's interest in obtaining convenient and effective relief, (4) the judicial system's interest in The court of appeals performed the “fair play and substantial obtaining the most effective resolution of the controversy, justice” analysis which the Supreme Court has indicated both and (5) the common interests of all sovereigns 592 in protects a non resident from improper exercise of jurisdiction promoting substantive social policies.” by a forum, and yet might allow a lesser showing for the exercise of jurisdiction over a defendant who purp	1	1
Roe v. Farwellgreen mad · 1998 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001 1 sentence 2001See Roe v. Farwell, 999 F.Supp. 174 (D.Mass.1998); State v. Burr, 598 N.W.2d 147 (N.D.1999); State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404 , 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998); People v. Logan, 302 Ill.App.3d 319 , 235 Ill.Dec. 539 , 705 N.E.2d 152 (Ill.App.1998); Collie v. State, 710 So.2d 1000 (Fla.App.1998); State v. Pickens, 558 N.W.2d 396 (Iowa 1997); State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 , 923 P.2d 1024 (1996); State v. Manning, 532 N.W.2d 244 (Minn.App.1995); State v. Ward, 123 Wash.2d 488 , 869 P.2d 1062 (1994); State v. Noble, 171 Ariz. 171 , 829 P.2d 1217 (1992).	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (15)

Case	Cited	Years
Kent v. United States green scotus · 1966 2 sentences 2015Hidalgo, 983 S.W.Zd at 754 (citing Kent, 383 U.S. at 566-67 ). 2013Hidalgo, 98 3 S.W.2d at 754 (citing Kent, 383 U.S. at 566-67 , 86 S.Ct. 1045 ).	2	2013–2015
Herrera v. State green texcrimapp · 2007 2 sentences 2010Herrera , 241 S.W.3d at 525 (citing Miranda v. Arizona , 384 U.S. 436, 442-57 (1966)). 2010Herrera, 241 S.W.3d at 525 (citing Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 442-57 (1966)).	2	2010–2010
Continental Coffee Products Co. v. Cazarez green tex · 1997 1 sentence 2023Co. v. Cazarez, 937 S.W.2d 444 , 451–52 (Tex. 1996) (setting forth factors to be considered in determining whether a causal link exists between the filing of a workers compensation claim and an adverse employment action).	1	2023–2023
Webster v. Commonwealth green kyctapphigh · 1928 1 sentence 2013Hidalgo, 98 3 S.W.2d at 754 (citing Kent, 383 U.S. at 566-67 , 86 S.Ct. 1045 ).	1	2013–2013
International Shoe Co. v. Washington green scotus · 1945 2 sentences 2007Out of this requirement, courts have developed a series of factors that bear on the fairness of subjecting a nonresident to a foreign tribunal . . . as follows: "(1) the defendant's burden of appearing, (2) the forum state's interest in adjudicating the dispute, (3) the plaintiff's interest in obtaining convenient and effective relief, (4) the judicial system's interest in obtaining the most effective resolution of the controversy, and (5) the common interests of all sovereigns 592 in promoting substantive social policies." Id. at 717 (quoting United Elec., Radio & Mach. 2007*Out of this requirement, courts have developed a series of factors that bear on the fairness of subjecting a nonresident to a foreign tribunal ... as follows: “(1) the defendant’s burden of appearing, (2) the forum state’s interest in adjudicating the dispute, (3) the plaintiffs interest in obtaining convenient and effective relief, (4) the judicial system’s interest in obtaining the most effective resolution of the controversy, and (5) the common interests of all sover eigns in promoting substantive social policies.” Id. at 717 (quoting United Elec., Radio & Mach.	1	2007–2007
State v. Manning green minnctapp · 1995 1 sentence 2001See Roe v. Farwell, 999 F.Supp. 174 (D.Mass.1998); State v. Burr, 598 N.W.2d 147 (N.D.1999); State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404 , 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998); People v. Logan, 302 Ill.App.3d 319 , 235 Ill.Dec. 539 , 705 N.E.2d 152 (Ill.App.1998); Collie v. State, 710 So.2d 1000 (Fla.App.1998); State v. Pickens, 558 N.W.2d 396 (Iowa 1997); State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 , 923 P.2d 1024 (1996); State v. Manning, 532 N.W.2d 244 (Minn.App.1995); State v. Ward, 123 Wash.2d 488 , 869 P.2d 1062 (1994); State v. Noble, 171 Ariz. 171 , 829 P.2d 1217 (1992).	1	2001–2001
State v. Ward green wash · 1994 1 sentence 2001See Roe v. Farwell, 999 F.Supp. 174 (D.Mass.1998); State v. Burr, 598 N.W.2d 147 (N.D.1999); State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404 , 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998); People v. Logan, 302 Ill.App.3d 319 , 235 Ill.Dec. 539 , 705 N.E.2d 152 (Ill.App.1998); Collie v. State, 710 So.2d 1000 (Fla.App.1998); State v. Pickens, 558 N.W.2d 396 (Iowa 1997); State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 , 923 P.2d 1024 (1996); State v. Manning, 532 N.W.2d 244 (Minn.App.1995); State v. Ward, 123 Wash.2d 488 , 869 P.2d 1062 (1994); State v. Noble, 171 Ariz. 171 , 829 P.2d 1217 (1992).	1	2001–2001
State v. Burr green nd · 1999 1 sentence 2001See Roe v. Farwell, 999 F.Supp. 174 (D.Mass.1998); State v. Burr, 598 N.W.2d 147 (N.D.1999); State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404 , 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998); People v. Logan, 302 Ill.App.3d 319 , 235 Ill.Dec. 539 , 705 N.E.2d 152 (Ill.App.1998); Collie v. State, 710 So.2d 1000 (Fla.App.1998); State v. Pickens, 558 N.W.2d 396 (Iowa 1997); State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 , 923 P.2d 1024 (1996); State v. Manning, 532 N.W.2d 244 (Minn.App.1995); State v. Ward, 123 Wash.2d 488 , 869 P.2d 1062 (1994); State v. Noble, 171 Ariz. 171 , 829 P.2d 1217 (1992).	1	2001–2001
Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez green scotus · 1963 2 sentences 2001In making this determination, many courts have looked to a series of factors set out by the U.S. Supreme Court in Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez: [1] Whether the sanction involves an affirmative disability or restraint, [2] whether it has historically been regarded as a punishment, [3] whether it comes into play only on a finding of scienter, [4] whether its operation will promote the traditional aims of punishment — retribution and deterrence, [5] whether the behavior to which it applies is already a crime, [6] whether an alternative purpose to which it may rationally be connected is assignable 2001In making this determination, many courts have looked to a series of factors set out by the U.S. Supreme Court in Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez: [1] Whether the sanction involves an affirmative disability or restraint, [2] whether it has historically been regarded as a punishment, [3] whether it comes into play only on a finding of scienter, [4] whether its operation will promote the traditional aims of punishment — retribution and deterrence, [5] whether the behavior to which it applies is already a crime, [6] whether an alternative purpose to which it may rationally be connected is assignable	1	2001–2001
People v. Logan green illappct · 1998 2 sentences 2001See Roe v. Farwell, 999 F.Supp. 174 (D.Mass.1998); State v. Burr, 598 N.W.2d 147 (N.D.1999); State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404 , 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998); People v. Logan, 302 Ill.App.3d 319 , 235 Ill.Dec. 539 , 705 N.E.2d 152 (Ill.App.1998); Collie v. State, 710 So.2d 1000 (Fla.App.1998); State v. Pickens, 558 N.W.2d 396 (Iowa 1997); State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 , 923 P.2d 1024 (1996); State v. Manning, 532 N.W.2d 244 (Minn.App.1995); State v. Ward, 123 Wash.2d 488 , 869 P.2d 1062 (1994); State v. Noble, 171 Ariz. 171 , 829 P.2d 1217 (1992). 2001See Roe v. Farwell, 999 F.Supp. 174 (D.Mass.1998); State v. Burr, 598 N.W.2d 147 (N.D.1999); State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404 , 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998); People v. Logan, 302 Ill.App.3d 319 , 235 Ill.Dec. 539 , 705 N.E.2d 152 (Ill.App.1998); Collie v. State, 710 So.2d 1000 (Fla.App.1998); State v. Pickens, 558 N.W.2d 396 (Iowa 1997); State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 , 923 P.2d 1024 (1996); State v. Manning, 532 N.W.2d 244 (Minn.App.1995); State v. Ward, 123 Wash.2d 488 , 869 P.2d 1062 (1994); State v. Noble, 171 Ariz. 171 , 829 P.2d 1217 (1992).	1	2001–2001
State v. Noble green ariz · 1992 2 sentences 2001See Roe v. Farwell, 999 F.Supp. 174 (D.Mass.1998); State v. Burr, 598 N.W.2d 147 (N.D.1999); State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404 , 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998); People v. Logan, 302 Ill.App.3d 319 , 235 Ill.Dec. 539 , 705 N.E.2d 152 (Ill.App.1998); Collie v. State, 710 So.2d 1000 (Fla.App.1998); State v. Pickens, 558 N.W.2d 396 (Iowa 1997); State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 , 923 P.2d 1024 (1996); State v. Manning, 532 N.W.2d 244 (Minn.App.1995); State v. Ward, 123 Wash.2d 488 , 869 P.2d 1062 (1994); State v. Noble, 171 Ariz. 171 , 829 P.2d 1217 (1992). 2001See Roe v. Farwell, 999 F.Supp. 174 (D.Mass.1998); State v. Burr, 598 N.W.2d 147 (N.D.1999); State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404 , 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998); People v. Logan, 302 Ill.App.3d 319 , 235 Ill.Dec. 539 , 705 N.E.2d 152 (Ill.App.1998); Collie v. State, 710 So.2d 1000 (Fla.App.1998); State v. Pickens, 558 N.W.2d 396 (Iowa 1997); State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 , 923 P.2d 1024 (1996); State v. Manning, 532 N.W.2d 244 (Minn.App.1995); State v. Ward, 123 Wash.2d 488 , 869 P.2d 1062 (1994); State v. Noble, 171 Ariz. 171 , 829 P.2d 1217 (1992).	1	2001–2001
State v. Myers green kan · 1996 2 sentences 2001See Roe v. Farwell, 999 F.Supp. 174 (D.Mass.1998); State v. Burr, 598 N.W.2d 147 (N.D.1999); State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404 , 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998); People v. Logan, 302 Ill.App.3d 319 , 235 Ill.Dec. 539 , 705 N.E.2d 152 (Ill.App.1998); Collie v. State, 710 So.2d 1000 (Fla.App.1998); State v. Pickens, 558 N.W.2d 396 (Iowa 1997); State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 , 923 P.2d 1024 (1996); State v. Manning, 532 N.W.2d 244 (Minn.App.1995); State v. Ward, 123 Wash.2d 488 , 869 P.2d 1062 (1994); State v. Noble, 171 Ariz. 171 , 829 P.2d 1217 (1992). 2001See Roe v. Farwell, 999 F.Supp. 174 (D.Mass.1998); State v. Burr, 598 N.W.2d 147 (N.D.1999); State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404 , 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998); People v. Logan, 302 Ill.App.3d 319 , 235 Ill.Dec. 539 , 705 N.E.2d 152 (Ill.App.1998); Collie v. State, 710 So.2d 1000 (Fla.App.1998); State v. Pickens, 558 N.W.2d 396 (Iowa 1997); State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 , 923 P.2d 1024 (1996); State v. Manning, 532 N.W.2d 244 (Minn.App.1995); State v. Ward, 123 Wash.2d 488 , 869 P.2d 1062 (1994); State v. Noble, 171 Ariz. 171 , 829 P.2d 1217 (1992).	1	2001–2001
State v. Pickens green iowa · 1997 1 sentence 2001See Roe v. Farwell, 999 F.Supp. 174 (D.Mass.1998); State v. Burr, 598 N.W.2d 147 (N.D.1999); State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404 , 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998); People v. Logan, 302 Ill.App.3d 319 , 235 Ill.Dec. 539 , 705 N.E.2d 152 (Ill.App.1998); Collie v. State, 710 So.2d 1000 (Fla.App.1998); State v. Pickens, 558 N.W.2d 396 (Iowa 1997); State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 , 923 P.2d 1024 (1996); State v. Manning, 532 N.W.2d 244 (Minn.App.1995); State v. Ward, 123 Wash.2d 488 , 869 P.2d 1062 (1994); State v. Noble, 171 Ariz. 171 , 829 P.2d 1217 (1992).	1	2001–2001
Collie v. State green fladistctapp · 1998 1 sentence 2001See Roe v. Farwell, 999 F.Supp. 174 (D.Mass.1998); State v. Burr, 598 N.W.2d 147 (N.D.1999); State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404 , 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998); People v. Logan, 302 Ill.App.3d 319 , 235 Ill.Dec. 539 , 705 N.E.2d 152 (Ill.App.1998); Collie v. State, 710 So.2d 1000 (Fla.App.1998); State v. Pickens, 558 N.W.2d 396 (Iowa 1997); State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 , 923 P.2d 1024 (1996); State v. Manning, 532 N.W.2d 244 (Minn.App.1995); State v. Ward, 123 Wash.2d 488 , 869 P.2d 1062 (1994); State v. Noble, 171 Ariz. 171 , 829 P.2d 1217 (1992).	1	2001–2001
State v. Cook green ohio · 1998 2 sentences 2001See Roe v. Farwell, 999 F.Supp. 174 (D.Mass.1998); State v. Burr, 598 N.W.2d 147 (N.D.1999); State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404 , 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998); People v. Logan, 302 Ill.App.3d 319 , 235 Ill.Dec. 539 , 705 N.E.2d 152 (Ill.App.1998); Collie v. State, 710 So.2d 1000 (Fla.App.1998); State v. Pickens, 558 N.W.2d 396 (Iowa 1997); State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 , 923 P.2d 1024 (1996); State v. Manning, 532 N.W.2d 244 (Minn.App.1995); State v. Ward, 123 Wash.2d 488 , 869 P.2d 1062 (1994); State v. Noble, 171 Ariz. 171 , 829 P.2d 1217 (1992). 2001See Roe v. Farwell, 999 F.Supp. 174 (D.Mass.1998); State v. Burr, 598 N.W.2d 147 (N.D.1999); State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404 , 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998); People v. Logan, 302 Ill.App.3d 319 , 235 Ill.Dec. 539 , 705 N.E.2d 152 (Ill.App.1998); Collie v. State, 710 So.2d 1000 (Fla.App.1998); State v. Pickens, 558 N.W.2d 396 (Iowa 1997); State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 , 923 P.2d 1024 (1996); State v. Manning, 532 N.W.2d 244 (Minn.App.1995); State v. Ward, 123 Wash.2d 488 , 869 P.2d 1062 (1994); State v. Noble, 171 Ariz. 171 , 829 P.2d 1217 (1992).	1	2001–2001

Statutes the citing opinions construe

TX § Tex. Lab. Code § 21.051 (4) TX § Tex. Lab. Code § 21.055 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

MI 29 (2006–2024) CA 28 (1979–2025) NJ 20 (1986–2026) TX 15 (2001–2023) IA 13 (2011–2024) OH 11 (1983–2024) PA 11 (1971–2024) IL 11 (1984–2024) WV 11 (2016–2021) CO 10 (1975–2026) NY 9 (1993–2026) WA 6 (1996–2025) LA 6 (1998–2013) MO 6 (2005–2019) GA 6 (1981–2025) KY 5 (2008–2023) MA 5 (1981–2005) OR 5 (1977–2025) TN 4 (2003–2025) MS 3 (1989–2005) VT 3 (1989–2018) AZ 3 (1987–2005) VA 3 (1976–2025) ID 2 (1992–2023) CT 2 (1996–1998) AL 2 (1995–2001) UT 2 (1999–2022) DC 2 (2001–2007) ME 2 (2001–2013) AK 2 (2014–2023) NV 2 (1998–1998) WI 2 (1987–1994) FL 2 (2020–2022) AR 2 (1999–2019) MD 2 (1983–2000)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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