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14 Kansas opinions name it 2 courts 1882–2014 0 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Kansas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
United States v. Nicholas Mendozagreen2 sentences2014See United States v. Mendoza, 468 F.3d 1256, 1261-63 (10th Cir. 2006). 2014See United States v. Mendoza, 468 F.3d 1256, 1261-63 (10th Cir. 2006). | 4 | 4 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Kansas. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
McNeil v. Jordan
green
2 sentences1925In case of McNeil v. Jordan, 28 Kan. 7 , the syllabus reads: “While it is the general rule that open, notorious, unequivocal and exclusive possession of real estate under an apparent claim of ownership is notice to the world of whatever claim the possessor asserts, whether such claim be legal or equitable in its nature, yet this rule' does not apply to a vendor remaining in possession, so as to require a purchaser from his grantee to inquire whether he has reserved any interest in the land conveyed. 1912We therefore think he can not claim to be an innocent and bona fide purchaser of his said mortgage interests.” (p. 292.) In M’Neil v. Jordan, 28 Kan. 7 , the rule making open, notorious, unequivocal and exclusive possession under an apparent claim of ownership notice to the world was held not to apply to a vendor remaining in possession. | 2 | 1912–1925 |
Ryan v. Leavenworth, Atchison & Northwestern Railway Co.
green
2 sentences1950Co., et al., 21 Kan. 365 .) There we said: “The circumstances under which the fraud was discovered do not constitute any part of the cause of action, and need not be stated, even where a discoveiy must be alleged to avoid the apparent bar of the statute of limitations.” (See, also, Condensing Co. v. Dawkins, 86 Kan. 312 , 120 Pac. 356 , Pickens v. Campbell, 98 Kan. 518 , 159 Pac. 21 .) The bank relies in a large measure on what we said in Schulte v. Westborough, Inc., 163 Kan. 111 , 180 P. 2d 278 . 1950Co., et al., 21 Kan. 365 .) There we said: "The circumstances under which the fraud was discovered do not constitute any part of the cause of action, and need not be stated, even where a discovery must be alleged to avoid the apparent bar of the statute of limitations." (See, also, Condensing Co. v. Dawkins, 86 Kan. 312 , 120 Pac. 356 , Pickens v. Campbell, 98 Kan. 518 , 159 Pac. 21 .) The bank relies in a large measure on what we said in Schulte v. Westborough, Inc., 163 Kan. 111 , 180 P.2d 278 . | 1 | 1950–1950 |
Ottawa Condensing Co. v. Dawkins
neutral
2 sentences1950Co., et al., 21 Kan. 365 .) There we said: “The circumstances under which the fraud was discovered do not constitute any part of the cause of action, and need not be stated, even where a discoveiy must be alleged to avoid the apparent bar of the statute of limitations.” (See, also, Condensing Co. v. Dawkins, 86 Kan. 312 , 120 Pac. 356 , Pickens v. Campbell, 98 Kan. 518 , 159 Pac. 21 .) The bank relies in a large measure on what we said in Schulte v. Westborough, Inc., 163 Kan. 111 , 180 P. 2d 278 . 1950Co., et al., 21 Kan. 365 .) There we said: “The circumstances under which the fraud was discovered do not constitute any part of the cause of action, and need not be stated, even where a discoveiy must be alleged to avoid the apparent bar of the statute of limitations.” (See, also, Condensing Co. v. Dawkins, 86 Kan. 312 , 120 Pac. 356 , Pickens v. Campbell, 98 Kan. 518 , 159 Pac. 21 .) The bank relies in a large measure on what we said in Schulte v. Westborough, Inc., 163 Kan. 111 , 180 P. 2d 278 . | 1 | 1950–1950 |
Pickens v. Campbell
neutral
2 sentences1950Co., et al., 21 Kan. 365 .) There we said: “The circumstances under which the fraud was discovered do not constitute any part of the cause of action, and need not be stated, even where a discoveiy must be alleged to avoid the apparent bar of the statute of limitations.” (See, also, Condensing Co. v. Dawkins, 86 Kan. 312 , 120 Pac. 356 , Pickens v. Campbell, 98 Kan. 518 , 159 Pac. 21 .) The bank relies in a large measure on what we said in Schulte v. Westborough, Inc., 163 Kan. 111 , 180 P. 2d 278 . 1950Co., et al., 21 Kan. 365 .) There we said: “The circumstances under which the fraud was discovered do not constitute any part of the cause of action, and need not be stated, even where a discoveiy must be alleged to avoid the apparent bar of the statute of limitations.” (See, also, Condensing Co. v. Dawkins, 86 Kan. 312 , 120 Pac. 356 , Pickens v. Campbell, 98 Kan. 518 , 159 Pac. 21 .) The bank relies in a large measure on what we said in Schulte v. Westborough, Inc., 163 Kan. 111 , 180 P. 2d 278 . | 1 | 1950–1950 |
Schulte v. Westborough, Inc.
green
2 sentences1950Co., et al., 21 Kan. 365 .) There we said: “The circumstances under which the fraud was discovered do not constitute any part of the cause of action, and need not be stated, even where a discoveiy must be alleged to avoid the apparent bar of the statute of limitations.” (See, also, Condensing Co. v. Dawkins, 86 Kan. 312 , 120 Pac. 356 , Pickens v. Campbell, 98 Kan. 518 , 159 Pac. 21 .) The bank relies in a large measure on what we said in Schulte v. Westborough, Inc., 163 Kan. 111 , 180 P. 2d 278 . 1950Co., et al., 21 Kan. 365 .) There we said: “The circumstances under which the fraud was discovered do not constitute any part of the cause of action, and need not be stated, even where a discoveiy must be alleged to avoid the apparent bar of the statute of limitations.” (See, also, Condensing Co. v. Dawkins, 86 Kan. 312 , 120 Pac. 356 , Pickens v. Campbell, 98 Kan. 518 , 159 Pac. 21 .) The bank relies in a large measure on what we said in Schulte v. Westborough, Inc., 163 Kan. 111 , 180 P. 2d 278 . | 1 | 1950–1950 |
Kansas Wheat Growers Ass'n v. Goering
neutral
2 sentences1932The rule announced in the case of Wheat Growers Ass’n v. Goering, 123 Kan. 508 , 256 Pac. 119 , and other cases cited with reference to the right to a trial by jury, has no application where a correction is requested on account of an apparent error of the jury in omitting from its answers certain items. 1932The rule announced in the case of Wheat Growers Ass’n v. Goering, 123 Kan. 508 , 256 Pac. 119 , and other cases cited with reference to the right to a trial by jury, has no application where a correction is requested on account of an apparent error of the jury in omitting from its answers certain items. | 1 | 1932–1932 |
Seals v. Snow
neutral
2 sentences1930(N. Y.) 241; Trust Co. v. Stevenson, 114 Ohio St. 1 , 150 N. E. 726 ; Seals v. Snow, 126 Kan. 246 , 267 Pac. 1105 . 1930(N. Y.) 241; Trust Co. v. Stevenson, 114 Ohio St. 1 , 150 N. E. 726 ; Seals v. Snow, 126 Kan. 246 , 267 Pac. 1105 . | 1 | 1930–1930 |
Hampshire County Trust Co. v. Stevenson
green
2 sentences1930(N. Y.) 241; Trust Co. v. Stevenson, 114 Ohio St. 1 , 150 N. E. 726 ; Seals v. Snow, 126 Kan. 246 , 267 Pac. 1105 . 1930(N. Y.) 241; Trust Co. v. Stevenson, 114 Ohio St. 1 , 150 N. E. 726 ; Seals v. Snow, 126 Kan. 246 , 267 Pac. 1105 . | 1 | 1930–1930 |
Coffin v. United States
green
1 sentence1916(Coffin v. United States, 162 U. S. 664 ; Agnew v. United States, 165 U. S. 36 . | 1 | 1916–1916 |
Agnew v. United States
green
1 sentence1916(Coffin v. United States, 162 U. S. 664 ; Agnew v. United States, 165 U. S. 36 . | 1 | 1916–1916 |
Coffin v. United States
green
1 sentence1916A., n. s., 342; Price v. United States, 218 Fed. 149 ; People v. Cruse, 24 Cal. App. 497 , 141 Pac. 936 ; People v. Fleshman, 26 Cal. App. 788 , 148 Pac. 805 ; State v. Knotts, 168 N. Car. 173, 83 S. E. 972 ; Durham, v. State, 128 Tenn. 636 , 163 S. W. 447 ; Robinson v. Commonwealth, [V a. 1916] 87 S. E. 553 .) An apparent exception is Mullen v. United States, 106 Fed. 892 , but that was influenced by language of the federal supreme court (Coffin v. United States, 156 U. S. 432 ) the effect of which has been modified by later decisions. | 1 | 1916–1916 |
Price v. United States
green
1 sentence1916A., n. s., 342; Price v. United States, 218 Fed. 149 ; People v. Cruse, 24 Cal. App. 497 , 141 Pac. 936 ; People v. Fleshman, 26 Cal. App. 788 , 148 Pac. 805 ; State v. Knotts, 168 N. Car. 173, 83 S. E. 972 ; Durham, v. State, 128 Tenn. 636 , 163 S. W. 447 ; Robinson v. Commonwealth, [V a. 1916] 87 S. E. 553 .) An apparent exception is Mullen v. United States, 106 Fed. 892 , but that was influenced by language of the federal supreme court (Coffin v. United States, 156 U. S. 432 ) the effect of which has been modified by later decisions. | 1 | 1916–1916 |
Mullen v. United States
green
1 sentence1916A., n. s., 342; Price v. United States, 218 Fed. 149 ; People v. Cruse, 24 Cal. App. 497 , 141 Pac. 936 ; People v. Fleshman, 26 Cal. App. 788 , 148 Pac. 805 ; State v. Knotts, 168 N. Car. 173, 83 S. E. 972 ; Durham, v. State, 128 Tenn. 636 , 163 S. W. 447 ; Robinson v. Commonwealth, [V a. 1916] 87 S. E. 553 .) An apparent exception is Mullen v. United States, 106 Fed. 892 , but that was influenced by language of the federal supreme court (Coffin v. United States, 156 U. S. 432 ) the effect of which has been modified by later decisions. | 1 | 1916–1916 |
Durham v. State
green
1 sentence1916A., n. s., 342; Price v. United States, 218 Fed. 149 ; People v. Cruse, 24 Cal. App. 497 , 141 Pac. 936 ; People v. Fleshman, 26 Cal. App. 788 , 148 Pac. 805 ; State v. Knotts, 168 N. Car. 173, 83 S. E. 972 ; Durham, v. State, 128 Tenn. 636 , 163 S. W. 447 ; Robinson v. Commonwealth, [V a. 1916] 87 S. E. 553 .) An apparent exception is Mullen v. United States, 106 Fed. 892 , but that was influenced by language of the federal supreme court (Coffin v. United States, 156 U. S. 432 ) the effect of which has been modified by later decisions. | 1 | 1916–1916 |
State v. . Knotts
green
1 sentence1916A., n. s., 342; Price v. United States, 218 Fed. 149 ; People v. Cruse, 24 Cal. App. 497 , 141 Pac. 936 ; People v. Fleshman, 26 Cal. App. 788 , 148 Pac. 805 ; State v. Knotts, 168 N. Car. 173, 83 S. E. 972 ; Durham, v. State, 128 Tenn. 636 , 163 S. W. 447 ; Robinson v. Commonwealth, [V a. 1916] 87 S. E. 553 .) An apparent exception is Mullen v. United States, 106 Fed. 892 , but that was influenced by language of the federal supreme court (Coffin v. United States, 156 U. S. 432 ) the effect of which has been modified by later decisions. | 1 | 1916–1916 |
Robinson v. Commonwealth
green
1 sentence1916A., n. s., 342; Price v. United States, 218 Fed. 149 ; People v. Cruse, 24 Cal. App. 497 , 141 Pac. 936 ; People v. Fleshman, 26 Cal. App. 788 , 148 Pac. 805 ; State v. Knotts, 168 N. Car. 173, 83 S. E. 972 ; Durham, v. State, 128 Tenn. 636 , 163 S. W. 447 ; Robinson v. Commonwealth, [V a. 1916] 87 S. E. 553 .) An apparent exception is Mullen v. United States, 106 Fed. 892 , but that was influenced by language of the federal supreme court (Coffin v. United States, 156 U. S. 432 ) the effect of which has been modified by later decisions. | 1 | 1916–1916 |
People v. Fleshman
green
2 sentences1916A., n. s., 342; Price v. United States, 218 Fed. 149 ; People v. Cruse, 24 Cal. App. 497 , 141 Pac. 936 ; People v. Fleshman, 26 Cal. App. 788 , 148 Pac. 805 ; State v. Knotts, 168 N. Car. 173, 83 S. E. 972 ; Durham, v. State, 128 Tenn. 636 , 163 S. W. 447 ; Robinson v. Commonwealth, [V a. 1916] 87 S. E. 553 .) An apparent exception is Mullen v. United States, 106 Fed. 892 , but that was influenced by language of the federal supreme court (Coffin v. United States, 156 U. S. 432 ) the effect of which has been modified by later decisions. 1916A., n. s., 342; Price v. United States, 218 Fed. 149 ; People v. Cruse, 24 Cal. App. 497 , 141 Pac. 936 ; People v. Fleshman, 26 Cal. App. 788 , 148 Pac. 805 ; State v. Knotts, 168 N. Car. 173, 83 S. E. 972 ; Durham, v. State, 128 Tenn. 636 , 163 S. W. 447 ; Robinson v. Commonwealth, [V a. 1916] 87 S. E. 553 .) An apparent exception is Mullen v. United States, 106 Fed. 892 , but that was influenced by language of the federal supreme court (Coffin v. United States, 156 U. S. 432 ) the effect of which has been modified by later decisions. | 1 | 1916–1916 |
People v. Cruse
green
2 sentences1916A., n. s., 342; Price v. United States, 218 Fed. 149 ; People v. Cruse, 24 Cal. App. 497 , 141 Pac. 936 ; People v. Fleshman, 26 Cal. App. 788 , 148 Pac. 805 ; State v. Knotts, 168 N. Car. 173, 83 S. E. 972 ; Durham, v. State, 128 Tenn. 636 , 163 S. W. 447 ; Robinson v. Commonwealth, [V a. 1916] 87 S. E. 553 .) An apparent exception is Mullen v. United States, 106 Fed. 892 , but that was influenced by language of the federal supreme court (Coffin v. United States, 156 U. S. 432 ) the effect of which has been modified by later decisions. 1916A., n. s., 342; Price v. United States, 218 Fed. 149 ; People v. Cruse, 24 Cal. App. 497 , 141 Pac. 936 ; People v. Fleshman, 26 Cal. App. 788 , 148 Pac. 805 ; State v. Knotts, 168 N. Car. 173, 83 S. E. 972 ; Durham, v. State, 128 Tenn. 636 , 163 S. W. 447 ; Robinson v. Commonwealth, [V a. 1916] 87 S. E. 553 .) An apparent exception is Mullen v. United States, 106 Fed. 892 , but that was influenced by language of the federal supreme court (Coffin v. United States, 156 U. S. 432 ) the effect of which has been modified by later decisions. | 1 | 1916–1916 |
Bell v. Murray
green
1 sentence1915No one, we suppose, doubts that a property owner may quiet his title against an apparent claim, though it be never so empty, and if he may do this, surely he may by injunction prevent that apparent claim from clouding his title, without delaying until it has assumed that shape.” (pp. 2, 3.) Among the authorities supporting the Indiana supreme court, besides other decisions from that court, are: Bell v. Murray, 13 Colo. App. 217 , 57 Pac. 488 ; Irwin v. Beggs, 24 Colo. App. 158 , 132 Pac. 385 ; The Key City Gas Light Co. v. Munsell, 19 Iowa, 305 ; Moore v. Kleppish, 104 Iowa, 319 , 73 N. W. 830 | 1 | 1915–1915 |
Gay v. Chambers
neutral
1 sentence1915No one, we suppose, doubts that a property owner may quiet his title against an apparent claim, though it be never so empty, and if he may do this, surely he may by injunction prevent that apparent claim from clouding his title, without delaying until it has assumed that shape.” (pp. 2, 3.) Among the authorities supporting the Indiana supreme court, besides other decisions from that court, are: Bell v. Murray, 13 Colo. App. 217 , 57 Pac. 488 ; Irwin v. Beggs, 24 Colo. App. 158 , 132 Pac. 385 ; The Key City Gas Light Co. v. Munsell, 19 Iowa, 305 ; Moore v. Kleppish, 104 Iowa, 319 , 73 N. W. 830 | 1 | 1915–1915 |
Irwin v. Beggs
neutral
1 sentence1915No one, we suppose, doubts that a property owner may quiet his title against an apparent claim, though it be never so empty, and if he may do this, surely he may by injunction prevent that apparent claim from clouding his title, without delaying until it has assumed that shape.” (pp. 2, 3.) Among the authorities supporting the Indiana supreme court, besides other decisions from that court, are: Bell v. Murray, 13 Colo. App. 217 , 57 Pac. 488 ; Irwin v. Beggs, 24 Colo. App. 158 , 132 Pac. 385 ; The Key City Gas Light Co. v. Munsell, 19 Iowa, 305 ; Moore v. Kleppish, 104 Iowa, 319 , 73 N. W. 830 | 1 | 1915–1915 |
Carrel v. Meek
neutral
2 sentences1915Dec. 437 , and Note; Carrel v. Meek, 155 Mo. App. 337, 340 , 137 S. W. 19 , and other decisions from that court; Cline Piano Co. v. Sherwood, 57 Wash. 239 , 106 Pac. 742 . 1915Dec. 437 , and Note; Carrel v. Meek, 155 Mo. App. 337, 340 , 137 S. W. 19 , and other decisions from that court; Cline Piano Co. v. Sherwood, 57 Wash. 239 , 106 Pac. 742 . | 1 | 1915–1915 |
Cline Piano Co. v. Sherwood
neutral
2 sentences1915Dec. 437 , and Note; Carrel v. Meek, 155 Mo. App. 337, 340 , 137 S. W. 19 , and other decisions from that court; Cline Piano Co. v. Sherwood, 57 Wash. 239 , 106 Pac. 742 . 1915Dec. 437 , and Note; Carrel v. Meek, 155 Mo. App. 337, 340 , 137 S. W. 19 , and other decisions from that court; Cline Piano Co. v. Sherwood, 57 Wash. 239 , 106 Pac. 742 . | 1 | 1915–1915 |
Key City Gas Light Co. v. Munsell
neutral
1 sentence1915No one, we suppose, doubts that a property owner may quiet his title against an apparent claim, though it be never so empty, and if he may do this, surely he may by injunction prevent that apparent claim from clouding his title, without delaying until it has assumed that shape.” (pp. 2, 3.) Among the authorities supporting the Indiana supreme court, besides other decisions from that court, are: Bell v. Murray, 13 Colo. App. 217 , 57 Pac. 488 ; Irwin v. Beggs, 24 Colo. App. 158 , 132 Pac. 385 ; The Key City Gas Light Co. v. Munsell, 19 Iowa, 305 ; Moore v. Kleppish, 104 Iowa, 319 , 73 N. W. 830 | 1 | 1915–1915 |
Moore v. Kleppish
neutral
2 sentences1915No one, we suppose, doubts that a property owner may quiet his title against an apparent claim, though it be never so empty, and if he may do this, surely he may by injunction prevent that apparent claim from clouding his title, without delaying until it has assumed that shape.” (pp. 2, 3.) Among the authorities supporting the Indiana supreme court, besides other decisions from that court, are: Bell v. Murray, 13 Colo. App. 217 , 57 Pac. 488 ; Irwin v. Beggs, 24 Colo. App. 158 , 132 Pac. 385 ; The Key City Gas Light Co. v. Munsell, 19 Iowa, 305 ; Moore v. Kleppish, 104 Iowa, 319 , 73 N. W. 830 1915No one, we suppose, doubts that a property owner may quiet his title against an apparent claim, though it be never so empty, and if he may do this, surely he may by injunction prevent that apparent claim from clouding his title, without delaying until it has assumed that shape.” (pp. 2, 3.) Among the authorities supporting the Indiana supreme court, besides other decisions from that court, are: Bell v. Murray, 13 Colo. App. 217 , 57 Pac. 488 ; Irwin v. Beggs, 24 Colo. App. 158 , 132 Pac. 385 ; The Key City Gas Light Co. v. Munsell, 19 Iowa, 305 ; Moore v. Kleppish, 104 Iowa, 319 , 73 N. W. 830 | 1 | 1915–1915 |
Hockman v. Thuma
green
2 sentences1912It was said: “The- object of the law in holding possession constructive notice is to protect the possessor from the acts of others who do not derive their title from him, not to protect him against his own acts, not to protect him against his own deed.” (p. 16.) To the same effect are Hockman v. Thuma, 68 Kan. 519 , 75 Pac. 486 , and Dotson v. Railway Co., 81 Kan. 816 , 106 Pac. 1045 . 1912It was said: “The- object of the law in holding possession constructive notice is to protect the possessor from the acts of others who do not derive their title from him, not to protect him against his own acts, not to protect him against his own deed.” (p. 16.) To the same effect are Hockman v. Thuma, 68 Kan. 519 , 75 Pac. 486 , and Dotson v. Railway Co., 81 Kan. 816 , 106 Pac. 1045 . | 1 | 1912–1912 |
Dotson v. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Co.
green
2 sentences1912It was said: “The- object of the law in holding possession constructive notice is to protect the possessor from the acts of others who do not derive their title from him, not to protect him against his own acts, not to protect him against his own deed.” (p. 16.) To the same effect are Hockman v. Thuma, 68 Kan. 519 , 75 Pac. 486 , and Dotson v. Railway Co., 81 Kan. 816 , 106 Pac. 1045 . 1912It was said: “The- object of the law in holding possession constructive notice is to protect the possessor from the acts of others who do not derive their title from him, not to protect him against his own acts, not to protect him against his own deed.” (p. 16.) To the same effect are Hockman v. Thuma, 68 Kan. 519 , 75 Pac. 486 , and Dotson v. Railway Co., 81 Kan. 816 , 106 Pac. 1045 . | 1 | 1912–1912 |
Moore v. Reaves
neutral
2 sentences1896(Moore v. Reaves, 15 Kan. 150 ; Johnson v. Clark, 18 id. 157 ; School District v. Taylor, 19 id. 287 ; Tucker v. Vandermark, 21 id. 263 ; Bruce v. McBee, 23 id. 382; McNeil v. Jordan, 28 id. 16; Deetjen v. Richter, 33 id. 414.) Under these circumstances it was incumbent upon the plaintiff to inquire, and to pursue its inquiry until it ascertained the nature of the possessor’s claim, and failing to do so, the law treats it precisely as though it had so acted and learned all that might have been ascertained thereof. ' Milotte purchased, therefore, subject to all the equities of Mrs. Fulton, and 1896(Moore v. Reaves, 15 Kan. 150 ; Johnson v. Clark, 18 id. 157 ; School District v. Taylor, 19 id. 287 ; Tucker v. Vandermark, 21 id. 263 ; Bruce v. McBee, 23 id. 382; McNeil v. Jordan, 28 id. 16; Deetjen v. Richter, 33 id. 414.) Under these circumstances it was incumbent upon the plaintiff to inquire, and to pursue its inquiry until it ascertained the nature of the possessor’s claim, and failing to do so, the law treats it precisely as though it had so acted and learned all that might have been ascertained thereof. ' Milotte purchased, therefore, subject to all the equities of Mrs. Fulton, and | 1 | 1896–1896 |
Greer v. Higgins
neutral
1 sentence1896(Greer v. Higgins, 20 Kan. 420 .) It is well established that open, notorious and exclusive possession of real estate under an apparent claim of ownership is notice to the world of whatever claim the possessor asserts, whether such claim is legal or equitable. | 1 | 1896–1896 |
| Hoofnagle v. Anderson green | 1 | 1895–1895 |
| Cooper v. Roberts green | 1 | 1895–1895 |
| French v. Fyan green | 1 | 1895–1895 |
| Johnson v. Clark neutral | 1 | 1895–1895 |
| Foss v. Hinkell neutral | 1 | 1895–1895 |
| Tucker v. Vandermark neutral | 1 | 1882–1882 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.