Penn Central factors (Minnesota) · Go Syfert
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Penn Central factors in Minnesota

10 Minnesota opinions name it 2 courts 1996–2025 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Minnesota courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (13)

CaseFollowedCited
Wensmann Realty, Inc. v. City of Eagangreen
minn · 2007 · cited in 4 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 2010–2018
2 sentences

2018The portion of the Wensmann Realty opinion that was cited by the district court is concerned only with the first factor of the Penn Central test, "[t]he economic impact of the regulation on the claimant." Wensmann Realty , 734 N.W.2d at 635 (citing Penn Central , 438 U.S. at 124 , 98 S.Ct. at 2659 ).

2018The portion of the Wensmann Realty opinion that was cited by the district court is concerned only with the first factor of the Penn Central test, "[t]he economic impact of the regulation on the claimant." Wensmann Realty , 734 N.W.2d at 635 (citing Penn Central , 438 U.S. at 124 , 98 S.Ct. at 2659 ).

34
Johnson v. City of Minneapolisgreen
minn · 2003 · cited in 3 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 2007–2025
2 sentences

2010Likewise, in Johnson v. City of Minneapolis, 667 N.W.2d 109 (Minn.2003), the supreme court stated that even if a takings claim fails under the United States Constitution based on a Penn Central analysis, the property owner may be entitled to compensation under the Minnesota Constitution, based on its more restrictive language.

2010Likewise, in Johnson v. City of Minneapolis, 667 N.W.2d 109 (Minn.2003), the supreme court stated that even if a takings claim fails under the United States Constitution based on a Penn Central analysis, the property owner may be entitled to compensation under the Minnesota Constitution, based on its more restrictive language.

23
Woodbury Place Partners v. City of Woodburygreen
minnctapp · 1992 · cited in 2 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 1996–2018
2 sentences

2018See Palazzolo , 533 U.S. at 630 , 632 , 121 S.Ct. at 2464-65 (remanding to district court for application of Penn Central test to partial regulatory takings claim); Woodbury Place Partners v. City of Woodbury , 492 N.W.2d 258 , 263 (Minn. App. 1992) (same), review denied (Minn. Jan. 15, 1993).

2018See Palazzolo , 533 U.S. at 630 , 632 , 121 S.Ct. at 2464-65 (remanding to district court for application of Penn Central test to partial regulatory takings claim); Woodbury Place Partners v. City of Woodbury , 492 N.W.2d 258 , 263 (Minn. App. 1992) (same), review denied (Minn. Jan. 15, 1993).

12
Westling v. County of Mille Lacsgreen
minn · 1998 · cited in 2 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 2010–2012
2 sentences

2012Co. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104, 124 , 98 S.Ct. 2646, 2659 , 57 L.Ed.2d 631 (1978); see also Wensmann Realty, 734 N.W.2d at 633 (considering the Penn Central factors); 3 Johnson, 667 N.W.2d at 114-15 (same); Westling, 581 N.W.2d at 823 (same). “[T]he Penn Central inquiry turns in large part, albeit not exclusively, upon the magnitude of a regulation’s economic impact and the degree to which it interferes with legitimate property interests.” Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A., Inc., 544 U.S. 528, 540 , 125 S.Ct. 2074, 2082 , 161 L.Ed.2d 876 (2005).

2012Co. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104, 124 , 98 S.Ct. 2646, 2659 , 57 L.Ed.2d 631 (1978); see also Wensmann Realty, 734 N.W.2d at 633 (considering the Penn Central factors); 3 Johnson, 667 N.W.2d at 114-15 (same); Westling, 581 N.W.2d at 823 (same). “[T]he Penn Central inquiry turns in large part, albeit not exclusively, upon the magnitude of a regulation’s economic impact and the degree to which it interferes with legitimate property interests.” Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A., Inc., 544 U.S. 528, 540 , 125 S.Ct. 2074, 2082 , 161 L.Ed.2d 876 (2005).

12
DeCook v. Rochester International Airport Joint Zoning Boardgreen
minn · 2011 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025And even if Fletcher had argued for application of the DeCook test instead of the Penn Central test, we have explained that the DeCook test applies “[w]hen an airport ordinance regulates land use within runway safety zones.” DeCook, 796 N.W.2d at 307 .

2025And even if Fletcher had argued for application of the DeCook test instead of the Penn Central test, we have explained that the DeCook test applies “[w]hen an airport ordinance regulates land use within runway safety zones.” DeCook, 796 N.W.2d at 307 .

11
Palazzolo v. Rhode Islandgreen
scotus · 2001 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
2 sentences

2018See Palazzolo , 533 U.S. at 630 , 632 , 121 S.Ct. at 2464-65 (remanding to district court for application of Penn Central test to partial regulatory takings claim); Woodbury Place Partners v. City of Woodbury , 492 N.W.2d 258 , 263 (Minn. App. 1992) (same), review denied (Minn. Jan. 15, 1993).

2018See Palazzolo , 533 U.S. at 630 , 632 , 121 S.Ct. at 2464-65 (remanding to district court for application of Penn Central test to partial regulatory takings claim); Woodbury Place Partners v. City of Woodbury , 492 N.W.2d 258 , 263 (Minn. App. 1992) (same), review denied (Minn. Jan. 15, 1993).

11
Krahl v. Nine Mile Creek Watershed Districtgreen
minn · 1979 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See, e.g., Wes tling, 581 N.W.2d at 823-24 ; Zeman, 552 N.W.2d at 552 ; Pratt v. State Dep’t of Natural Res., 309 N.W.2d 767, 774 (Minn. 1981); State by Powderly v. Erickson, 285 N.W.2d 84, 90 (Minn.1979); Krahl v. Nine Mile Creek Watershed Dist., 283 N.W.2d 538, 543 (Minn.1979).

2007See, e.g., Wes tling, 581 N.W.2d at 823-24 ; Zeman, 552 N.W.2d at 552 ; Pratt v. State Dep’t of Natural Res., 309 N.W.2d 767, 774 (Minn. 1981); State by Powderly v. Erickson, 285 N.W.2d 84, 90 (Minn.1979); Krahl v. Nine Mile Creek Watershed Dist., 283 N.W.2d 538, 543 (Minn.1979).

11
State Ex Rel. Powderly v. Ericksongreen
minn · 1979 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See, e.g., Wes tling, 581 N.W.2d at 823-24 ; Zeman, 552 N.W.2d at 552 ; Pratt v. State Dep’t of Natural Res., 309 N.W.2d 767, 774 (Minn. 1981); State by Powderly v. Erickson, 285 N.W.2d 84, 90 (Minn.1979); Krahl v. Nine Mile Creek Watershed Dist., 283 N.W.2d 538, 543 (Minn.1979).

2007See, e.g., Wes tling, 581 N.W.2d at 823-24 ; Zeman, 552 N.W.2d at 552 ; Pratt v. State Dep’t of Natural Res., 309 N.W.2d 767, 774 (Minn. 1981); State by Powderly v. Erickson, 285 N.W.2d 84, 90 (Minn.1979); Krahl v. Nine Mile Creek Watershed Dist., 283 N.W.2d 538, 543 (Minn.1979).

11
Zeman v. City of Minneapolisgreen
minn · 1996 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See, e.g., Wes tling, 581 N.W.2d at 823-24 ; Zeman, 552 N.W.2d at 552 ; Pratt v. State Dep’t of Natural Res., 309 N.W.2d 767, 774 (Minn. 1981); State by Powderly v. Erickson, 285 N.W.2d 84, 90 (Minn.1979); Krahl v. Nine Mile Creek Watershed Dist., 283 N.W.2d 538, 543 (Minn.1979).

2007See, e.g., Wes tling, 581 N.W.2d at 823-24 ; Zeman, 552 N.W.2d at 552 ; Pratt v. State Dep’t of Natural Res., 309 N.W.2d 767, 774 (Minn. 1981); State by Powderly v. Erickson, 285 N.W.2d 84, 90 (Minn.1979); Krahl v. Nine Mile Creek Watershed Dist., 283 N.W.2d 538, 543 (Minn.1979).

11
Pratt v. State, Department of Natural Resourcesgreen
minn · 1981 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See, e.g., Wes tling, 581 N.W.2d at 823-24 ; Zeman, 552 N.W.2d at 552 ; Pratt v. State Dep’t of Natural Res., 309 N.W.2d 767, 774 (Minn. 1981); State by Powderly v. Erickson, 285 N.W.2d 84, 90 (Minn.1979); Krahl v. Nine Mile Creek Watershed Dist., 283 N.W.2d 538, 543 (Minn.1979).

2007See, e.g., Wes tling, 581 N.W.2d at 823-24 ; Zeman, 552 N.W.2d at 552 ; Pratt v. State Dep’t of Natural Res., 309 N.W.2d 767, 774 (Minn. 1981); State by Powderly v. Erickson, 285 N.W.2d 84, 90 (Minn.1979); Krahl v. Nine Mile Creek Watershed Dist., 283 N.W.2d 538, 543 (Minn.1979).

11
Johnson v. City of Minneapolisgreen
minnctapp · 2002 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
1 sentence

2003See Johnson, 649 N.W.2d at 884 .

11
Kirby Forest Industries, Inc. v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1984 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002Appellants claim, therefore, that this case is similar to Kirby Forest Indus., Inc. v. United States, 467 U.S. 1 , 104 S.Ct. 2187 , 81 L.Ed.2d 1 (1984), where the United States Supreme Court found that no tak *880 ing occurred under the Penn Central standard because the government did not significantly interfere with the property owner’s use of its property. 1 In Penn Central, the United States Supreme Court reviewed New York City’s Landmarks Preservation Law, which was enacted to meet concerns that historic buildings were being destroyed without sufficient consideration of their historic, cul

2002Appellants claim, therefore, that this case is similar to Kirby Forest Indus., Inc. v. United States, 467 U.S. 1 , 104 S.Ct. 2187 , 81 L.Ed.2d 1 (1984), where the United States Supreme Court found that no tak *880 ing occurred under the Penn Central standard because the government did not significantly interfere with the property owner’s use of its property. 1 In Penn Central, the United States Supreme Court reviewed New York City’s Landmarks Preservation Law, which was enacted to meet concerns that historic buildings were being destroyed without sufficient consideration of their historic, cul

11
Zeman v. City of Minneapolisgreen
minnctapp · 1996 · cited in 1 Minnesota opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996Zeman v. City of Minneapolis, 540 N.W.2d 532, 536 (Minn.App.1995).

1996Zeman v. City of Minneapolis, 540 N.W.2d 532, 536 (Minn.App.1995).

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Minnesota. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (3)

CaseCitedYears
Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City green
scotus · 1978
2 sentences

2018The portion of the Wensmann Realty opinion that was cited by the district court is concerned only with the first factor of the Penn Central test, "[t]he economic impact of the regulation on the claimant." Wensmann Realty , 734 N.W.2d at 635 (citing Penn Central , 438 U.S. at 124 , 98 S.Ct. at 2659 ).

2018The portion of the Wensmann Realty opinion that was cited by the district court is concerned only with the first factor of the Penn Central test, "[t]he economic impact of the regulation on the claimant." Wensmann Realty , 734 N.W.2d at 635 (citing Penn Central , 438 U.S. at 124 , 98 S.Ct. at 2659 ).

51996–2018
Lingle v. Chevron U. S. A. Inc. green
scotus · 2005
2 sentences

2012Co. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104, 124 , 98 S.Ct. 2646, 2659 , 57 L.Ed.2d 631 (1978); see also Wensmann Realty, 734 N.W.2d at 633 (considering the Penn Central factors); 3 Johnson, 667 N.W.2d at 114-15 (same); Westling, 581 N.W.2d at 823 (same). “[T]he Penn Central inquiry turns in large part, albeit not exclusively, upon the magnitude of a regulation’s economic impact and the degree to which it interferes with legitimate property interests.” Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A., Inc., 544 U.S. 528, 540 , 125 S.Ct. 2074, 2082 , 161 L.Ed.2d 876 (2005).

2012Co. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104, 124 , 98 S.Ct. 2646, 2659 , 57 L.Ed.2d 631 (1978); see also Wensmann Realty, 734 N.W.2d at 633 (considering the Penn Central factors); 3 Johnson, 667 N.W.2d at 114-15 (same); Westling, 581 N.W.2d at 823 (same). “[T]he Penn Central inquiry turns in large part, albeit not exclusively, upon the magnitude of a regulation’s economic impact and the degree to which it interferes with legitimate property interests.” Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A., Inc., 544 U.S. 528, 540 , 125 S.Ct. 2074, 2082 , 161 L.Ed.2d 876 (2005).

22007–2012
Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council green
scotus · 1992
2 sentences

2002Coastal Council, 505 U.S. 1003, 1015 , 112 S.Ct. 2886, 2893 , 120 L.Ed.2d 798 (1992) (describing a per se exception to the Penn Central analysis that applies when the governmental activity “denies all economically beneficial or productive use of land”).

2002Coastal Council, 505 U.S. 1003, 1015 , 112 S.Ct. 2886, 2893 , 120 L.Ed.2d 798 (1992) (describing a per se exception to the Penn Central analysis that applies when the governmental activity “denies all economically beneficial or productive use of land”).

12002–2002

Where else courts name it

TX 40 (2007–2025) CA 24 (1984–2025) OH 14 (2007–2026) MN 10 (1996–2025) FL 10 (2001–2025) NY 8 (1989–2026) SC 8 (2003–2026) MA 8 (2004–2025) MT 7 (2008–2022) MI 7 (2005–2025) RI 6 (2000–2020) NJ 6 (2006–2025) ND 5 (2005–2022) IA 5 (2017–2023) WA 4 (2005–2019) OR 4 (2005–2010) AZ 4 (2004–2012) GA 4 (2007–2021) PA 3 (1985–2008) MD 3 (1971–1979) IL 3 (2006–2025) TN 3 (2005–2018) MO 2 (1978–2007) DC 2 (2011–2024) AL 2 (2004–2012) IN 2 (2017–2023) AK 2 (2001–2002) NV 2 (2015–2015)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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