impact error (New York) · Go Syfert
← New York issues

impact error in New York

33 New York opinions name it 8 courts 1951–2026 9 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (26)

CaseFollowedCited
Carrington v. Northwell Healthgreen
nyappdiv · 2025 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025Co. , 200 AD3d 890 , 891). ( Carrington v Northwell Health , — AD3d —, 2025 NY Slip Op 00079, *1 [2d Dept 2025].) This Court was unable to locate authority regarding the impact of a bar association's President's duties on his legal practice in terms of meeting deadlines, but does note the authority that illness on the part of an attorney may be considered in determining whether to excuse a delay.

2025Co. , 200 AD3d 890 , 891). ( Carrington v Northwell Health , — AD3d &mdash, 2025 NY Slip Op 00079, *1 [2d Dept 2025].) This Court was unable to locate authority regarding the impact of a bar association's President's duties on his legal practice in terms of meeting deadlines, but does note the authority that illness on the part of an attorney may be considered in determining whether to excuse a delay.

22
People v. Jonesgreen
ny · 1989 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
2 sentences

2020Although it is well settled that "'a court may take judicial notice of facts which are capable of immediate and accurate determination by resort to easily accessible sources of undisputable accuracy'" ( Hamilton v Miller , 23 NY3d 592, 603 [2014], quoting People v Jones , 73 NY2d 427, 431 [1989]), judicial notice of a fact is improper when it is "from a hearsay source or from unidentifiable or nonindisputable sources outside the record or at a time subsequent to the close of testimony" ( People v Jones , 73 NY2d at 432 ; see CRG at Arnot Mall, Inc. v Feehan , 177 AD3d 1135 , 1137 [2019] [stati

2020Although it is well settled that "'a court may take judicial notice of facts which are capable of immediate and accurate determination by resort to easily accessible sources of undisputable accuracy'" ( Hamilton v Miller , 23 NY3d 592, 603 [2014], quoting People v Jones , 73 NY2d 427, 431 [1989]), judicial notice of a fact is improper when it is "from a hearsay source or from unidentifiable or nonindisputable sources outside the record or at a time subsequent to the close of testimony" ( People v Jones , 73 NY2d at 432 ; see CRG at Arnot Mall, Inc. v Feehan , 177 AD3d 1135 , 1137 [2019] [stati

22
Hamilton v. Millergreen
ny · 2014 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
2 sentences

2020Although it is well settled that "'a court may take judicial notice of facts which are capable of immediate and accurate determination by resort to easily accessible sources of undisputable accuracy'" ( Hamilton v Miller , 23 NY3d 592, 603 [2014], quoting People v Jones , 73 NY2d 427, 431 [1989]), judicial notice of a fact is improper when it is "from a hearsay source or from unidentifiable or nonindisputable sources outside the record or at a time subsequent to the close of testimony" ( People v Jones , 73 NY2d at 432 ; see CRG at Arnot Mall, Inc. v Feehan , 177 AD3d 1135 , 1137 [2019] [stati

2020Although it is well settled that "'a court may take judicial notice of facts which are capable of immediate and accurate determination by resort to easily accessible sources of undisputable accuracy'" ( Hamilton v Miller , 23 NY3d 592, 603 [2014], quoting People v Jones , 73 NY2d 427, 431 [1989]), judicial notice of a fact is improper when it is "from a hearsay source or from unidentifiable or nonindisputable sources outside the record or at a time subsequent to the close of testimony" ( People v Jones , 73 NY2d at 432 ; see CRG at Arnot Mall, Inc. v Feehan , 177 AD3d 1135 , 1137 [2019] [stati

22
People v. Durhamgreen
nyappdiv · 2013 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Accordingly, defendant’s challenge to the sufficiency of his plea is foreclosed by his valid waiver of appeal (see People v Osgood, 111 AD3d at 1030; People v Durham, 110 AD3d 1145, 1145 [2013]).

2014Accordingly, defendant’s challenge to the sufficiency of his plea is foreclosed by his valid waiver of appeal (see People v Osgood, 111 AD3d at 1030; People v Durham, 110 AD3d 1145, 1145 [2013]).

22
People v. Osgoodgreen
nyappdiv · 2013 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Initially, we are unpersuaded by defendant’s challenge to the validity of his appeal waiver; County Court adequately informed him that his right to appeal was separate from the other rights automatically forfeited upon a guilty plea, the written appeal waiver he executed in open court similarly informed him of that fact, and he was provided with ample time to confer with counsel to ensure that he fully understood the impact of his waiver (see People v Campbell, 114 AD3d 996, 997 [2014]; People v Osgood, 111 AD3d 1029 , 1030 [2013], lv denied 22 NY3d 1089 [2014]).

2014Initially, we are unpersuaded by defendant’s challenge to the validity of his appeal waiver; County Court adequately informed him that his right to appeal was separate from the other rights automatically forfeited upon a guilty plea, the written appeal waiver he executed in open court similarly informed him of that fact, and he was provided with ample time to confer with counsel to ensure that he fully understood the impact of his waiver (see People v Campbell, 114 AD3d 996, 997 [2014]; People v Osgood, 111 AD3d 1029 , 1030 [2013], lv denied 22 NY3d 1089 [2014]).

22
People v. Campbellgreen
nyappdiv · 2014 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Initially, we are unpersuaded by defendant’s challenge to the validity of his appeal waiver; County Court adequately informed him that his right to appeal was separate from the other rights automatically forfeited upon a guilty plea, the written appeal waiver he executed in open court similarly informed him of that fact, and he was provided with ample time to confer with counsel to ensure that he fully understood the impact of his waiver (see People v Campbell, 114 AD3d 996, 997 [2014]; People v Osgood, 111 AD3d 1029 , 1030 [2013], lv denied 22 NY3d 1089 [2014]).

2014Initially, we are unpersuaded by defendant’s challenge to the validity of his appeal waiver; County Court adequately informed him that his right to appeal was separate from the other rights automatically forfeited upon a guilty plea, the written appeal waiver he executed in open court similarly informed him of that fact, and he was provided with ample time to confer with counsel to ensure that he fully understood the impact of his waiver (see People v Campbell, 114 AD3d 996, 997 [2014]; People v Osgood, 111 AD3d 1029 , 1030 [2013], lv denied 22 NY3d 1089 [2014]).

22
Hoffman v. Parade Publicationsgreen
ny · 2010 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2025–2026
2 sentences

2026Indeed, the Court of Appeals in Hoffman v Parade Publs . ( 15 NY3d 285 [2010]), adopted an impact test for nonresidents who seek the protection of the City HRL and found that test "relatively simple for courts to apply and litigants to follow, leads to predictable results, and confines the protections of the City HRL to those who are meant to be protected—those who work in the city" ( id . at 291; see also Vangas v Montefiore Med.

2025Indeed, the Hoffman Court held that "the impact requirement does not exclude all nonresidents from [the] protection" of the Human Rights Law ( 15 NY3d 285, 290 [2010]).

12
Vangas v. Montefiore Medical Centergreen
ca2 · 2016 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026Ctr. , 823 F3d 174, 182 [2d Cir 2016]).

11
People v. Grudengreen
ny · 1977 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026Thus, the three-year delay, during which R.G. died, prejudiced defendant to the benefit of the prosecution.</p> <p>While the dissent would remand this appeal for a fact-finding hearing rather than decide defendant's motion to dismiss today, this approach would unnecessarily prolong this proceeding and give the prosecution an unwarranted second opportunity to marshal facts where they already failed to meet their threshold burden of "rais[ing] a factual dispute on a material point" (<i>see </i>dissenting op at 4-5, citing <i>People v Gruden</i>, 42 NY2d 214, 215 [1977] [holding, in a statutory s

11
People Ex Rel. Geer v. Common Council of Troygreen
ny · 1880 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025Geer v Common Council of Troy , 82 NY 575, 576 [1880] ["We do not decide mere abstract questions from the determination of which no practical result can follow"]).

2025Geer v Common Council of Troy , 82 NY 575, 576 [1880] ["We do not decide mere abstract questions from the determination of which no practical result can follow"]).

11
Comstock v. Wilsongreen
ny · 1931 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025In adopting the slight impact rule, the Comstock Court again noted "the practical consideration that where there has been no physical contact there is danger that fictitious claims may be fabricated" (257 NY at 239).

2025In adopting the slight impact rule, the Comstock Court again noted "the practical consideration that where there has been no physical contact there is danger that fictitious claims may be fabricated" (257 NY at 239).

11
Hearst Corp. v. Clynegreen
ny · 1980 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025The impact an error from an expired permanency hearing order might have in subsequent permanency hearings is not only entirely speculative, but the potential resolution of that error—long after its occurrence—is not an "immediate consequence" of the underlying order that would "directly affect[ ]" the rights of the parties ( Matter of Hearst Corp. , 50 NY2d at 714; see People ex rel.

2025The impact an error from an expired permanency hearing order might have in subsequent permanency hearings is not only entirely speculative, but the potential resolution of that error—long after its occurrence—is not an "immediate consequence" of the underlying order that would "directly affect[ ]" the rights of the parties ( Matter of Hearst Corp. , 50 NY2d at 714 ; see People ex rel.

11
Syeed v. Bloomberg L.P.green
ca2 · 2023 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Chau v Donovan, 357 F Supp 3d 276, 283-284 [SD NY 2019]; Anderson v HotelsAB, LLC, 2015 WL 5008771 , *3-4, 2015 US Dist LEXIS 111820 , *10-12 [SD NY, Aug. 24, 2015, No. 15CV712 (LTS-JLC)]). -3- -4- No. 20 The Second Circuit reserved decision on plaintiff’s appeal and certified the following question to this Court: “Whether a nonresident plaintiff not yet employed in New York City or State satisfies the impact requirement of the New York City Human Rights Law or the New York State Human Rights Law if the plaintiff pleads and later proves that an employer deprived the plaintiff of a New York Cit

11
Kreutter v. McFadden Oil Corp.green
ny · 1988 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Relevant factors include the impact of our rule on parties to a potential acquisition, whether imputing jurisdiction fairly reflects the reasonable assumptions and expectations of the parties to such transactions, whether doing so induces responsible parties to internalize responsibility for risks they create, and the impact of imputing jurisdiction on those injured by a predecessor’s acts (see Grant-Howard, 63 NY2d at 296-297 ; Semenetz, 7 NY3d at 200-201 ; see also Kreutter, 71 NY2d at 471-472 [declining to adopt fiduciary shield limit on personal jurisdiction where unnecessary as a matter o

11
Fung v. Uddingreen
nyappdiv · 2009 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
1 sentence

2013“The error . . . cannot be considered harmless, as it bore on the ultimate issue to be determined by the jury (see Cheul Soo Kang v Violante, 60 AD3d at 992; Noakes u Rosa, 54 AD3d 317 [2008]; Hatton v Gassier, 219 AD2d 697 [1995]; Gagliano v Vaccaro, 97 AD2d 430 [1983]; Murray v Donlan, 77 AD2d 337 [1980])” (Sanchez v Steenson, 101 AD3d 982, 983 [2012]; see also Conners v Duck’s Cesspool Serv., 144 AD2d 329 [1988]).

11
Sanchez v. Steensongreen
nyappdiv · 2012 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
1 sentence

2013“The error . . . cannot be considered harmless, as it bore on the ultimate issue to be determined by the jury (see Cheul Soo Kang v Violante, 60 AD3d at 992; Noakes u Rosa, 54 AD3d 317 [2008]; Hatton v Gassier, 219 AD2d 697 [1995]; Gagliano v Vaccaro, 97 AD2d 430 [1983]; Murray v Donlan, 77 AD2d 337 [1980])” (Sanchez v Steenson, 101 AD3d 982, 983 [2012]; see also Conners v Duck’s Cesspool Serv., 144 AD2d 329 [1988]).

11
Conners v. Duck's Cesspool Service, Ltd.green
nyappdiv · 1988 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
1 sentence

2013“The error . . . cannot be considered harmless, as it bore on the ultimate issue to be determined by the jury (see Cheul Soo Kang v Violante, 60 AD3d at 992; Noakes u Rosa, 54 AD3d 317 [2008]; Hatton v Gassier, 219 AD2d 697 [1995]; Gagliano v Vaccaro, 97 AD2d 430 [1983]; Murray v Donlan, 77 AD2d 337 [1980])” (Sanchez v Steenson, 101 AD3d 982, 983 [2012]; see also Conners v Duck’s Cesspool Serv., 144 AD2d 329 [1988]).

11
People v. Hardygreen
ny · 2005 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
Delaware v. Van Arsdallgreen
scotus · 1986 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
People v. Kimesgreen
nyappdiv · 2006 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
People v. Crimminsgreen
ny · 1975 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
1 sentence

2007(People v Crimmins, 36 NY2d 230, 240 [1975].) Reversal is required if there is any “reasonable possibility that the erroneously admitted evidence contributed to the conviction.” (People v Hamlin, 71 NY2d 750, 756 [1988].) For the reasons stated in Watson II , this court finds that the Crawford error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.

11
People v. Hamlingreen
ny · 1988 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
Jeanine B. Ex Rel. Blondis v. Thompsongreen
wied · 1995 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998
11
Dodson v. Planning Board of Town of Highlandsgreen
nyappdiv · 1990 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1991–1991
11
Beaty v. Buckeye Fabric Finishing Co.green
ared · 1959 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1984–1984
11
Rochette & Parzini Corp. v. Campogreen
ny · 1950 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1953–1953
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (40)

CaseCitedYears
Battalla v. State green
ny · 1961
2 sentences

1989While in both cases the vehicle that struck the husband had impact with the wife, the court (supra, at 231, n 9) specifically declined to require impact as a prerequisite, noting that in Battalla v State of New York ( 10 NY2d 237 [1961]) it "abolished the impact requirement in negligent infliction of emotional distress cases.” In Bovsun (supra, at 231 ) the court made no reference to the No-Fault Law, but stated: "We are not suggesting that any trifling distress would be sufficient to support recovery of damages under the zone-of-danger rule.

1984As noted in footnote 9 on page 231: “We decline to adopt this impact rule (although there was such impact in each of the two appeals now before us) inasmuch as it is conceptually inconsistent with our holding in Battalla v State of New York ( 10 NY2d 237 ), where we abolished the impact requirement in negligent infliction of emotional distress cases.” In modification of the Tobin case ( 24 NY2d 609 , supra) Justice Jones recites ( 61 NY2d, at p 232 ): “We recognize that our decision in these two appeals may be perceived as overruling, or at least as rejecting in a significant respect, the rati

41978–1989
Natanel v. Plaza Ins. Co. green
nyappdiv · 2021
2 sentences

2025Co. , 200 AD3d 890 , 891). ( Carrington v Northwell Health , — AD3d —, 2025 NY Slip Op 00079, *1 [2d Dept 2025].) This Court was unable to locate authority regarding the impact of a bar association's President's duties on his legal practice in terms of meeting deadlines, but does note the authority that illness on the part of an attorney may be considered in determining whether to excuse a delay.

2025Co. , 200 AD3d 890 , 891). ( Carrington v Northwell Health , — AD3d &mdash, 2025 NY Slip Op 00079, *1 [2d Dept 2025].) This Court was unable to locate authority regarding the impact of a bar association's President's duties on his legal practice in terms of meeting deadlines, but does note the authority that illness on the part of an attorney may be considered in determining whether to excuse a delay.

22025–2025
Bovsun v. Sanperi green
ny · 1984
2 sentences

1989While in both cases the vehicle that struck the husband had impact with the wife, the court (supra, at 231, n 9) specifically declined to require impact as a prerequisite, noting that in Battalla v State of New York ( 10 NY2d 237 [1961]) it "abolished the impact requirement in negligent infliction of emotional distress cases.” In Bovsun (supra, at 231 ) the court made no reference to the No-Fault Law, but stated: "We are not suggesting that any trifling distress would be sufficient to support recovery of damages under the zone-of-danger rule.

1984As noted in footnote 9 on page 231: “We decline to adopt this impact rule (although there was such impact in each of the two appeals now before us) inasmuch as it is conceptually inconsistent with our holding in Battalla v State of New York ( 10 NY2d 237 ), where we abolished the impact requirement in negligent infliction of emotional distress cases.” In modification of the Tobin case ( 24 NY2d 609 , supra) Justice Jones recites ( 61 NY2d, at p 232 ): “We recognize that our decision in these two appeals may be perceived as overruling, or at least as rejecting in a significant respect, the rati

21984–1989
Semenetz v. Sherling & Walden, Inc. green
ny · 2006
1 sentence

2024Relevant factors include the impact of our rule on parties to a potential acquisition, whether imputing jurisdiction fairly reflects the reasonable assumptions and expectations of the parties to such transactions, whether doing so induces responsible parties to internalize responsibility for risks they create, and the impact of imputing jurisdiction on those injured by a predecessor’s acts (see Grant-Howard, 63 NY2d at 296-297 ; Semenetz, 7 NY3d at 200-201 ; see also Kreutter, 71 NY2d at 471-472 [declining to adopt fiduciary shield limit on personal jurisdiction where unnecessary as a matter o

12024–2024
Grant-Howard Associates v. General Housewares Corp. green
ny · 1984
1 sentence

2024Relevant factors include the impact of our rule on parties to a potential acquisition, whether imputing jurisdiction fairly reflects the reasonable assumptions and expectations of the parties to such transactions, whether doing so induces responsible parties to internalize responsibility for risks they create, and the impact of imputing jurisdiction on those injured by a predecessor’s acts (see Grant-Howard, 63 NY2d at 296-297 ; Semenetz, 7 NY3d at 200-201 ; see also Kreutter, 71 NY2d at 471-472 [declining to adopt fiduciary shield limit on personal jurisdiction where unnecessary as a matter o

12024–2024
Noakes v. Rosa green
nyappdiv · 2008
1 sentence

2013“The error . . . cannot be considered harmless, as it bore on the ultimate issue to be determined by the jury (see Cheul Soo Kang v Violante, 60 AD3d at 992; Noakes u Rosa, 54 AD3d 317 [2008]; Hatton v Gassier, 219 AD2d 697 [1995]; Gagliano v Vaccaro, 97 AD2d 430 [1983]; Murray v Donlan, 77 AD2d 337 [1980])” (Sanchez v Steenson, 101 AD3d 982, 983 [2012]; see also Conners v Duck’s Cesspool Serv., 144 AD2d 329 [1988]).

12013–2013
Murray v. Donlan green
nyappdiv · 1980
1 sentence

2013“The error . . . cannot be considered harmless, as it bore on the ultimate issue to be determined by the jury (see Cheul Soo Kang v Violante, 60 AD3d at 992; Noakes u Rosa, 54 AD3d 317 [2008]; Hatton v Gassier, 219 AD2d 697 [1995]; Gagliano v Vaccaro, 97 AD2d 430 [1983]; Murray v Donlan, 77 AD2d 337 [1980])” (Sanchez v Steenson, 101 AD3d 982, 983 [2012]; see also Conners v Duck’s Cesspool Serv., 144 AD2d 329 [1988]).

12013–2013
Gagliano v. Vaccaro green
nyappdiv · 1983
1 sentence

2013“The error . . . cannot be considered harmless, as it bore on the ultimate issue to be determined by the jury (see Cheul Soo Kang v Violante, 60 AD3d at 992; Noakes u Rosa, 54 AD3d 317 [2008]; Hatton v Gassier, 219 AD2d 697 [1995]; Gagliano v Vaccaro, 97 AD2d 430 [1983]; Murray v Donlan, 77 AD2d 337 [1980])” (Sanchez v Steenson, 101 AD3d 982, 983 [2012]; see also Conners v Duck’s Cesspool Serv., 144 AD2d 329 [1988]).

12013–2013
Hatton v. Gassler green
nyappdiv · 1995
1 sentence

2013“The error . . . cannot be considered harmless, as it bore on the ultimate issue to be determined by the jury (see Cheul Soo Kang v Violante, 60 AD3d at 992; Noakes u Rosa, 54 AD3d 317 [2008]; Hatton v Gassier, 219 AD2d 697 [1995]; Gagliano v Vaccaro, 97 AD2d 430 [1983]; Murray v Donlan, 77 AD2d 337 [1980])” (Sanchez v Steenson, 101 AD3d 982, 983 [2012]; see also Conners v Duck’s Cesspool Serv., 144 AD2d 329 [1988]).

12013–2013
Wahlstrom v. Metro-North Commuter Railroad green
nysd · 2000
1 sentence

2010Courts adopting the impact requirement have done so out of concern that merely focusing the inquiry on where the termination decision is made—as opposed to where the impact of that decision is felt—results in the expansion of the NYCHRL to cover any plaintiff who is terminated pursuant to a decision made by an employer from its New York City headquarters regardless of where the plaintiff works (see Wahlstrom, 89 F Supp 2d at 527-528 , citing Duffy, 1998 WL 252063 , *12, 1998 US Dist LEXIS 7215 , *36).

12010–2010
Rylott-Rooney v. Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane-Societa Per Azioni green
nysd · 2008
1 sentence

2010Subsequently, in Rylott-Rooney v Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane-Societa Per Azioni ( 549 F Supp 2d 549 [SD NY 2008]), the plaintiff, a resident of Minnesota working out of the defendant’s Minneapolis office, commenced NYCHRL and NYSHRL claims against her employer, alleging age discrimination.

12010–2010
Tebbenhoff v. Electronic Data Sys. Corp. green
ca2 · 2007
1 sentence

2009Corp., 2005 WL 3182952 , 2005 US Dist LEXIS 29874 [SD NY 2005], affd 244 Fed Appx 382 [2d Cir 2007]; Torrico v International Bus.

12009–2009
People v. Eastman green
ny · 1995
12007–2007
Mattone v. State of New York Department of Taxation & Finance neutral
nyappdiv · 1988
11996–1996
Matter of Robert Lee Realty Co. v. Vill. of Spring Valley green
ny · 1984
11994–1994
Texaco Refining & Marketing, Inc. v. Valente green
nyappdiv · 1991
11994–1994
Tandem Holding Corp. v. Board of Zoning Appeals of Hempstead green
ny · 1977
11994–1994
Veysey v. Zoning Board of Appeals of the City of Glens Falls green
nyappdiv · 1989
11991–1991
Claim of Young v. Western Electric Co. neutral
nyappdiv · 1981
11985–1985
Gyory v. Radgowski green
nyappdiv · 1982
11985–1985
Preece v. Baur green
idd · 1956
11984–1984
Tobin v. Grossman green
ny · 1969
11984–1984
Red Apple Rest, Inc. v. State green
nyappdiv · 1967
11983–1983
Red Apple Rest, Inc. v. State green
nyclaimsct · 1965
11983–1983
Kessler v. State green
nyappdiv · 1964
11983–1983
Shelton v. Tucker green
scotus · 1960
11980–1980
New York Times Co. v. United States green
scotus · 1971
11980–1980
Wooley v. Maynard green
scotus · 1977
11980–1980
Castaneda v. Partida green
scotus · 1977
11980–1980
Johnson v. State of New York green
ny · 1975
11978–1978
Boden v. Boden green
ny · 1977
11978–1978
Hoffa v. United States green
scotus · 1966
11969–1969
Wong Sun v. United States green
scotus · 1963
11969–1969
People ex rel. Spitznagel v. Sisson neutral
nyappdiv · 1917
11961–1961
Shampine v. Fleming neutral
nyappdiv · 1952
11961–1961
Andrew J. Aikens v. State of Wisconsin green
scotus · 1904
11953–1953
Advance Music Corp. v. American Tobacco Co. green
ny · 1946
11953–1953
Opera on Tour, Inc. v. Weber green
ny · 1941
11953–1953
Glasser v. United States green
scotus · 1942
11951–1951
People v. Doran green
ny · 1927
11951–1951

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NY § N.Y. Executive Law § 290 (5) NY § N.Y. Executive Law § 296 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

FL 106 (1966–2026) CA 83 (1956–2025) TX 74 (1969–2021) IL 63 (1970–2025) MN 58 (1943–2018) DC 56 (1964–2026) PA 54 (1962–2026) IN 50 (1973–2025) GA 37 (1967–2025) NY 33 (1951–2026) NJ 30 (1957–2026) OR 25 (1986–2025) KS 22 (1972–2025) MD 19 (1963–2014) LA 18 (1975–2023) MA 17 (1978–2025) CO 16 (1977–2017) VA 14 (1968–2022) WA 14 (1968–2026) TN 14 (1973–2019) CT 13 (1982–2015) MI 12 (1972–2017) NM 12 (1987–2025) MO 11 (1950–2018) WI 10 (1979–2026) OH 9 (1961–2025) NC 9 (1980–2025) UT 9 (1989–2018) KY 8 (1971–2023) ME 8 (1982–2026) WV 7 (1982–2026) MS 7 (1975–2024) IA 7 (1981–2024) NV 6 (1985–2024) HI 6 (1974–2025) OK 5 (1969–2025) RI 5 (1997–2010) SC 4 (2002–2026) WY 4 (1986–2023) MT 4 (1980–2002) AZ 4 (1954–2023) AK 4 (1978–2023) DE 4 (1965–1987) AR 3 (1979–1999) NE 3 (1955–2003) ND 2 (1972–1990) VT 2 (2004–2014) AL 2 (1969–2001) NH 2 (1979–1989)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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