32 California opinions name it 4 courts 1921–2024 4 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
San Diego Union v. City Councilgreen2 sentences2014(San Diego Union v. City Council (1983) 146 Cal.App.3d 947, 955 [ 196 Cal.Rptr. 45 ] [construing open meeting requirements].) This is consistent with the rule that “civil statutes for the protection of the public are, generally, broadly construed in favor of that protective purpose. [Citations.]” (People ex rel. 2014(San Diego Union v. City Council (1983) 146 Cal.App.3d 947, 955 [ 196 Cal.Rptr. 45 ] [construing open meeting requirements].) This is consistent with the rule that “civil statutes for the protection of the public are, generally, broadly construed in favor of that protective purpose. [Citations.]” (People ex rel. | 2 | 2 |
People ex rel. Lungren v. Superior Courtgreen2 sentences2014Lungren v. Superior Court (1996) 14 Cal.4th 294, 313 [ 58 Cal.Rptr.2d 855 , 926 P.2d 1042 ].) 4. 2014Lungren v. Superior Court (1996) 14 Cal.4th 294, 313 [ 58 Cal.Rptr.2d 855 , 926 P.2d 1042 ].) 4. | 2 | 2 |
Corfee v. Southern California Edison Co.green1 sentence2021The moving party must stand on the strength of [its] own showing rather than on any weakness of the opposition.” (Corfee v. Southern California Edison Co. (1962) 202 Cal.App.2d 473, 477 (Corfee).) 13 This is consistent with the principle that “[t]he plaintiff’s choice of venue is presumptively correct” (Easton v. Superior Court (1970) 12 Cal.App.3d 243, 247 ), and, therefore, “[t]he moving part[y] ha[s] the burden of negativing plaintiff’s choice of venue.” (Tutor-Saliba-Perini Joint Venture v. Superior Court (1991) 233 Cal.App.3d 736, 744 .) The Trial Court Abused Its Discretion in Granting t | 1 | 1 |
Moore v. Kaufmangreen1 sentence2014(See Moore v. Kaufman (2010) 189 Cal.App.4th 604, 608-609, fn. 2 ; City of Santa Paula v. Narula (2003) 114 Cal.App.4th 485, 492 .) Therefore, not only is there no bar to raising the issue of Rivera’s entitlement to fees in this appeal, the issue could only have been raised in this appeal. | 1 | 1 |
California Correctional Peace Officers Assn. v. Virgagreen1 sentence2014It follows that, in an appeal from a postjudgment order awarding attorney’s fees, we may review the entitlement to, as well as the amount of, the fees awarded.” (Burke, supra, 98 Cal.App.4th at p. 1055 , italics added.)10 Burke has been 10 Burke’s holding was based in part on a “policy against piecemeal appeals.” (Burke, supra, 98 Cal.App.4th at p. 1054 .) This is consistent with rule 3.1702 of the California Rules of Court, which contemplates a single hearing and ruling on a motion for attorney fees “when the court determines entitlement to the fees, the amount of the fees, or both, whether t | 1 | 1 |
Fireside Bank v. Superior Courtgreen1 sentence2007(Fireside, supra, 40 Cal.4th at p. 1074 [deciding class certification first *625 “postpones] merits rulings until such time as all parties may be bound”]; Green, supra, 29 Cal.3d at p. 147 , citing Pacific Land, supra, 20 Cal.3d at pp. 16-17.) 16 This consistent warning to defendants seeking precertification summary judgment must mean something. | 1 | 1 |
Allen v. Sundeangreen2 sentences2004Seeno Construction Co. (1992) 11 Cal.App.4th 1059, 1065 [ 14 Cal.Rptr.2d 604 ] [rejecting the “accrual at the time of damage” rule in CAMSIIV in favor of the discovery rule in Leaf where owners alleged negligent construction of *1014 foundation and inadequate compacting of soil beneath house]; Allen v. Sundean (1982) 137 Cal.App.3d 216, 222 [ 186 Cal.Rptr. 863 ] [applying Leaf rule to action by homeowner alleging builder’s use of inadequate and uncompacted fill caused house to suffer landslide damage].) Although it is difficult to distill a consistent rule from these decisions regarding when a 2004Seeno Construction Co. (1992) 11 Cal.App.4th 1059, 1065 [ 14 Cal.Rptr.2d 604 ] [rejecting the “accrual at the time of damage” rule in CAMSIIV in favor of the discovery rule in Leaf where owners alleged negligent construction of *1014 foundation and inadequate compacting of soil beneath house]; Allen v. Sundean (1982) 137 Cal.App.3d 216, 222 [ 186 Cal.Rptr. 863 ] [applying Leaf rule to action by homeowner alleging builder’s use of inadequate and uncompacted fill caused house to suffer landslide damage].) Although it is difficult to distill a consistent rule from these decisions regarding when a | 1 | 1 |
Kirby v. Albert D. Seeno Construction Co.green2 sentences2004Seeno Construction Co. (1992) 11 Cal.App.4th 1059, 1065 [ 14 Cal.Rptr.2d 604 ] [rejecting the “accrual at the time of damage” rule in CAMSIIV in favor of the discovery rule in Leaf where owners alleged negligent construction of *1014 foundation and inadequate compacting of soil beneath house]; Allen v. Sundean (1982) 137 Cal.App.3d 216, 222 [ 186 Cal.Rptr. 863 ] [applying Leaf rule to action by homeowner alleging builder’s use of inadequate and uncompacted fill caused house to suffer landslide damage].) Although it is difficult to distill a consistent rule from these decisions regarding when a 2004Seeno Construction Co. (1992) 11 Cal.App.4th 1059, 1065 [ 14 Cal.Rptr.2d 604 ] [rejecting the “accrual at the time of damage” rule in CAMSIIV in favor of the discovery rule in Leaf where owners alleged negligent construction of *1014 foundation and inadequate compacting of soil beneath house]; Allen v. Sundean (1982) 137 Cal.App.3d 216, 222 [ 186 Cal.Rptr. 863 ] [applying Leaf rule to action by homeowner alleging builder’s use of inadequate and uncompacted fill caused house to suffer landslide damage].) Although it is difficult to distill a consistent rule from these decisions regarding when a | 1 | 1 |
People v. Drewsgreen2 sentences2003(People v. Drews (1989) 208 Cal.App.3d 1317, 1325 [ 256 Cal.Rptr. 846 ].) Defendant additionally claims the trial court’s “failure to adhere to a consistent standard for the qualification of jurors” arbitrarily deprived him of a right created by state law in violation of his right to federal due process. 2003(People v. Drews (1989) 208 Cal.App.3d 1317, 1325 [ 256 Cal.Rptr. 846 ].) Defendant additionally claims the trial court’s “failure to adhere to a consistent standard for the qualification of jurors” arbitrarily deprived him of a right created by state law in violation of his right to federal due process. | 1 | 1 |
Wilson v. Science Applications International Corp.green2 sentences1998(See, e.g., Wilson v. Science Applications Internal Corp. (1997) 52 Cal.App.4th 1025, 1031 [ 60 Cal.Rptr.2d 883 ]; Morite of California v. Superior Court (1993) 19 Cal.App.4th 485, 491-493 [ 23 Cal.Rptr.2d 666 ].) This is consistent with the doctrine of separation of powers, whereby the Legislature may regulate the exercise of the court’s inherent power, but its regulations must not “defeat or materially impair” the constitutional powers of the courts. 1998(See, e.g., Wilson v. Science Applications Internal Corp. (1997) 52 Cal.App.4th 1025, 1031 [ 60 Cal.Rptr.2d 883 ]; Morite of California v. Superior Court (1993) 19 Cal.App.4th 485, 491-493 [ 23 Cal.Rptr.2d 666 ].) This is consistent with the doctrine of separation of powers, whereby the Legislature may regulate the exercise of the court’s inherent power, but its regulations must not “defeat or materially impair” the constitutional powers of the courts. | 1 | 1 |
Morite of California v. SUPERIOR COURT OF LOS ANGELES CTY.green2 sentences1998(See, e.g., Wilson v. Science Applications Internal Corp. (1997) 52 Cal.App.4th 1025, 1031 [ 60 Cal.Rptr.2d 883 ]; Morite of California v. Superior Court (1993) 19 Cal.App.4th 485, 491-493 [ 23 Cal.Rptr.2d 666 ].) This is consistent with the doctrine of separation of powers, whereby the Legislature may regulate the exercise of the court’s inherent power, but its regulations must not “defeat or materially impair” the constitutional powers of the courts. 1998(See, e.g., Wilson v. Science Applications Internal Corp. (1997) 52 Cal.App.4th 1025, 1031 [ 60 Cal.Rptr.2d 883 ]; Morite of California v. Superior Court (1993) 19 Cal.App.4th 485, 491-493 [ 23 Cal.Rptr.2d 666 ].) This is consistent with the doctrine of separation of powers, whereby the Legislature may regulate the exercise of the court’s inherent power, but its regulations must not “defeat or materially impair” the constitutional powers of the courts. | 1 | 1 |
Superior Court v. County of Mendocinogreen2 sentences1998(Superior Court v. County of Mendocino (1996) 13 Cal.4th 45, 58 [ 51 Cal.Rptr.2d 837 , 913 P.2d 1046 ]; In re Jessup, supra, 81 Cal. at p. 460 .) The record provides no indication that the trial court failed to act with due consideration in revisiting the question of law before it in order to perform its function of safeguarding the rights of the parties. 1998(Superior Court v. County of Mendocino (1996) 13 Cal.4th 45, 58 [ 51 Cal.Rptr.2d 837 , 913 P.2d 1046 ]; In re Jessup, supra, 81 Cal. at p. 460 .) The record provides no indication that the trial court failed to act with due consideration in revisiting the question of law before it in order to perform its function of safeguarding the rights of the parties. | 1 | 1 |
| Lanzetta v. New Jerseygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Farber v. Rochfordgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Wilks v. Moutongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Davis v. County of Los Angelesgreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Ghentgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Johnston v. Longgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
People v. Lopezgreen2 sentences2014Code, § 12654, subd. (a)]; but see Eisenbaum v. Western Energy Resources, Inc. (1990) 218 Cal.App.3d 314, 325-326 [ 267 Cal.Rptr. 5 ] [construed “discovery” in Corp. Code, § 25507, subd. (a) as requiring “actual knowledge”].) This is consistent with the rule stated in People v. Lopez (2003) 31 Cal.4th 1051, 1060 [ 6 Cal.Rptr.3d 432 , 79 P.3d 548 ], that when statutory language has been *106 judicially construed and the Legislature subsequently uses the same language in another statute on a similar subject, the courts presume that the Legislature intended the language to have the same meaning. 2014Code, § 12654, subd. (a)]; but see Eisenbaum v. Western Energy Resources, Inc. (1990) 218 Cal.App.3d 314, 325-326 [ 267 Cal.Rptr. 5 ] [construed “discovery” in Corp. Code, § 25507, subd. (a) as requiring “actual knowledge”].) This is consistent with the rule stated in People v. Lopez (2003) 31 Cal.4th 1051, 1060 [ 6 Cal.Rptr.3d 432 , 79 P.3d 548 ], that when statutory language has been *106 judicially construed and the Legislature subsequently uses the same language in another statute on a similar subject, the courts presume that the Legislature intended the language to have the same meaning. | 1 | 1 |
Eisenbaum v. Western Energy Resources, Inc.green2 sentences2014Code, § 12654, subd. (a)]; but see Eisenbaum v. Western Energy Resources, Inc. (1990) 218 Cal.App.3d 314, 325-326 [ 267 Cal.Rptr. 5 ] [construed “discovery” in Corp. Code, § 25507, subd. (a) as requiring “actual knowledge”].) This is consistent with the rule stated in People v. Lopez (2003) 31 Cal.4th 1051, 1060 [ 6 Cal.Rptr.3d 432 , 79 P.3d 548 ], that when statutory language has been *106 judicially construed and the Legislature subsequently uses the same language in another statute on a similar subject, the courts presume that the Legislature intended the language to have the same meaning. 2014Code, § 12654, subd. (a)]; but see Eisenbaum v. Western Energy Resources, Inc. (1990) 218 Cal.App.3d 314, 325-326 [ 267 Cal.Rptr. 5 ] [construed “discovery” in Corp. Code, § 25507, subd. (a) as requiring “actual knowledge”].) This is consistent with the rule stated in People v. Lopez (2003) 31 Cal.4th 1051, 1060 [ 6 Cal.Rptr.3d 432 , 79 P.3d 548 ], that when statutory language has been *106 judicially construed and the Legislature subsequently uses the same language in another statute on a similar subject, the courts presume that the Legislature intended the language to have the same meaning. | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Quesada v. Herb Thyme Farms, Inc.
green
2 sentences2024(Id. at pp. 1218–1219.) 15 Quoting from the Organic Foods Act, our Supreme Court identified Congress’s express intentions as follows: “‘It is the purpose of this chapter— [¶] (1) to establish national standards governing the marketing of certain agricultural products as organically produced products; [¶] (2) to assure consumers that organically produced products meet a consistent standard; and [¶] (3) to facilitate interstate commerce in fresh and processed food that is organically produced.’” (Quesada, supra, 62 Cal.4th at p. 316 .) The court explained that a “uniform national standard for ma 2018The court highlighted the express purposes of the Organic Foods Act: " 'to establish national standards governing the marketing of' " organic food, " 'to assure consumers that organically produced products meet a consistent standard,' " and " 'to facilitate interstate commerce in' " organic food. ( Quesada, supra, 62 Cal.4th at p. 316 , 195 Cal.Rptr.3d 505 , 361 P.3d 868 .) The court found that "permitting state consumer fraud actions would advance, not impair, these goals. | 3 | 2018–2024 |
Siegel v. Anderson Homes, Inc.
green
2 sentences2006It aptly concluded that “[ajlthough it is difficult to distill a consistent rule from these decisions regarding when a cause of action for latent construction defects accrues, ... it would be ‘manifestly unjust to deprive plaintiffs of a cause of action before they are aware that they have been injured.’ [Citation.]” (Siegel, supra, 118 Cal.App.4th at p. 1014 .) We find the reasoning of Siegel, supra, 118 Cal.App.4th 994 , to be persuasive. 2006It aptly concluded that “[ajlthough it is difficult to distill a consistent rule from these decisions regarding when a cause of action for latent construction defects accrues, ... it would be ‘manifestly unjust to deprive plaintiffs of a cause of action before they are aware that they have been injured.’ [Citation.]” (Siegel, supra, 118 Cal.App.4th at p. 1014 .) We find the reasoning of Siegel, supra, 118 Cal.App.4th 994 , to be persuasive. | 2 | 2006–2006 |
People v. Hansen
red
2 sentences1998For example, in People v. Hansen, supra, 9 Cal.4th 300, the court held the felony of discharging a firearm at an inhabited dwelling (Pen. 1998For example, in People v. Hansen, supra, 9 Cal.4th 300 , 36 Cal.Rptr.2d 609 , 885 P.2d 1022 , the court held the felony of discharging a firearm at an inhabited dwelling (Pen.Code, *16 § 246) is inherently dangerous. | 2 | 1998–1998 |
Singer v. Marx
green
2 sentences1996This is consistent with the rule that `"there is no [civil] liability upon the parent unless he has had an opportunity to correct specific propensity on the part of the child, and that it is too much to hold the parent responsible for general incorrigibility and a bad disposition."' (Singer v. Marx, supra, 144 Cal.App.2d at p. 644 .) A fortiori, parents who reasonably try but are unable to control their children are not criminally negligent. 1993This is consistent with the rule that “ ‘there is no [civil] liability upon the parent unless he has had an opportunity to correct specific propensity on the part of the child, and that it is too much to hold the parent responsible for general incorrigibility and a bad disposition.’ ” (Singer v. Marx, supra, 144 Cal.App.2d at p. 644 .) A fortiori, parents who reasonably try but are unable to control their children are not criminally negligent. *575 The criminal negligence standard in regard to breach of duty thus provides notice to law-abiding parents that is consistent with and reinforces the | 2 | 1993–1996 |
Filipescu v. California Housing Finance Agency
green
1 sentence2024(See id. at p. 99.) This is consistent with rule 2.259(d), described above—as well as rule 8.77(e) (applicable to the appellate courts)—which equate the “endorsement of a document electronically filed” with “a manually affixed endorsement stamp . . . .” (Rule 8.77(e).) The 2016 amendment merely modernized the filed-stamp requirement; it did not eliminate it altogether. 13 Finally, Interior Specialists’ reliance on Filipescu v. California Housing Finance Agency (1995) 41 Cal.App.4th 738 is misplaced. | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Flannery v. California Highway Patrol
green
1 sentence2022When the Legislature amends a statute that has been the subject of judicial construction, changing it only in part, the presumption is that the Legislature intended to leave the law unchanged in the aspects not amended.” (Flannery v. California Highway Patrol (1998) 61 Cal.App.4th 629, 642-643 .) These same principles of statutory interpretation apply to ballot initiatives. | 1 | 2022–2022 |
People v. McKee
green
1 sentence2022This is consistent with the principle that “[a]n SVP may be held . . . ‘as long as he is both mentally ill and dangerous, but no longer.’ ” (People v. McKee (2010) 47 Cal.4th 1172, 1193 , italics added; see also id. at p. 1194 [“a person is committed only for as long as he meets the SVP criteria of mental abnormality and dangerousness”].) 18 legislation. | 1 | 2022–2022 |
Easton v. Superior Court
green
1 sentence2021The moving party must stand on the strength of [its] own showing rather than on any weakness of the opposition.” (Corfee v. Southern California Edison Co. (1962) 202 Cal.App.2d 473, 477 (Corfee).) 13 This is consistent with the principle that “[t]he plaintiff’s choice of venue is presumptively correct” (Easton v. Superior Court (1970) 12 Cal.App.3d 243, 247 ), and, therefore, “[t]he moving part[y] ha[s] the burden of negativing plaintiff’s choice of venue.” (Tutor-Saliba-Perini Joint Venture v. Superior Court (1991) 233 Cal.App.3d 736, 744 .) The Trial Court Abused Its Discretion in Granting t | 1 | 2021–2021 |
Tutor-Saliba-Perini Joint Venture v. Superior Court
green
1 sentence2021The moving party must stand on the strength of [its] own showing rather than on any weakness of the opposition.” (Corfee v. Southern California Edison Co. (1962) 202 Cal.App.2d 473, 477 (Corfee).) 13 This is consistent with the principle that “[t]he plaintiff’s choice of venue is presumptively correct” (Easton v. Superior Court (1970) 12 Cal.App.3d 243, 247 ), and, therefore, “[t]he moving part[y] ha[s] the burden of negativing plaintiff’s choice of venue.” (Tutor-Saliba-Perini Joint Venture v. Superior Court (1991) 233 Cal.App.3d 736, 744 .) The Trial Court Abused Its Discretion in Granting t | 1 | 2021–2021 |
P R Burke Corp. v. Victor Valley Wastewater Reclamation Authority
green
2 sentences2014It follows that, in an appeal from a postjudgment order awarding attorney’s fees, we may review the entitlement to, as well as the amount of, the fees awarded.” (Burke, supra, 98 Cal.App.4th at p. 1055 , italics added.)10 Burke has been 10 Burke’s holding was based in part on a “policy against piecemeal appeals.” (Burke, supra, 98 Cal.App.4th at p. 1054 .) This is consistent with rule 3.1702 of the California Rules of Court, which contemplates a single hearing and ruling on a motion for attorney fees “when the court determines entitlement to the fees, the amount of the fees, or both, whether t 2014It follows that, in an appeal from a postjudgment order awarding attorney’s fees, we may review the entitlement to, as well as the amount of, the fees awarded.” (Burke, supra, 98 Cal.App.4th at p. 1055 , italics added.)10 Burke has been 10 Burke’s holding was based in part on a “policy against piecemeal appeals.” (Burke, supra, 98 Cal.App.4th at p. 1054 .) This is consistent with rule 3.1702 of the California Rules of Court, which contemplates a single hearing and ruling on a motion for attorney fees “when the court determines entitlement to the fees, the amount of the fees, or both, whether t | 1 | 2014–2014 |
City of Santa Paula v. Narula
green
1 sentence2014(See Moore v. Kaufman (2010) 189 Cal.App.4th 604, 608-609, fn. 2 ; City of Santa Paula v. Narula (2003) 114 Cal.App.4th 485, 492 .) Therefore, not only is there no bar to raising the issue of Rivera’s entitlement to fees in this appeal, the issue could only have been raised in this appeal. | 1 | 2014–2014 |
In Re Aurora Dairy Corp. Organic Milk Marketing
green
1 sentence2013(Ibid.) The Aurora Dairy court explained the purpose articulated in the OFPA, that is, ― ‗to establish national standards governing the marketing of certain agricultural products as organically produced products,‘ would be deeply undermined by the inevitable divergence in applicable state laws as numerous court systems adopt possibly conflicting interpretations of the same provisions of the OFPA and NOP.‖ (Aurora Dairy, supra, 621 F.3d at p. 796 .) Rather than achieving the congressional purpose to ― ‗assur[e] consumers that organically produced products meet a consistent standard,‘ ‖ if permi | 1 | 2013–2013 |
Green v. Obledo
green
1 sentence2007(Fireside, supra, 40 Cal.4th at p. 1074 [deciding class certification first *625 “postpones] merits rulings until such time as all parties may be bound”]; Green, supra, 29 Cal.3d at p. 147 , citing Pacific Land, supra, 20 Cal.3d at pp. 16-17.) 16 This consistent warning to defendants seeking precertification summary judgment must mean something. | 1 | 2007–2007 |
Leaf v. City of San Mateo
green
1 sentence2004Seeno Construction Co. (1992) 11 Cal.App.4th 1059, 1065 [ 14 Cal.Rptr.2d 604 ] [rejecting the “accrual at the time of damage” rule in CAMSIIV in favor of the discovery rule in Leaf where owners alleged negligent construction of *1014 foundation and inadequate compacting of soil beneath house]; Allen v. Sundean (1982) 137 Cal.App.3d 216, 222 [ 186 Cal.Rptr. 863 ] [applying Leaf rule to action by homeowner alleging builder’s use of inadequate and uncompacted fill caused house to suffer landslide damage].) Although it is difficult to distill a consistent rule from these decisions regarding when a | 1 | 2004–2004 |
Oakes v. McCarthy Co.
green
1 sentence2004Seeno Construction Co. (1992) 11 Cal.App.4th 1059, 1065 [ 14 Cal.Rptr.2d 604 ] [rejecting the “accrual at the time of damage” rule in CAMSIIV in favor of the discovery rule in Leaf where owners alleged negligent construction of *1014 foundation and inadequate compacting of soil beneath house]; Allen v. Sundean (1982) 137 Cal.App.3d 216, 222 [ 186 Cal.Rptr. 863 ] [applying Leaf rule to action by homeowner alleging builder’s use of inadequate and uncompacted fill caused house to suffer landslide damage].) Although it is difficult to distill a consistent rule from these decisions regarding when a | 1 | 2004–2004 |
Hicks v. Oklahoma
green
2 sentences2003(Hicks v. Oklahoma (1980) 447 U.S. 343 [ 100 S.Ct. 2227 , 65 L.Ed.2d 175 ].) We disagree. 2003(Hicks v. Oklahoma (1980) 447 U.S. 343 [ 100 S.Ct. 2227 , 65 L.Ed.2d 175 ].) We disagree. | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| In re the Estate of Jessup green | 1 | 1998–1998 |
| Brumer v. LOS ANGELES CTY. METRO. TRANSP. AUTH. green | 1 | 1995–1995 |
| Hardeman v. Thomas green | 1 | 1992–1992 |
| Salter v. Ulrich green | 1 | 1990–1990 |
| cluster 300355 green | 1 | 1985–1985 |
| C. M. Gustafson v. General Motors Acceptance Corporation green | 1 | 1985–1985 |
| Pollock & Riley, Inc. v. Pearl Brewing Company, W. H. Wood v. Gulf Oil Corporation green | 1 | 1985–1985 |
| William E. Greene, Food Distributors v. General Foods Corporation, a Delaware Corporation green | 1 | 1985–1985 |
| Grace v. Carpenter green | 1 | 1968–1968 |
| Wright v. Security-First National Bank green | 1 | 1960–1960 |
| People v. Johnson neutral | 1 | 1927–1927 |
| People v. Elgar green | 1 | 1921–1921 |
| People v. Wademan green | 1 | 1921–1921 |
| People v. Slaughter green | 1 | 1921–1921 |
| People v. Koller green | 1 | 1921–1921 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.