appeal or writ error (Texas) · Go Syfert
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appeal or writ error in Texas

107 Texas opinions name it 5 courts 1866–2026 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (23)

CaseFollowedCited
In Re Labatt Food Service, L.P.green
tex · 2009 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022Davidson, Inc., 128 S.W.3d at 227 ; In re Labatt Food Serv., L.P., 279 S.W.3d 640, 643 (Tex. 2009)(orig. proceeding); ReadyOne Industries, Inc. v. Casillas, 487 S.W.3d 254, 258 (Tex.App.—El Paso 2015, no pet.); see generally TEX.CIV.PRAC.&REM.CODE ANN. § 51.016 (“In a matter subject to the Federal Arbitration Act, a person may take an appeal or writ of error to the court of appeals from the judgment or interlocutory order of a district court . . . .” [Internal citation omitted]).

2022Davidson, Inc., 128 S.W.3d at 227 ; In re Labatt Food Serv., L.P., 279 S.W.3d 640, 643 (Tex. 2009)(orig. proceeding); ReadyOne Industries, Inc. v. Casillas, 487 S.W.3d 254, 258 (Tex.App.—El Paso 2015, no pet.); see generally TEX.CIV.PRAC.&REM.CODE ANN. § 51.016 (“In a matter subject to the Federal Arbitration Act, a person may take an appeal or writ of error to the court of appeals from the judgment or interlocutory order of a district court” [Internal citation omitted]).

22
Readyone Industries, Inc. v. Casillasgreen
texapp · 2015 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022Davidson, Inc., 128 S.W.3d at 227 ; In re Labatt Food Serv., L.P., 279 S.W.3d 640, 643 (Tex. 2009)(orig. proceeding); ReadyOne Industries, Inc. v. Casillas, 487 S.W.3d 254, 258 (Tex.App.—El Paso 2015, no pet.); see generally TEX.CIV.PRAC.&REM.CODE ANN. § 51.016 (“In a matter subject to the Federal Arbitration Act, a person may take an appeal or writ of error to the court of appeals from the judgment or interlocutory order of a district court . . . .” [Internal citation omitted]).

2022Davidson, Inc., 128 S.W.3d at 227 ; In re Labatt Food Serv., L.P., 279 S.W.3d 640, 643 (Tex. 2009)(orig. proceeding); ReadyOne Industries, Inc. v. Casillas, 487 S.W.3d 254, 258 (Tex.App.—El Paso 2015, no pet.); see generally TEX.CIV.PRAC.&REM.CODE ANN. § 51.016 (“In a matter subject to the Federal Arbitration Act, a person may take an appeal or writ of error to the court of appeals from the judgment or interlocutory order of a district court” [Internal citation omitted]).

22
Phillips v. Reesegreen
texapp · 1952 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012See Phillips v. Reese, 256 S.W.2d 162, 164-66 (Tex.Civ.App.-El Paso 1952, writ ref'd n.r.e.) (discussing the 1950 amendment to Rule 5 and holding that appellate court had obtained jurisdiction over appeal when record and motion for extension were filed on the day before the amendment took effect, which was also the day before the motion for extension was due). .

2012See Phillips v. Reese, 256 S.W.2d 162, 164-66 (Tex. Civ.

22
United States v. Dashielgreen
scotus · 1866 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1923–1925
2 sentences

1925See, also, United States v. Dashiell, 4 Wall. 182 , 18 L.

1923See, also, United States v. Dashiell, 4 Wall. 182 , 18 L.

22
Walker v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1866 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1923–1925
2 sentences

1925See, also, United States v. Dashiell, 4 Wall. 182 , 18 L.

1923See, also, United States v. Dashiell, 4 Wall. 182 , 18 L.

22
Ex Parte Newmangreen
scotus · 1872 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1936–1990
2 sentences

1936“While the rules announced are well settled, and are in consonance with the decisions of all the common-law courts, we will call attention to cases from courts of very high authority. * * * Ex parte Newman, 14 Wall. 152 , 20 L.Ed. 877 , the supreme court of the United States say: ‘ * * * Such a writ cannot perform the' functions of an appeal or writ of error, as the superior court will not, in any case, direct the judge of the subordinate court what judgment or decree to enter in the case, as the writ does not vest in the superior court any power to give any such direction or to interfere in a

1936“While the rules announced are well settled, and are in consonance with the decisions of all the common-law courts, we will call attention to cases from courts of very high authority. * * * Ex parte Newman, 14 Wall. 152 , 20 L.Ed. 877 , the supreme court of the United States say: ‘ * * * Such a writ cannot perform the' functions of an appeal or writ of error, as the superior court will not, in any case, direct the judge of the subordinate court what judgment or decree to enter in the case, as the writ does not vest in the superior court any power to give any such direction or to interfere in a

12
Pearl Assur. Co. v. Williamsgreen
texapp · 1942 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1953–1987
2 sentences

1987De Garcia v. San Antonio & A.P.Ry.Co., 77 S.W. 275 , 277-78 (Tex.Civ.App.—1903, writ ref’d); see Pearl Assurance Co. v. Williams, 167 S.W.2d 808, 812 (Tex.Civ.App.—Fort Worth 1942, no writ) (if the “record” would not disclose the error complained of in the bill, an appeal or writ of error would not be available).

1953Co. Ltd. v. Williams, Tex.Civ.App., 167 S.W.2d 808 , syl. 7. (3) In Bennett v. Carter, Tex.Civ.App., 102 S.W.2d 450, 451 , under similar facts, a like contention was overruled.

12
Aycock v. Clarkgreen
tex · 1901 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1936–1969
2 sentences

1969See Aycock v. Clark, 94 Tex. 375 , 60 S.W. 665, 666 (1901).

1969See Aycock v. Clark, 94 Tex. 375 , 60 S.W. 665, 666 (1901).

12
In Re ABPgreen
texapp · 2009 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
Grayson v. Graysongreen
texapp · 2003 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
Pelt v. State Board of Insurancegreen
texapp · 1991 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
White v. Baker & Bottsgreen
texapp · 1992 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
H & C Communications, Inc. v. Reed's Food International, Inc.green
texapp · 1994 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Cherokee Water Co. v. Rossgreen
tex · 1985 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Walker v. Blue Water Garden Apartmentsgreen
tex · 1989 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1991–1991
11
Ex Parte Garciagreen
texcrimapp · 1921 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
11
Texaco, Inc. v. McEwengreen
texapp · 1962 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
11
Page v. Cotton Construction Co.green
texapp · 1981 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1986–1986
11
Winters Mut. Aid Ass'n Circle No. 2 v. Reddingreen
texcommnapp · 1932 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
11
Trinity Universal Insurance Company v. Farleygreen
texapp · 1966 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1982–1982
11
Maxey v. Texas Commerce Bank of Lubbockgreen
tex · 1979 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1979–1979
11
Thompson v. Gibbsgreen
texapp · 1973 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1977–1977
11
First Nat. Bank of Rule v. Chapmangreen
texapp · 1923 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1966–1966
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (57)

CaseCitedYears
Texas Trunk Railway Co. v. Jackson Bros. green
tex · 1893
2 sentences

1936Co. v. Jackson, 85 Tex. 605 , 22 S.W. 1030 , that pendency of an appeal or writ of error from a judgment deprives it of that finality of character which would otherwise make it admissible in evidence.

1936Co. v. Jackson, 85 Tex. 605 , 22 S.W. 1030 , that pendency of an appeal or writ of error from a judgment deprives it of that finality of character which would otherwise make it admissible in evidence.

51902–1936
Linn v. Arambould green
tex · 1881
2 sentences

1929In the case of Linn v. Arambould, 55 Tex. 611 ; the Supreme Court of this state held: “When the whole of the matter in controversy is disposed of as to all the parties, then there is a final judgment, and not before, from which an appeal or writ of error can be taken.” In the case of Havard v. Carter-Kelley Lumber Co., 162 S. W. 922 , the Texarkana Oourt of Appeals had before it for consideration the exact question we are now considering, and held that the judgment in that case, which was an action of trespass to try title and for damages for timber cut, was not a final judgment for the reason

1915In Linn v. Arambould, 55 Tex. 611 , it is held that no final judgment from which an appeal or writ of error can be prosecuted lies until all the issues as to all the parties hare been finally adjudicated in the court, and that no order or decree, which does not preclude further proceedings in the case in the court below, can be regarded as final.

31911–1929
Kreisle v. Campbell neutral
tex · 1896
2 sentences

1927In the case of the Texas Trunk Railway Co. v. Jackson, 85 Tex. 605 [ 22 S. W. 1030 ] Chief Justice Stayton, speaking for the court,'says: ‘We are of the opinion that an appeal or writ of error, whether prosecuted under cost or supersedeas bond, during pendency deprives a judgment of that finality of character necessary to entitle it to admission in evidence in support of the right or defense declared by it; and from this necessarily follows the insufficiency of a plea in bar based on it.’ In the case of Kreisle v. Campbell, 89 Tex. 104 [ 33 S. W. 852 ],’this question came before us upon an app

1927In the case of the Texas Trunk Railway Co. v. Jackson, 85 Tex. 605 [ 22 S. W. 1030 ] Chief Justice Stayton, speaking for the court,'says: ‘We are of the opinion that an appeal or writ of error, whether prosecuted under cost or supersedeas bond, during pendency deprives a judgment of that finality of character necessary to entitle it to admission in evidence in support of the right or defense declared by it; and from this necessarily follows the insufficiency of a plea in bar based on it.’ In the case of Kreisle v. Campbell, 89 Tex. 104 [ 33 S. W. 852 ],’this question came before us upon an app

31902–1927
Glenn v. Milam green
tex · 1924
2 sentences

1926Glenn v. Milam, 114 Tex. 160 , 263 S.W. 900 ; Griffin v. Wakelee, 42 Tex. 513 .

1926Glenn v. Milam, 114 Tex. 160 , 263 S.W. 900 ; Griffin v. Wakelee, 42 Tex. 513 .

31925–1926
Griffin v. Wakelee green
tex · 1874
2 sentences

1926Glenn v. Milam, 114 Tex. 160 , 263 S.W. 900 ; Griffin v. Wakelee, 42 Tex. 513 .

1925Glenn v. Milam (Tex. Sup.) 263 S. W. 900 ; Griffin v. Wakelee, 42 Tex. 513 .

31925–1926
J.M. Davidson, Inc. v. Webster green
tex · 2003
2 sentences

2022Davidson, Inc., 128 S.W.3d at 227 ; In re Labatt Food Serv., L.P., 279 S.W.3d 640, 643 (Tex. 2009)(orig. proceeding); ReadyOne Industries, Inc. v. Casillas, 487 S.W.3d 254, 258 (Tex.App.—El Paso 2015, no pet.); see generally TEX.CIV.PRAC.&REM.CODE ANN. § 51.016 (“In a matter subject to the Federal Arbitration Act, a person may take an appeal or writ of error to the court of appeals from the judgment or interlocutory order of a district court . . . .” [Internal citation omitted]).

2022Davidson, Inc., 128 S.W.3d at 227 ; In re Labatt Food Serv., L.P., 279 S.W.3d 640, 643 (Tex. 2009)(orig. proceeding); ReadyOne Industries, Inc. v. Casillas, 487 S.W.3d 254, 258 (Tex.App.—El Paso 2015, no pet.); see generally TEX.CIV.PRAC.&REM.CODE ANN. § 51.016 (“In a matter subject to the Federal Arbitration Act, a person may take an appeal or writ of error to the court of appeals from the judgment or interlocutory order of a district court” [Internal citation omitted]).

22022–2022
Smith v. Ferrell green
texcommnapp · 1932
2 sentences

1968It has never been the law that one who is negligent in the matter of filing and urging a motion for new trial or in perfecting an appeal or writ of error may avoid the consequences through the medium of a bill of review.” See also, Smith v. Ferrell, 44 S.W.2d 962 (Tex.Com.App.), opinion approved; Lynn v. Hanna, 116 Tex. 652 , 296 S.W. 280 ; 34 Tex.Jur.2d Sec. 230, p. 101 et seq., and cases there cited.

1937Smith et al. v. Ferrell (Tex.Com.App.) 44 S.W.(2d) 962 ; Lindsey v. Dougherty (Tex.Civ.App.) 60 S.W.(2d) 300 .

21937–1968
Texas Employers' Ins. Ass'n v. King neutral
texapp · 1932
2 sentences

1950Ass’n. v. King, Tex.Civ.App., 52 S.W.2d 668 , this court, (Wr.

1935Ass’n v. King (Tex.Civ.App.) 52 S.W. (2d) 668 , 669: “The general rule seems to be that a party who enforces or otherwise accepts the benefits of a judgment, order, or decree cannot afterward maintain an appeal or writ of error to review the same or deny the authority which granted it. 3 C.J. § 552; Dunham v. Randall & Chambers Co., 11 Tex.Civ.App. 265 , 32 S.W. 720 ; Harper v. Foster et al.

21935–1950
Shanks v. Carroll neutral
tex · 1878
2 sentences

1949The object of the new rules is ‘to obtain a just, fair, equitable and impartial adjudication of the rights of litigants’, Rule 1, and where this can be done without doing violence to the rules or injustice to the rights of the parties, it is the duty of the court to do so.” The court quoted with approval from the opinion of the court in the case of Shanks v. Carroll, 50 Tex. 17 , in which it was said “A failure to observe and comply with the rules prescribed by this court regulating the manner of bringing cases before it, is a valid and sufficient ground, in the discretion of the court, for th

1912As said by the Supreme Court in the case of Shanks v. Carroll, 50 Tex. 17 : “A failure to observe and comply with the rules prescribed by this court regulating the manner of bringing cases before it is a valid and sufficient ground, in the discretion of the court, for the dismissal of an appeal or writ of error, unless good cause is shown why this is not done.” This quotation is made to show that the strict and literal enforcement of the rules prescribed for this court rests in its discretion, and that it was never intended that such enforcement should be made an engine of oppression, or to fu

21912–1949
Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. State of Texas green
tex · 1907
2 sentences

1936Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. State, 107 Tex. 1 , 106 S.W. 326 .

1936Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. State, 107 Tex. 1 , 106 S.W. 326 .

21922–1936
Laird v. Thomas green
tex · 1858
2 sentences

1935Laird v. Thomas, 22 Tex. 276 ; Focke v. Sterling, 18 Tex. Civ.

1922Laird v. Thomas, 22 Tex. 276 ; Focke v. Sterling, 18 Tex. Civ.

21922–1935
Focke v. Sterling neutral
texapp · 1898
2 sentences

1935Laird v. Thomas, 22 Tex. 276 ; Focke v. Sterling, 18 Tex. Civ.

1922Laird v. Thomas, 22 Tex. 276 ; Focke v. Sterling, 18 Tex. Civ.

21922–1935
Vineyard v. McCombs neutral
tex · 1907
2 sentences

1932S. 1925, art. 2267, provides that the appeal or writ of error, as the case may bo, “shall be held to be perfected” when the bond or affidavit in lieu thereof has “been filed.” Vineyard v. McCombs, 100 Tex. 318 , 99 S. W. 544 .

1932S. 1925, art. 2267, provides that the appeal or writ of error, as the case may bo, “shall be held to be perfected” when the bond or affidavit in lieu thereof has “been filed.” Vineyard v. McCombs, 100 Tex. 318 , 99 S. W. 544 .

21932–1933
Wells v. Littlefield green
tex · 1884
2 sentences

1933Our Supreme Court in the ease of Wells v. Littlefield, 62 Tex. 28 , had the following to say relative to its power to issue writs for the purpose of enforcing its jurisdiction: “So soon as the jurisdiction attaches under an appeal or writ of error, this court has full control of the cause, and can make such orders concerning it as may be necessary to preserve the rights of the parties and enforce its mandates.

1926In Wells v. Littlefield, 62 Tex. 28 , the Supreme Court said: “So soon as the jurisdiction attaches under an appeal or writ of error, this court has full control of the cause, and can make such orders concerning it as may be necessary to preserve the rights of the parties and enforce .its mandates.

21926–1933
Milam County Oil Mill Co. v. Bass green
tex · 1914
2 sentences

1933If the judgment below is affirmed,'or reversed and rendered or reformed, this court can see that the party in whose favor its decision has been given has the benefit of all proceedings below necessary to enforce its judgment.” The same court in Milam County Oil & Mill Co. v. Bass, 106 Tex. 260 , 163 S. W. 577, 578 , used this language: “A valid judgment should be effective to secure the benefits that it decrees; and its active office therefore continues for the full accomplishment of that result.

1933If the judgment below is affirmed,'or reversed and rendered or reformed, this court can see that the party in whose favor its decision has been given has the benefit of all proceedings below necessary to enforce its judgment.” The same court in Milam County Oil & Mill Co. v. Bass, 106 Tex. 260 , 163 S. W. 577, 578 , used this language: “A valid judgment should be effective to secure the benefits that it decrees; and its active office therefore continues for the full accomplishment of that result.

21921–1933
Trent v. Rhomberg green
· 1886
2 sentences

1931This proposition has clear recognition by our Supreme Court in such cases as Trent v. Rhomberg, 66 Tex. 249 , 18 S. W. 510 ; Wooldridge v. Rawlings, 14 S. W. 667 , and Michael v. Ball, 8 Tex. Civ.

1894Trent v. Rhomberg, 66 Texas, 249 ; Blair v. Sanborn, 82 Texas, 686 ; Cattle Co. v. Ansley, 24 S. W.

21894–1931
United States v. Hodge green
· 1848
2 sentences

1925U. S. v. Hodge, 6 How. 279 , 12 L.

1925U. S. v. Hodge, 6 How. 279 , 12 L.

21923–1925
Owen v. Terrell green
nm · 1916
2 sentences

1925In Owen v. Terrell, 21 N. M. 647, 157 P. 672 , the Supreme Court of New Mexico held that the pendency of a motion, not necessary to the perfecting of an appeal or writ of error, will in no wise invalidate the appeal or writ of error; but the perfecting of the appeal or writ of error, while such motion Is pending and undisposed of, will be considered as an abandonment of the pending motion in the trial court.

1923In Owen v. Terrell, 21 N. M. 647, 157 Pac. 672 , the Supreme Court of New Mexico held that the pendency of a motion, not necesary to the perfecting of an appeal or writ of error, will in no wise invalidate the appeal or writ of error; but the perfecting of the appeal or writ of error, while such motion is pending and undisposed of, will be considered as an abandonment of the pending motion in the trial court.

21923–1925
Gainesville, Henrietta & Western Railway Co. v. Lacy neutral
texapp · 1894
2 sentences

1925Magee v. Chadoin, 44 Tex. 488 ; Green v. Marten, 43 Tex, 663; Railway Co. v. Lacy, 7 Tex. Civ.

1920Magee v. Chadoin, 44 Tex. 488 ; Green v. Marten, 43 Tex. 653 ; Railway Co. v. Lacy, 7 Tex. Civ.

21920–1925
Magee v. Chadoin's Ex'r neutral
tex · 1876
2 sentences

1925Magee v. Chadoin, 44 Tex. 488 ; Green v. Marten, 43 Tex, 663; Railway Co. v. Lacy, 7 Tex. Civ.

1920Magee v. Chadoin, 44 Tex. 488 ; Green v. Marten, 43 Tex. 653 ; Railway Co. v. Lacy, 7 Tex. Civ.

21920–1925
Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Wofford neutral
· 1903
2 sentences

1919App. 67 , 121 S. W. 715 ; Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Wofford, 32 Tex. Civ.

1913App. 427 , 72 S. W. 620 , 74 S. W. 943 . [2] It is also well settled that, when the obligee in an appeal or writ of error bond is dead at the time of its execution, such bond is a nullity, and can confer no jurisdiction upon the appellate court.

21913–1919
Laughlin v. Dabney green
tex · 1893
2 sentences

1919As stated by Judge Hendricks in First National Bank of Wellington v. Hix, 156 S. W. 535 : “This matter is controlled by the decision in the case of Laughlin v. Dabney, 86 Tex. 120 , 24 S. W. 259 , by the Supreme Court, holding that ‘the appellee, or defendant in error, as the case may be, must file his certificate at the term of the court to which the appeal or writ of error is returnable.’ ” Chambers v. Grisham, 155 S. W. 959 ; Holland v. Brown & McFarland, 152 S. W. 1195 ; Thorn v. Lanier, 57 Tex. Civ.

1919As stated by Judge Hendricks in First National Bank of Wellington v. Hix, 156 S. W. 535 : “This matter is controlled by the decision in the case of Laughlin v. Dabney, 86 Tex. 120 , 24 S. W. 259 , by the Supreme Court, holding that ‘the appellee, or defendant in error, as the case may be, must file his certificate at the term of the court to which the appeal or writ of error is returnable.’ ” Chambers v. Grisham, 155 S. W. 959 ; Holland v. Brown & McFarland, 152 S. W. 1195 ; Thorn v. Lanier, 57 Tex. Civ.

21913–1919
Banton v. Wilson green
· 1849
21866–1907
Birge v. Conwell green
texapp · 1937
12026–2026
Jeter v. State green
· 1894
11990–1990
Ex Parte Matthews neutral
texcrimapp · 1924
11989–1989
Ex Parte Charles Beland green
texcrimapp · 1923
11989–1989
Woods Exploration & Producing Co. v. Arkla Equipment Co. green
tex · 1975
11984–1984
First National Bank of Fort Worth v. Kelley green
texapp · 1955
11983–1983
Allstate Insurance Co. v. Chance green
tex · 1979
11979–1979
Crockett v. Logue green
texapp · 1974
11979–1979
Robertson v. Land green
texapp · 1975
11979–1979
City of Houston v. Miller green
texapp · 1968
11979–1979
Maxey v. Texas Commerce Bank of Lubbock green
texapp · 1978
11979–1979
Grant v. Ammerman green
tex · 1969
11979–1979
Casray Oil Corp. v. Royal Indemnity Co. green
texapp · 1942
11979–1979
Cunningham v. City of Corpus Christi green
texapp · 1924
11979–1979
Casray Oil Corp. v. Royal Indemnity Co. green
tex · 1943
11979–1979
Hansen v. Blackmon green
texapp · 1942
11979–1979
Washington v. Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Co. neutral
tex · 1966
11976–1976

Where else courts name it

IL 142 (1843–2018) TX 107 (1866–2026) MO 70 (1867–2021) WV 37 (1883–2011) PA 26 (1934–2025) VA 26 (1881–2014) FL 24 (1882–2004) TN 23 (1910–2018) AR 20 (1888–2001) NM 14 (1907–2012) WA 13 (1891–2024) AL 13 (1854–2010) MD 11 (1858–2009) CA 9 (1901–1997) CO 9 (1864–1964) OK 9 (1912–1979) WI 9 (1872–2019) CT 9 (1972–2021) IN 8 (1902–2008) NE 8 (1897–2002) KS 6 (1902–2025) AZ 6 (1894–1982) NV 5 (1866–1962) IA 5 (1882–2014) WY 5 (1893–1983) ID 5 (1898–1966) HI 4 (1917–1940) RI 4 (1867–2004) MN 4 (1941–2017) ND 4 (1898–1975) NJ 4 (1879–1954) OR 3 (1923–1975) SC 3 (1950–1999) MT 3 (1911–1975) OH 3 (1930–1941) MI 2 (1920–1942) KY 2 (1845–1851) UT 2 (1894–1937) DC 2 (1906–1914) MS 2 (1875–1953) PR 2 (1941–1946) MA 2 (1905–1943)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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