McDonnell Douglas test (Ohio) · Go Syfert
← Ohio issues

McDonnell Douglas test in Ohio

102 Ohio opinions name it 4 courts 1985–2026 23 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Ohio courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (46)

CaseFollowedCited
Barker v. Scovill, Inc.green
ohio · 1983 · cited in 15 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1995–2022
2 sentences

2022The court subsequently adopted use of the McDonnell Douglas framework for age discrimination claims under Ohio law in Barker v. Scovill, Inc., 6 Ohio St.3d 146 (1983).

2022The court subsequently adopted use of the McDonnell Douglas framework for age discrimination claims under Ohio law in Barker v. Scovill, Inc., 6 Ohio St.3d 146 (1983).

615
Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdinegreen
scotus · 1981 · cited in 10 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1998–2024
2 sentences

2022"Establishing a prima facie case 'creates a presumption that the employer unlawfully discriminated against the employee.' " Williams v. Akron, 107 Ohio St.3d 203 , 2005-Ohio-6268 , ¶ 11, quoting Texas Dept. of Community Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 254 (1981). 5The Supreme Court adopted use of the McDonnell Douglas framework for race discrimination claims under Ohio law in Plumbers & Steamfitters Joint Apprenticeship Commt. v. Ohio Civil Rights Comm., 66 Ohio St.2d 192 (1981).

2022"Establishing a prima facie case 'creates a presumption that the employer unlawfully discriminated against the employee.' " Williams v. Akron, 107 Ohio St.3d 203 , 2005-Ohio-6268 , ¶ 11, quoting Texas Dept. of Community Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 254 (1981). 5The Supreme Court adopted use of the McDonnell Douglas framework for race discrimination claims under Ohio law in Plumbers & Steamfitters Joint Apprenticeship Commt. v. Ohio Civil Rights Comm., 66 Ohio St.2d 192 (1981).

610
Kohmescher v. Kroger Co.green
ohio · 1991 · cited in 8 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1994–2026
2 sentences

2026See Kohmescher v. Kroger Co., 61 Ohio St.3d 501, 505 (1991), citing Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Thurston, 469 U.S. 111, 121 (1985) (finding the McDonnell Douglas test inapplicable where the plaintiff presents direct evidence of discrimination).

2026See Kohmescher v. Kroger Co., 61 Ohio St.3d 501, 505 (1991), citing Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Thurston, 469 U.S. 111, 121 (1985) (finding the McDonnell Douglas test inapplicable where the plaintiff presents direct evidence of discrimination).

48
Shirley J. MITCHELL, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. TOLEDO HOSPITAL, Defendant-Appelleegreen
ca6 · 1992 · cited in 5 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1996–2021
2 sentences

2021To “prove a prima facie case of discrimination, [the] plaintiff must show: (1) that * * * she is a member of a protected group; (2) that * * * she was subject to an adverse employment decision; (3) that * * * she was qualified for the position; and (4) that * * * she was treated differently [from] similarly situated [colleagues].” Gast v. City of Martins Ferry, 2019-Ohio-1147 , 129 N.E.3d 507, ¶ 6 (7th Dist.), citing Mitchell v. Toledo Hosp., 964 F.2d 577, 582-583 (6th Cir.1992).

1996(C.A.6, 1992), 964 F.2d 577, 582 (in racial and age discrimination claim, plaintiff may show that “a comparable nonprotect-ed person was treated better” as alternative to fourth element of McDonnell Douglas test); Kohmescher v. Kroger Co. (1991), 61 Ohio St.3d 501, 504 , 575 N.E.2d 439, 441-442 (applying modified McDonnell Douglas test to age discrimination claim).

35
Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Thurstongreen
scotus · 1985 · cited in 7 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1991–2026
2 sentences

2026See Kohmescher v. Kroger Co., 61 Ohio St.3d 501, 505 (1991), citing Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Thurston, 469 U.S. 111, 121 (1985) (finding the McDonnell Douglas test inapplicable where the plaintiff presents direct evidence of discrimination).

2026See Kohmescher v. Kroger Co., 61 Ohio St.3d 501, 505 (1991), citing Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Thurston, 469 U.S. 111, 121 (1985) (finding the McDonnell Douglas test inapplicable where the plaintiff presents direct evidence of discrimination).

27
St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicksgreen
scotus · 1993 · cited in 5 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2002–2026
2 sentences

2015Mary’s Honor Ctr. v. Hicks, 509 U.S. 502, 506 , 113 S.Ct. 2742 , 125 L.Ed.2d 407 (1993). {¶32} In Hicks, the court further explained that once the employer produces some evidence in its defense “(whatever its persuasive effect), * * * the trier of fact proceeds to decide The McDonnell Douglas framework was adopted by this state in Barker v. 2 Scovill, Inc., 6 Ohio St.3d 146 , 451 N.E.2d 807 (1983).

2015Mary’s Honor Ctr. v. Hicks, 509 U.S. 502, 506 , 113 S.Ct. 2742 , 125 L.Ed.2d 407 (1993). {¶32} In Hicks, the court further explained that once the employer produces some evidence in its defense “(whatever its persuasive effect), * * * the trier of fact proceeds to decide The McDonnell Douglas framework was adopted by this state in Barker v. 2 Scovill, Inc., 6 Ohio St.3d 146 , 451 N.E.2d 807 (1983).

25
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkinsred
scotus · 1989 · cited in 4 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1996–2015
2 sentences

2015McDonnell Douglas at 802-804; Burdine at 253 . {¶33} One of the most important discrimination cases concerning the applicable causation standard in retaliation cases is Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, 490 U.S. 228 , 109 S.Ct. 1775 , 104 L.Ed.2d 268 (1989).

2015McDonnell Douglas at 802-804; Burdine at 253 . {¶33} One of the most important discrimination cases concerning the applicable causation standard in retaliation cases is Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, 490 U.S. 228 , 109 S.Ct. 1775 , 104 L.Ed.2d 268 (1989).

24
Chitwood v. Dunbar Armored, Inc.green
ohsd · 2003 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2019–2024
2 sentences

2024Instead, “the focus at this point should be on Plaintiff’s objective qualifications, such as his [or her] experience in the industry and demonstrated possession of the required general skills.” Chitwood v. Dunbar Armored, Inc., 267 F.Supp.2d 751, 756 (S.D.

2024Instead, “the focus at this point should be on Plaintiff’s objective qualifications, such as his [or her] experience in the industry and demonstrated possession of the required general skills.” Chitwood v. Dunbar Armored, Inc., 267 F.Supp.2d 751, 756 (S.D.

22
Georgie Brewer v. New Era, Inc.green
ca6 · 2014 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
2 sentences

2018Cline v. Catholic Diocese , 206 F.3d 651 , 661 (6th Cir.2000) (stating that a court must "consider[ ] whether there is sufficient evidence to create a genuine dispute at each stage of the McDonnell Douglas inquiry"); Blair v. Henry Filters, Inc. , 505 F.3d 517 , 528 (6th Cir.2007) ; Brewer v. New Era, Inc. , 564 F.Appx. 834, 840 (6th Cir.2014). {¶ 28} In their motion for summary judgment, appellees contended that appellant could not establish the fourth prong of the prima facie case.

2018Cline v. Catholic Diocese , 206 F.3d 651 , 661 (6th Cir.2000) (stating that a court must "consider[ ] whether there is sufficient evidence to create a genuine dispute at each stage of the McDonnell Douglas inquiry"); Blair v. Henry Filters, Inc. , 505 F.3d 517 , 528 (6th Cir.2007) ; Brewer v. New Era, Inc. , 564 F.Appx. 834, 840 (6th Cir.2014). {¶ 28} In their motion for summary judgment, appellees contended that appellant could not establish the fourth prong of the prima facie case.

22
Allen v. totes/Isotoner Corp.green
ohio · 2009 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016Coryell, supra, at ¶20 , modifying Barker, supra, at ¶20 , citing McDonnell Douglas, supra. The employer “may then overcome the presumption inherent in the prima facie case by propounding a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for [the employee’s] discharge.” Kohmescher, supra, at 503; see also Allen v. totes/Isotoner Corp., 123 Ohio St.3d 216 , 2009-Ohio-4231, ¶4 (citations omitted).

2016Coryell, supra, at ¶20 , modifying Barker, supra, at ¶20 , citing McDonnell Douglas, supra. The employer “may then overcome the presumption inherent in the prima facie case by propounding a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for [the employee’s] discharge.” Kohmescher, supra, at 503; see also Allen v. totes/Isotoner Corp., 123 Ohio St.3d 216 , 2009-Ohio-4231, ¶4 (citations omitted).

22
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Greengreen
scotus · 1973 · cited in 24 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1985–2025
2 sentences

2021According to the McDonnell Douglas test, “the plaintiff must first establish a prima facie case of discrimination.” Wholf, 2015-Ohio-171 , 26 N.E.3d 902 , ¶ 30, citing McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802 , 93 S.Ct. 1817 , 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973).

2021According to the McDonnell Douglas test, “the plaintiff must first establish a prima facie case of discrimination.” Wholf, 2015-Ohio-171 , 26 N.E.3d 902 , ¶ 30, citing McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802 , 93 S.Ct. 1817 , 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973).

124
Mauzy v. Kelly Services, Inc.green
ohio · 1996 · cited in 6 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1996–2017
2 sentences

2017Manion v. Interbrand Design Forum, L.L.C., 2015-Ohio-348 , 27 N.E.3d 1007 , ¶ 12 (2nd Dist.), citing Mauzy v. Kelly Services, Inc., 75 Ohio St.3d 578, 582 , 664 N.E.2d 1272 (1996). {¶19} Under the McDonnell Douglas test, the plaintiff must first prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, a prima facie case of discrimination.

2017Manion v. Interbrand Design Forum, L.L.C., 2015-Ohio-348 , 27 N.E.3d 1007 , ¶ 12 (2nd Dist.), citing Mauzy v. Kelly Services, Inc., 75 Ohio St.3d 578, 582 , 664 N.E.2d 1272 (1996). {¶19} Under the McDonnell Douglas test, the plaintiff must first prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, a prima facie case of discrimination.

16
Plumbers & Steamfitters Joint Apprenticeship Committee v. Ohio Civil Rights Commissiongreen
ohio · 1981 · cited in 4 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2004–2023
2 sentences

2022"Establishing a prima facie case 'creates a presumption that the employer unlawfully discriminated against the employee.' " Williams v. Akron, 107 Ohio St.3d 203 , 2005-Ohio-6268 , ¶ 11, quoting Texas Dept. of Community Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 254 (1981). 5The Supreme Court adopted use of the McDonnell Douglas framework for race discrimination claims under Ohio law in Plumbers & Steamfitters Joint Apprenticeship Commt. v. Ohio Civil Rights Comm., 66 Ohio St.2d 192 (1981).

2022"Establishing a prima facie case 'creates a presumption that the employer unlawfully discriminated against the employee.' " Williams v. Akron, 107 Ohio St.3d 203 , 2005-Ohio-6268 , ¶ 11, quoting Texas Dept. of Community Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 254 (1981). 5The Supreme Court adopted use of the McDonnell Douglas framework for race discrimination claims under Ohio law in Plumbers & Steamfitters Joint Apprenticeship Commt. v. Ohio Civil Rights Comm., 66 Ohio St.2d 192 (1981).

14
cluster 767990green
ca6 · 2000 · cited in 4 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2005–2018
2 sentences

2018Cline v. Catholic Diocese , 206 F.3d 651 , 661 (6th Cir.2000) (stating that a court must "consider[ ] whether there is sufficient evidence to create a genuine dispute at each stage of the McDonnell Douglas inquiry"); Blair v. Henry Filters, Inc. , 505 F.3d 517 , 528 (6th Cir.2007) ; Brewer v. New Era, Inc. , 564 F.Appx. 834, 840 (6th Cir.2014). {¶ 28} In their motion for summary judgment, appellees contended that appellant could not establish the fourth prong of the prima facie case.

2018Cline v. Catholic Diocese , 206 F.3d 651 , 661 (6th Cir.2000) (stating that a court must "consider[ ] whether there is sufficient evidence to create a genuine dispute at each stage of the McDonnell Douglas inquiry"); Blair v. Henry Filters, Inc. , 505 F.3d 517 , 528 (6th Cir.2007) ; Brewer v. New Era, Inc. , 564 F.Appx. 834, 840 (6th Cir.2014). {¶ 28} In their motion for summary judgment, appellees contended that appellant could not establish the fourth prong of the prima facie case.

14
cluster 747625green
ca6 · 1998 · cited in 3 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1998–2024
2 sentences

2024Therefore, the burden next shifts to the Attorney General to “ ‘articulate some legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for the employee’s rejection.’ ” Id., quoting Kline v. TVA, 128 F.3d 337 , 342 (6th Cir.1997) and Tex. Dept. of Community Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 252-53 (1981).

2024Therefore, the burden next shifts to the Attorney General to “ ‘articulate some legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for the employee’s rejection.’ ” Id., quoting Kline v. TVA, 128 F.3d 337 , 342 (6th Cir.1997) and Tex. Dept. of Community Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 252-53 (1981).

13
Osborne v. Ohio Reformatory for Womengreen
· 2021 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2026
2 sentences

2026The court then concluded Ms. Fields-Arnold “failed to submit any evidence that a non-protected employee ‘dealt with the same supervisor, ha[s] been subjected to the same standards[,] and [has] engaged in the same conduct without such differentiating or mitigating No. 25AP-485 9 circumstances that would distinguish their conduct or the employer’s treatment of them for it.’ ” (Decision at 9, quoting Brehm v. Macintosh Co., 2019-Ohio-5322, ¶ 39 (10th Dist.), and Osborn v. Ohio Reformatory for Women, 2021-Ohio-1036, ¶ 23 (10th Dist.).) The court noted that Ms. Fields-Arnold “admit[ted] the employe

2026The court then concluded Ms. Fields-Arnold “failed to submit any evidence that a non-protected employee ‘dealt with the same supervisor, ha[s] been subjected to the same standards[,] and [has] engaged in the same conduct without such differentiating or mitigating No. 25AP-485 9 circumstances that would distinguish their conduct or the employer’s treatment of them for it.’ ” (Decision at 9, quoting Brehm v. Macintosh Co., 2019-Ohio-5322, ¶ 39 (10th Dist.), and Osborn v. Ohio Reformatory for Women, 2021-Ohio-1036, ¶ 23 (10th Dist.).) The court noted that Ms. Fields-Arnold “admit[ted] the employe

12
Cicero v. Borg-Warner Automotive, Inc.green
ca6 · 2002 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2023–2024
2 sentences

2024Ohio Apr. 4, 2019), quoting Cicero v. Borg-Warner Auto., Inc., 280 F.3d 579 , 585 (6th Cir. 2002). “[A] court cannot conflate the prima facie analysis with the second stage of the McDonnell Douglas inquiry.” Leib at id., citing Wexler at id.

2024Ohio Apr. 4, 2019), quoting Cicero v. Borg-Warner Auto., Inc., 280 F.3d 579 , 585 (6th Cir. 2002). “[A] court cannot conflate the prima facie analysis with the second stage of the McDonnell Douglas inquiry.” Leib at id., citing Wexler at id.

12
Blair v. Henry Filters, Inc.green
ca6 · 2007 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
2 sentences

2018Cline v. Catholic Diocese , 206 F.3d 651 , 661 (6th Cir.2000) (stating that a court must "consider[ ] whether there is sufficient evidence to create a genuine dispute at each stage of the McDonnell Douglas inquiry"); Blair v. Henry Filters, Inc. , 505 F.3d 517 , 528 (6th Cir.2007) ; Brewer v. New Era, Inc. , 564 F.Appx. 834, 840 (6th Cir.2014). {¶ 28} In their motion for summary judgment, appellees contended that appellant could not establish the fourth prong of the prima facie case.

2018Cline v. Catholic Diocese , 206 F.3d 651 , 661 (6th Cir.2000) (stating that a court must "consider[ ] whether there is sufficient evidence to create a genuine dispute at each stage of the McDonnell Douglas inquiry"); Blair v. Henry Filters, Inc. , 505 F.3d 517 , 528 (6th Cir.2007) ; Brewer v. New Era, Inc. , 564 F.Appx. 834, 840 (6th Cir.2014). {¶ 28} In their motion for summary judgment, appellees contended that appellant could not establish the fourth prong of the prima facie case.

12
Provenzano v. LCI Holdings, Inc.green
ca6 · 2011 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
11
Harold F. Braithwaite v. The Timken Companygreen
ca6 · 2001 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
2 sentences

2026(Emphasis in original.) Manzer at 1084 . {¶ 27} Importantly, regardless of the method used to refute the employer’s proffered reason, “the plaintiff retains the ultimate burden of producing sufficient evidence from which the jury could reasonably reject [the defendants’] explanation and infer that the defendants intentionally discriminated against him.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Johnson at 866 , quoting Braithwaite v. Timken Co., 258 F.3d 488, 493 (6th Cir. 2001). {¶ 28} At the summary judgment stage, for the third prong of the McDonnell Douglas analysis, a plaintiff “must identify e

2026(Emphasis in original.) Manzer at 1084 . {¶ 27} Importantly, regardless of the method used to refute the employer’s proffered reason, “the plaintiff retains the ultimate burden of producing sufficient evidence from which the jury could reasonably reject [the defendants’] explanation and infer that the defendants intentionally discriminated against him.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Johnson at 866 , quoting Braithwaite v. Timken Co., 258 F.3d 488, 493 (6th Cir. 2001). {¶ 28} At the summary judgment stage, for the third prong of the McDonnell Douglas analysis, a plaintiff “must identify e

11
Stanley Johnson v. The Kroger Companygreen
ca6 · 2003 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
11
Sharon MacY v. Hopkins County School Board of Educationgreen
ca6 · 2007 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
11
Brehm v. MacIntosh Co.green
ohioctapp · 2019 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
2 sentences

2026The court then concluded Ms. Fields-Arnold “failed to submit any evidence that a non-protected employee ‘dealt with the same supervisor, ha[s] been subjected to the same standards[,] and [has] engaged in the same conduct without such differentiating or mitigating No. 25AP-485 9 circumstances that would distinguish their conduct or the employer’s treatment of them for it.’ ” (Decision at 9, quoting Brehm v. Macintosh Co., 2019-Ohio-5322, ¶ 39 (10th Dist.), and Osborn v. Ohio Reformatory for Women, 2021-Ohio-1036, ¶ 23 (10th Dist.).) The court noted that Ms. Fields-Arnold “admit[ted] the employe

2026The court then concluded Ms. Fields-Arnold “failed to submit any evidence that a non-protected employee ‘dealt with the same supervisor, ha[s] been subjected to the same standards[,] and [has] engaged in the same conduct without such differentiating or mitigating No. 25AP-485 9 circumstances that would distinguish their conduct or the employer’s treatment of them for it.’ ” (Decision at 9, quoting Brehm v. Macintosh Co., 2019-Ohio-5322, ¶ 39 (10th Dist.), and Osborn v. Ohio Reformatory for Women, 2021-Ohio-1036, ¶ 23 (10th Dist.).) The court noted that Ms. Fields-Arnold “admit[ted] the employe

11
Mickey v. Zeidler Tool and Die Co.green
ca6 · 2008 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
11
James Dixon, Jr. v. Alberto Gonzales, United States Attorney General and Robert S. Mueller, Iii, Fbi Directorgreen
ca6 · 2007 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
11
Ohio Farmers Ins. Co. v. Heiselgreen
· 1944 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
11
Nelson v. Univ. of Cincinnatigreen
ohioctapp · 2017 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
11
Janiszewski v. Belmont Career Ctr.green
ohioctapp · 2017 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
11
Vossman v. AirNet Sys.green
ohioctapp · 2013 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
11
Waddell v. Grant/Riverside Med. Care Found.green
ohioctapp · 2017 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
Myers v. Cuyahoga Cnty OHgreen
ca6 · 2006 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
11
Greene v. City of Cincinnati, C-070830 (9-26-2008)green
ohioctapp · 2008 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
11
Russell v. University of Toledogreen
ca6 · 2008 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
11
Everett Perry v. Kenneth McGinnisgreen
ca6 · 2000 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
11
Gast v. City of Martins Ferrygreen
ohioctapp · 2019 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
11
Roscoe C. Rowan, III and Charles A. Washington v. Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc.green
ca6 · 2004 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
11
Bobby Brown v. Packaging Corporation of Americagreen
ca6 · 2003 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
Frank L. LOEB, Plaintiff, v. TEXTRON, INC., Et Al., Defendantsgreen
ca1 · 1979 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
Merrianne Weberg v. Randy Franksgreen
ca6 · 2000 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
Lee E. WANGER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. G.A. GRAY COMPANY, Defendant-Appelleegreen
ca6 · 1989 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Ohio. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (34)

CaseCitedYears
O'CONNOR v. Consolidated Coin Caterers Corp. green
scotus · 1996
2 sentences

2004Petree and Klatt, JJ., concur. 1 The United States Supreme Court somewhat departed from the McDonnell Douglas standard in O'Connor v. Consolidated Coin Caterers Corp. (1996), 517 U.S. 308 , 116 S.Ct. 1307 , in which the court rejected the requirement under McDonnell Douglas that a plaintiff alleged that he was replaced by someone outside the age group specifically protected by the applicable state or federal anti-discrimination statute.

2004Petree and Klatt, JJ., concur. 1 The United States Supreme Court somewhat departed from the McDonnell Douglas standard in O'Connor v. Consolidated Coin Caterers Corp. (1996), 517 U.S. 308 , 116 S.Ct. 1307 , in which the court rejected the requirement under McDonnell Douglas that a plaintiff alleged that he was replaced by someone outside the age group specifically protected by the applicable state or federal anti-discrimination statute.

71998–2004
Coryell v. Bank One Trust Co. N.A. green
ohio · 2004
2 sentences

2013See also McFee v. Nursing Care Mgt. of Am., Inc., 126 Ohio St.3d 183 , 2010-Ohio-2744, ¶ 35 (The McDonnell Douglas analysis should be involved in cases where indirect evidence of sex discrimination is alleged); Greer-Burger v. Temesi, 116 Ohio St.3d 324 , 2007-Ohio-6442 , ¶ 13-14 (Courts should apply the burden-shifting framework of McDonnell Douglas in cases of retaliatory discharge); Coryell v. Bank One Trust Co. N.A., 101 Ohio St.3d 175 , 2004-Ohio-723 , ¶ 8-9 (Courts should apply the McDonnell Douglas paradigm in age-discrimination cases.).

2013See also McFee v. Nursing Care Mgt. of Am., Inc., 126 Ohio St.3d 183 , 2010-Ohio-2744, ¶ 35 (The McDonnell Douglas analysis should be involved in cases where indirect evidence of sex discrimination is alleged); Greer-Burger v. Temesi, 116 Ohio St.3d 324 , 2007-Ohio-6442 , ¶ 13-14 (Courts should apply the burden-shifting framework of McDonnell Douglas in cases of retaliatory discharge); Coryell v. Bank One Trust Co. N.A., 101 Ohio St.3d 175 , 2004-Ohio-723 , ¶ 8-9 (Courts should apply the McDonnell Douglas paradigm in age-discrimination cases.).

42013–2022
Williams v. City of Akron green
ohio · 2005
2 sentences

2022"Establishing a prima facie case 'creates a presumption that the employer unlawfully discriminated against the employee.' " Williams v. Akron, 107 Ohio St.3d 203 , 2005-Ohio-6268 , ¶ 11, quoting Texas Dept. of Community Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 254 (1981). 5The Supreme Court adopted use of the McDonnell Douglas framework for race discrimination claims under Ohio law in Plumbers & Steamfitters Joint Apprenticeship Commt. v. Ohio Civil Rights Comm., 66 Ohio St.2d 192 (1981).

2022"Establishing a prima facie case 'creates a presumption that the employer unlawfully discriminated against the employee.' " Williams v. Akron, 107 Ohio St.3d 203 , 2005-Ohio-6268 , ¶ 11, quoting Texas Dept. of Community Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 254 (1981). 5The Supreme Court adopted use of the McDonnell Douglas framework for race discrimination claims under Ohio law in Plumbers & Steamfitters Joint Apprenticeship Commt. v. Ohio Civil Rights Comm., 66 Ohio St.2d 192 (1981).

32010–2022
Smith v. Ohio Dept. of Pub. Safety green
ohioctapp · 2013
2 sentences

2018Safety , 2013-Ohio-4210 , 997 N.E.2d 597 , ¶ 59 (10th Dist.). {¶ 25} Under the McDonnell Douglas framework, a plaintiff-employee bears the initial burden of establishing a prima facie case of retaliation.

2018Safety , 2013-Ohio-4210 , 997 N.E.2d 597 , ¶ 59 (10th Dist.). {¶ 25} Under the McDonnell Douglas framework, a plaintiff-employee bears the initial burden of establishing a prima facie case of retaliation.

22018–2023
Leslie v. Ohio Department of Development green
ohioctapp · 2007
2 sentences

2022This is a burden of production, not persuasion, and is satisfied if the employer " 'introduce[s] evidence which taken as true, would permit the conclusion that there was a nondiscriminatory reason for the adverse action.' " (Emphasis sic.) Id., quoting St.

2022This is a burden of production, not persuasion, and is satisfied if the employer " 'introduce[s] evidence which taken as true, would permit the conclusion that there was a nondiscriminatory reason for the adverse action.' " (Emphasis sic.) Id., quoting St.

22021–2022
Miller v. Potash Corp. of Saskatchewan, Inc. green
ohioctapp · 2010
2 sentences

2016However, “[b]ecause discriminatory intent is seldom evidenced by overt actions and direct evidence, plaintiffs are more likely to [utilize] the McDonnell Douglas evidentiary framework to establish a prima facie case.” Miller, supra, at ¶19 , citing McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973). {¶19} Under the McDonnell Douglas framework, the plaintiff must first raise a presumption of discrimination by establishing that (1) the employee was a member of a statutorily-protected class; (2) the employee was discharged; (3) the employee was qualified for the position; and (4) the employee’

2016However, “[b]ecause discriminatory intent is seldom evidenced by overt actions and direct evidence, plaintiffs are more likely to [utilize] the McDonnell Douglas evidentiary framework to establish a prima facie case.” Miller, supra, at ¶19 , citing McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973). {¶19} Under the McDonnell Douglas framework, the plaintiff must first raise a presumption of discrimination by establishing that (1) the employee was a member of a statutorily-protected class; (2) the employee was discharged; (3) the employee was qualified for the position; and (4) the employee’

22016–2016
Anthony Clayton v. Meijer, Incorporated green
ca6 · 2002
2 sentences

2011Clayton v. Meijer, Inc. (C.A.6, 2002), 281 F.3d 605, 610 .

2011Clayton v. Meijer, Inc. (C.A.6, 2002), 281 F.3d 605, 610 .

22006–2011
Byrnes v. LCI Communication Holdings Co. green
ohio · 1996
2 sentences

2011Byrnes v. LCI Communication Holdings Co. (1996), 77 Ohio St.3d 125, 128 . {¶24} Analyzing this case under the McDonnell Douglas framework leads to a different result.

2011Byrnes v. LCI Communication Holdings Co. (1996), 77 Ohio St.3d 125, 128 . {¶24} Analyzing this case under the McDonnell Douglas framework leads to a different result.

22003–2011
Sharon L. Gragg v. Somerset Technical College green
ca6 · 2004
2 sentences

2005College (C.A.6, 2004), 373 F.3d 763 , 768 . {¶ 39} At issue in this matter is the fourth prong of the McDonnell Douglas test, i.e., whether appellant has established that a similarly-situated male was treated more favorably.

2005College (C.A.6, 2004), 373 F.3d 763 , 768 . {¶ 39} At issue in this matter is the fourth prong of the McDonnell Douglas test, i.e., whether appellant has established that a similarly-situated male was treated more favorably.

22005–2005
Lewis v. Humboldt Acquisition Corp., Inc. green
ca6 · 2012
2 sentences

2026School Bd. of Edn., 484 F.3d 357, 364 (6th Cir. 2007), overruled in part by Lewis Humboldt Acquisition Corp., 681 F.3d 312 (6th Cir. 2012).

2026School Bd. of Edn., 484 F.3d 357, 364 (6th Cir. 2007), overruled in part by Lewis Humboldt Acquisition Corp., 681 F.3d 312 (6th Cir. 2012).

12026–2026
Atkinson v. Akron Bd. of Edn., Unpublished Decision (3-8-2006) green
ohioctapp · 2006
12023–2023
Ames v. Ohio Dept. of Rehab. & Corr. green
ohioctapp · 2014
12023–2023
Wholf v. Tremco, Inc. neutral
ohioctapp · 2015
12021–2021
Sweet v. Abbott Foods, Inc., Unpublished Decision (12-27-2005) green
ohioctapp · 2005
12019–2019
Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N. A. green
scotus · 2002
12017–2017
Edward E. ERCEGOVICH, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee green
ca6 · 1998
12017–2017
Chenevery v. Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Auth. green
ohioctapp · 2013
12017–2017
Brogan v. Family Video Movie Club, Inc. green
ohioctapp · 2015
12017–2017
Manion v. Interbrand Design Forum, L.L.C. green
ohioctapp · 2015
12017–2017
Mitchell v. Lemmie, 21511 (10-26-2007) green
ohioctapp · 2007
12017–2017
Ferguson v. Lear Corporation green
ohioctapp · 2003
12014–2014
Greer-Burger v. Temesi green
ohio · 2007
12013–2013
Marcus A. Noble v. Brinker International, Inc. green
ca6 · 2004
12011–2011
Hood v. Diamond Products, Inc. green
ohio · 1996
12011–2011
Amanda Reeves v. Swift Transportation Company, Inc., Also Known as Swift Transportation Corporation green
ca6 · 2006
12010–2010
Wang v. Goodyear Tire Rubber Co. green
ohioctapp · 1990
12007–2007
Linda M. Kocsis v. Multi-Care Management, Inc., D/B/A Bath Manor Special Care Centre green
ca6 · 1996
12006–2006
Crable v. Nestle USA, Inc., Unpublished Decision (6-8-2006) green
ohioctapp · 2006
12006–2006
Heard v. Lockheed Missiles & Space Co. green
calctapp · 1996
12005–2005
Carzell Moore v. Walter D. Zant, Warden, Georgia Diagnostic and Classification Center green
ca11 · 1984
12005–2005
Patricia J. Kenworthy v. Conoco, Inc. green
ca10 · 1992
12005–2005
Charlie Dews v. A.B. Dick Company green
ca6 · 2000
12005–2005
Samadder v. DMF of Ohio, Inc. green
ohioctapp · 2003
12005–2005
Paldano v. Althin Medical, Inc. green
flsd · 1996
12005–2005

Where else courts name it

CA 173 (1992–2026) OH 102 (1985–2026) TX 100 (1993–2026) MI 83 (1997–2026) MN 78 (1985–2025) NJ 54 (1978–2026) TN 39 (1997–2020) WA 30 (1985–2025) IA 24 (1990–2026) VT 22 (1979–2026) PA 20 (1983–2026) KY 19 (2002–2025) NM 18 (1990–2025) IL 16 (1989–2026) MA 15 (1994–2025) WV 15 (1985–2025) NY 13 (2012–2026) DC 13 (2000–2025) HI 11 (1997–2025) MO 10 (1984–2024) MD 10 (2000–2025) DE 10 (1980–2026) ME 10 (2003–2023) RI 9 (2004–2017) GA 9 (2013–2023) CT 9 (1991–2024) FL 8 (2007–2024) MT 8 (1987–2007) ND 7 (1993–2015) MS 7 (1991–2017) NE 6 (1999–2017) IN 6 (1995–2009) LA 5 (2005–2022) NC 5 (2004–2019) AK 5 (1983–2019) SD 4 (2006–2018) KS 3 (1990–2024) NH 3 (2001–2024) ID 3 (1979–2018) VA 3 (1997–2011) UT 3 (2022–2025) CO 2 (2000–2001) WY 2 (2006–2009) VI 2 (2015–2015) AR 2 (2013–2014) WI 2 (1985–2016)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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