preponderance of evidence standard (Colorado) · Go Syfert
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preponderance of evidence standard in Colorado

14 Colorado opinions name it 2 courts 1982–2024 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Colorado courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (10)

CaseFollowedCited
People v. Romerogreen
colo · 1987 · cited in 3 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1988–2002
2 sentences

2002See Colorado v. Connelly, 479 U.S. 157 , 107 S.Ct. 515 , 93 L.Ed.2d 473 (1986); People v. Romero, 745 P.2d 1003, 1016-18 (Colo.1987)(adopting the preponderance of evidence standard for resolving challenges to the reliability of testimony from a previously hypnotized witness). .

2002See Colorado v. Connelly, 479 U.S. 157 , 107 S.Ct. 515 , 93 L.Ed.2d 473 (1986); People v. Romero, 745 P.2d 1003, 1016-18 (Colo.1987)(adopting the preponderance of evidence standard for resolving challenges to the reliability of testimony from a previously hypnotized witness). [4] Although Wagner testified at trial that she thought the first robber was approximately five feet eight inches tall, Detective Grose testified at the suppression hearing that during his investigation of the robbery Wagner told him the first robber was between five feet, eight inches and five feet, eleven inches tall.

33
People v. Montoyagreen
colo · 1988 · cited in 2 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1990–1991
2 sentences

1991For example, we held in People v. Montoya, 753 P.2d 729 (Colo.1988), that a trial court must apply the preponderance-of-evidence standard in determining whether the evidentia-ry antecedents for the admission of an out-of-court statement of an alleged co-conspirator under CRE 801(d)(2)(E) have been established.

1991The court of appeals also acknowledged this court’s adoption of the preponderance-of-evidence standard in People v. Montoya, 753 P.2d 729 (Colo.1988), as the appropriate standard for resolving preliminary questions of admissibility under the Colorado Rules of Evidence.

12
People v. Taylorgreen
colo · 1980 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024“The preponderance of evidence standard only requires proof that ‘the existence of a contested fact is more probable than its nonexistence.’” Dyson, ¶ 14 (quoting People v. Taylor, 618 P.2d 1127, 1135 (Colo. 1980)). 11 ¶ 25 The appropriate standard of review in restitution cases depends on the issue the trial court decided and that we are reviewing.

11
Page v. Clarkgreen
colo · 1979 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022As relevant here, the plaintiff must prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that the speaker made the statements with “actual malice.” Lawson, ¶ 18. 16 ¶ 36 In contrast to the preponderance of evidence standard — which only requires proof that a fact is “more probable” than not, Page v. Clark, 197 Colo. 306, 318 , 592 P.2d 792, 800 (1979) (quoting Charles T.

2022As relevant here, the plaintiff must prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that the speaker made the statements with “actual malice.” Lawson, ¶ 18. 16 ¶ 36 In contrast to the preponderance of evidence standard — which only requires proof that a fact is “more probable” than not, Page v. Clark, 197 Colo. 306, 318 , 592 P.2d 792, 800 (1979) (quoting Charles T.

11
ion Maternity v. Burrengreen
colo · 2020 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022McCormick, The Law of Evidence § 339 (2nd ed. 1972)) — the clear and convincing standard requires proof that a fact is “highly probable and free from serious or substantial doubt.” Destination Maternity v. Burren, 2020 CO 41, ¶ 10 (citation omitted). ¶ 37 A communication is made with actual malice if it is published with “actual knowledge that it was false” or “with reckless disregard for whether it was true.” L.S.S., ¶ 40.

11
People v. Kellygreen
coloctapp · 1996 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
2 sentences

2010As such, they are not subject to the preponderance of evidence standard, which is applicable here, but to the more stringent, beyond a reasonable doubt standard. § 16-11-206(8); see also People v. Kelly, 919 P.2d 866, 868 (Colo.App.1996) (applying similar analysis to distinguish Thomas and T.M.H.).

2010As such, they are not subject to the preponderance of evidence standard, which is applicable here, but to the more stringent, beyond a reasonable doubt standard. § 16-11-206(3); see also People v. Kelly, 919 P.2d 866, 868 (Colo.App. 1996) (applying similar analysis to distinguish Thomas and T.M.H. ).

11
Huffman v. Westmoreland Coal Co.green
coloctapp · 2009 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
1 sentence

2009The court in Itin did not reach the issue of the burden of proof, but it noted "that a majority of federal cireuits have adopted a preponderance of the evidence standard of proof in [Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act] actions, which also provide civil remedies based on violations of criminal offenses," and that "the [United States] Supreme Court, while not expressly reaching this issue, appears to approve of the preponderance of evidence standard." 17 P.3d at 136 n. 12 (citing Sedima, S.P.R.L. v. Imrex Co., 473 U.S. 479, 491 , 105 S.Ct. 3275 , 87 L.Ed.2d 346 (1985)); see also

11
Haystack Ranch, LLC v. Fazziogreen
colo · 2000 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
1 sentence

2005E.g., Haystack Ranch, LLC v. Fazzio, 997 P.2d 548, 552 (Colo.2000).

11
Colorado v. Connellygreen
scotus · 1986 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002See Colorado v. Connelly, 479 U.S. 157 , 107 S.Ct. 515 , 93 L.Ed.2d 473 (1986); People v. Romero, 745 P.2d 1003, 1016-18 (Colo.1987)(adopting the preponderance of evidence standard for resolving challenges to the reliability of testimony from a previously hypnotized witness). [4] Although Wagner testified at trial that she thought the first robber was approximately five feet eight inches tall, Detective Grose testified at the suppression hearing that during his investigation of the robbery Wagner told him the first robber was between five feet, eight inches and five feet, eleven inches tall.

2002See Colorado v. Connelly, 479 U.S. 157 , 107 S.Ct. 515 , 93 L.Ed.2d 473 (1986); People v. Romero, 745 P.2d 1003, 1016-18 (Colo.1987)(adopting the preponderance of evidence standard for resolving challenges to the reliability of testimony from a previously hypnotized witness). [4] Although Wagner testified at trial that she thought the first robber was approximately five feet eight inches tall, Detective Grose testified at the suppression hearing that during his investigation of the robbery Wagner told him the first robber was between five feet, eight inches and five feet, eleven inches tall.

11
Warden, Maryland Penitentiary v. Haydengreen
scotus · 1967 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
2 sentences

1987See, e.g., Warden v. Hayden, 387 U.S. 294 , 87 S.Ct. 1642 , 18 L.Ed.2d 782 (1967); McCall v. People, 623 P.2d 397 (Colo.1981).

1987See, e.g., Warden v. Hayden, 387 U.S. 294 , 87 S.Ct. 1642 , 18 L.Ed.2d 782 (1967); McCall v. People, 623 P.2d 397 (Colo.1981).

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Colorado. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (14)

CaseCitedYears
Santosky v. Kramer green
scotus · 1982
2 sentences

1982In Santosky v. Kramer, ___ U.S. ___, 102 S.Ct. 1388 , 71 L.Ed.2d 599 (1982), the United States Supreme Court considered whether a state may terminate the parent-child relationship upon proof of the alleged grounds for termination under a preponderance of evidence standard only.

1982In Santosky v. Kramer, ___ U.S. ___, 102 S.Ct. 1388 , 71 L.Ed.2d 599 (1982), the United States Supreme Court considered whether a state may terminate the parent-child relationship upon proof of the alleged grounds for termination under a preponderance of evidence standard only.

41982–1982
Mathews v. Eldridge green
scotus · 1976
2 sentences

1982In approving the use of such an adjudication as a predicate for a termination proceeding, the court employed the three-factor balancing test basic to due process analysis, e.g., Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319 , 96 S.Ct. 893 , 47 L.Ed.2d 18 (1976), and stated: "The product of this three-factor balancing process as applied to Colorado statutes is that the private interest affected will receive full protection, the risk of error in fact finding will not be appreciably increased, and the substantial governmental interest in providing assistance and treatment to help families with dependent or n

1982In approving the use of such an adjudication as a predicate for a termination proceeding, the court employed the three-factor balancing test basic to due process analysis, e.g., Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319 , 96 S.Ct. 893 , 47 L.Ed.2d 18 (1976), and stated: "The product of this three-factor balancing process as applied to Colorado statutes is that the private interest affected will receive full protection, the risk of error in fact finding will not be appreciably increased, and the substantial governmental interest in providing assistance and treatment to help families with dependent or n

21982–1982
People in Interest of AMD green
colo · 1982
2 sentences

1982In People in the Interest of A.M.D., 648 P.2d 625 (Colo.1982), this court considered whether a dependency adjudication determined under the preponderance of evidence standard may support an application for termination of parental rights under section 19-11-105, C.R.S.1973 (1978 Repl.Vol. 8 and 1981 Supp.).

1982In People in the Interest of A.M.D., 648 P.2d 625 (Colo.1982), this court considered whether a dependency adjudication determined under the preponderance of evidence standard may support an application for termination of parental rights under section 19-11-105, C.R.S.1973 (1978 Repl.Vol. 8 and 1981 Supp.).

21982–1982
v. Barbre green
coloctapp · 2018
1 sentence

2024People v. Barbre, 2018 COA 123, ¶ 24 .

12024–2024
Scott v. Scott Paper Company green
ala · 1967
2 sentences

2009The only published decision we have found that has applied a different analysis in an employee theft case is Scott v. Scott Paper Co., 280 Ala. 486 , 195 So.2d 540 (1967), reversing 43 Ala.App. 532 , 195 So.2d 536 (1966).

2009The only published decision we have found that has applied a different analysis in an employee theft case is Scott v. Scott Paper Co., 280 Ala. 486 , 195 So.2d 540 (1967), reversing 43 Ala.App. 532 , 195 So.2d 536 (1966).

12009–2009
Scott v. Scott Paper Co. neutral
alactapp · 1966
2 sentences

2009The only published decision we have found that has applied a different analysis in an employee theft case is Scott v. Scott Paper Co., 280 Ala. 486 , 195 So.2d 540 (1967), reversing 43 Ala.App. 532 , 195 So.2d 536 (1966).

2009The only published decision we have found that has applied a different analysis in an employee theft case is Scott v. Scott Paper Co., 280 Ala. 486 , 195 So.2d 540 (1967), reversing 43 Ala.App. 532 , 195 So.2d 536 (1966).

12009–2009
Sedima, S. P. R. L. v. Imrex Co. green
scotus · 1985
2 sentences

2009The court in Itin did not reach the issue of the burden of proof, but it noted "that a majority of federal cireuits have adopted a preponderance of the evidence standard of proof in [Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act] actions, which also provide civil remedies based on violations of criminal offenses," and that "the [United States] Supreme Court, while not expressly reaching this issue, appears to approve of the preponderance of evidence standard." 17 P.3d at 136 n. 12 (citing Sedima, S.P.R.L. v. Imrex Co., 473 U.S. 479, 491 , 105 S.Ct. 3275 , 87 L.Ed.2d 346 (1985)); see also

2009The court in Itin did not reach the issue of the burden of proof, but it noted "that a majority of federal cireuits have adopted a preponderance of the evidence standard of proof in [Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act] actions, which also provide civil remedies based on violations of criminal offenses," and that "the [United States] Supreme Court, while not expressly reaching this issue, appears to approve of the preponderance of evidence standard." 17 P.3d at 136 n. 12 (citing Sedima, S.P.R.L. v. Imrex Co., 473 U.S. 479, 491 , 105 S.Ct. 3275 , 87 L.Ed.2d 346 (1985)); see also

12009–2009
Itin v. Ungar green
colo · 2000
1 sentence

2009The court in Itin did not reach the issue of the burden of proof, but it noted "that a majority of federal cireuits have adopted a preponderance of the evidence standard of proof in [Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act] actions, which also provide civil remedies based on violations of criminal offenses," and that "the [United States] Supreme Court, while not expressly reaching this issue, appears to approve of the preponderance of evidence standard." 17 P.3d at 136 n. 12 (citing Sedima, S.P.R.L. v. Imrex Co., 473 U.S. 479, 491 , 105 S.Ct. 3275 , 87 L.Ed.2d 346 (1985)); see also

12009–2009
Stull v. People red
colo · 1959
2 sentences

1991The court, however, believed that this court’s adoption of the clear and convincing standard in People v. Botham, 629 P.2d 589 (Colo.1981), as well as this court's decisions in People v. Honey, 198 Colo. 64 , 596 P.2d 751 (1979) and Stull v. People, 140 Colo. 278 , 344 P.2d 455 (1959), contained the controlling standards for ruling on the admissibility of other-crime evidence, notwithstanding the fact that these cases were not decided under the Colorado Rules of Evidence but rather were common law decisions predating the adoption of the Colorado Rules of Evidence. .

1991The court, however, believed that this court’s adoption of the clear and convincing standard in People v. Botham, 629 P.2d 589 (Colo.1981), as well as this court's decisions in People v. Honey, 198 Colo. 64 , 596 P.2d 751 (1979) and Stull v. People, 140 Colo. 278 , 344 P.2d 455 (1959), contained the controlling standards for ruling on the admissibility of other-crime evidence, notwithstanding the fact that these cases were not decided under the Colorado Rules of Evidence but rather were common law decisions predating the adoption of the Colorado Rules of Evidence. .

11991–1991
People v. Honey red
colo · 1979
2 sentences

1991The court, however, believed that this court’s adoption of the clear and convincing standard in People v. Botham, 629 P.2d 589 (Colo.1981), as well as this court's decisions in People v. Honey, 198 Colo. 64 , 596 P.2d 751 (1979) and Stull v. People, 140 Colo. 278 , 344 P.2d 455 (1959), contained the controlling standards for ruling on the admissibility of other-crime evidence, notwithstanding the fact that these cases were not decided under the Colorado Rules of Evidence but rather were common law decisions predating the adoption of the Colorado Rules of Evidence. .

1991The court, however, believed that this court’s adoption of the clear and convincing standard in People v. Botham, 629 P.2d 589 (Colo.1981), as well as this court's decisions in People v. Honey, 198 Colo. 64 , 596 P.2d 751 (1979) and Stull v. People, 140 Colo. 278 , 344 P.2d 455 (1959), contained the controlling standards for ruling on the admissibility of other-crime evidence, notwithstanding the fact that these cases were not decided under the Colorado Rules of Evidence but rather were common law decisions predating the adoption of the Colorado Rules of Evidence. .

11991–1991
People v. Botham red
colo · 1981
1 sentence

1991The court, however, believed that this court’s adoption of the clear and convincing standard in People v. Botham, 629 P.2d 589 (Colo.1981), as well as this court's decisions in People v. Honey, 198 Colo. 64 , 596 P.2d 751 (1979) and Stull v. People, 140 Colo. 278 , 344 P.2d 455 (1959), contained the controlling standards for ruling on the admissibility of other-crime evidence, notwithstanding the fact that these cases were not decided under the Colorado Rules of Evidence but rather were common law decisions predating the adoption of the Colorado Rules of Evidence. .

11991–1991
Bourjaily v. United States green
scotus · 1987
2 sentences

1988In this respect we adhere to the analysis recently employed by the United States Supreme Court in Bourjaily v. United States, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 2775 , 97 L.Ed.2d 144 (1987).

1988In this respect we adhere to the analysis recently employed by the United States Supreme Court in Bourjaily v. United States, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 2775 , 97 L.Ed.2d 144 (1987).

11988–1988
McCall v. People green
colo · 1981
1 sentence

1987See, e.g., Warden v. Hayden, 387 U.S. 294 , 87 S.Ct. 1642 , 18 L.Ed.2d 782 (1967); McCall v. People, 623 P.2d 397 (Colo.1981).

11987–1987
People v. Guenther green
colo · 1987
1 sentence

1987Guenther, 740 P.2d at 980-81 .

11987–1987

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CO § Colo. Rev. Stat. § 19-1-103 (4) CO § Colo. Rev. Stat. § 13-25-127 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 72 (1952–2026) TX 47 (1965–2022) PA 38 (1985–2024) MD 32 (1972–2023) GA 25 (1936–2026) WA 21 (1984–2026) NY 16 (1904–2016) NJ 16 (1981–2021) FL 14 (1958–2024) CO 14 (1982–2024) LA 12 (1972–2013) VT 10 (1977–2016) IA 9 (1976–2023) SC 8 (2007–2022) CT 8 (1988–2009) IL 8 (1978–2018) ND 7 (1979–2007) TN 7 (2001–2022) OH 7 (1969–2018) MA 7 (1998–2014) IN 6 (1983–2013) DE 6 (2018–2026) MO 5 (1996–2014) AK 5 (1987–2023) KY 4 (1992–2025) WV 4 (1955–2025) NE 4 (1987–1998) KS 4 (1989–2024) MS 4 (1953–2003) OR 4 (1960–2007) WY 4 (1977–2011) NM 3 (1983–1997) WI 3 (1978–2023) AZ 3 (1981–2022) DC 3 (1976–1999) UT 3 (1991–1995) MI 3 (1980–2025) VA 2 (2020–2025) ID 2 (1991–2021) NV 2 (1979–1992) HI 2 (1997–2025) AR 2 (1968–2025)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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