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12 Washington opinions name it 2 courts 1980–2026 4 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Washington courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Illinois v. Gatesgreen2 sentences2009See Lee, 147 Wash.App. at 919 , 199 P.3d 445 ; see also Gates, 462 U.S. at 233-34 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 (relying on Adams as the basis for the totality of circumstances test); Kennedy, 107 Wash.2d at 8 , 726 P.2d 445 ("[t]he case at bench falls squarely within the Adams" analysis); Randall, 73 Wash.App. at 228-29 , 868 P.2d 207 (decided after Hart ). 2009App. at 919 ; see also Gates, 462 U.S. at 233-34 (relying on Adams as the basis for the totality of circumstances test); Kennedy, 107 Wn.2d at 8 (“[t]he case at bench falls squarely within the Adams” analysis); Randall, 73 Wn. | 2 | 2 |
State v. Randallgreen2 sentences2009See Lee, 147 Wash.App. at 919 , 199 P.3d 445 ; see also Gates, 462 U.S. at 233-34 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 (relying on Adams as the basis for the totality of circumstances test); Kennedy, 107 Wash.2d at 8 , 726 P.2d 445 ("[t]he case at bench falls squarely within the Adams" analysis); Randall, 73 Wash.App. at 228-29 , 868 P.2d 207 (decided after Hart ). 2009App. at 919 ; see also Gates, 462 U.S. at 233-34 (relying on Adams as the basis for the totality of circumstances test); Kennedy, 107 Wn.2d at 8 (“[t]he case at bench falls squarely within the Adams” analysis); Randall, 73 Wn. | 1 | 3 |
State v. Kennedygreen2 sentences2009See Lee, 147 Wash.App. at 919 , 199 P.3d 445 ; see also Gates, 462 U.S. at 233-34 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 (relying on Adams as the basis for the totality of circumstances test); Kennedy, 107 Wash.2d at 8 , 726 P.2d 445 ("[t]he case at bench falls squarely within the Adams" analysis); Randall, 73 Wash.App. at 228-29 , 868 P.2d 207 (decided after Hart ). 2009App. at 919 ; see also Gates, 462 U.S. at 233-34 (relying on Adams as the basis for the totality of circumstances test); Kennedy, 107 Wn.2d at 8 (“[t]he case at bench falls squarely within the Adams” analysis); Randall, 73 Wn. | 1 | 2 |
Berkemer v. McCartygreen1 sentence2026See McCarty, 468 U.S. at 437 - 38. 29 State v. Magana-Arevalo (Cristian A.), No. 103586-1 II. | 1 | 1 |
State v. Leegreen1 sentence2009See Lee, 147 Wash.App. at 919 , 199 P.3d 445 ; see also Gates, 462 U.S. at 233-34 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 (relying on Adams as the basis for the totality of circumstances test); Kennedy, 107 Wash.2d at 8 , 726 P.2d 445 ("[t]he case at bench falls squarely within the Adams" analysis); Randall, 73 Wash.App. at 228-29 , 868 P.2d 207 (decided after Hart ). | 1 | 1 |
State v. Leegreen1 sentence2009See Lee, 147 Wash.App. at 919 , 199 P.3d 445 ; see also Gates, 462 U.S. at 233-34 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 (relying on Adams as the basis for the totality of circumstances test); Kennedy, 107 Wash.2d at 8 , 726 P.2d 445 ("[t]he case at bench falls squarely within the Adams" analysis); Randall, 73 Wash.App. at 228-29 , 868 P.2d 207 (decided after Hart ). | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Washington. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
State v. Ruem
green
2 sentences2025Ruem, 179 Wn.2d at 207 . 2025Ruem, 179 Wn.2d at 207 . | 2 | 2025–2025 |
State v. Tagas
green
1 sentence2023Instead, “[w]hen the state is not employing the knock and talk procedure, the court employs a totality of circumstances test to determine whether consent to search is valid.” Tagas, 121 Wn. | 1 | 2023–2023 |
In re the Detention of Peterson
green
1 sentence2020In re Det. of Peterson, 197 Wn. | 1 | 2020–2020 |
State v. Dancer
green
1 sentence2015As noted above, we employ a totality of circumstances test, including the specific considerations listed in Dancer, 174 Wn. | 1 | 2015–2015 |
State v. Marcum
neutral
1 sentence2014App. 894 , 205 P.3d 969 (2009); State v. Randall, 73 Wn. | 1 | 2014–2014 |
State v. Unga
green
1 sentence2014Under the totality of circumstances test described in Unga, 165 Wn.2d at 101 , the court did not err for these reasons in concluding that Garber' s confession was voluntary. | 1 | 2014–2014 |
State v. Marcum
green
1 sentence2014No. 68057-9-1 / 5 of circumstances with which he is faced.5 The officer's assessment must be such that in the officer's experience and knowledge, together with rational inferences drawn from those facts, reasonably warrant the limited intrusion upon an individual's freedom.6 The totality of circumstances test of Illinois v. Gates7 has replaced the two-pronged test of Aauilar-Spinelli8 in evaluating reasonable articulable suspicion taking into consideration both the quality and quantity of information known to the police.9 Under the "total circumstances" test, we consider "the particular circum | 1 | 2014–2014 |
State v. Bustamante-Davila
green
1 sentence2004State v. Bustamante-Davila, 138 Wash.2d 964, 981-82 , 983 P.2d 590 (1999); State v. Thang, 145 Wash.2d 630, 637 , 41 P.3d 1159 (2002). | 1 | 2004–2004 |
State v. Thang
green
1 sentence2004State v. Bustamante-Davila, 138 Wash.2d 964, 981-82 , 983 P.2d 590 (1999); State v. Thang, 145 Wash.2d 630, 637 , 41 P.3d 1159 (2002). | 1 | 2004–2004 |
State v. Bustamante-Davila
green
1 sentence2004State v. Bustamante-Davila, 138 Wash.2d 964, 981-82 , 983 P.2d 590 (1999); State v. Thang, 145 Wash.2d 630, 637 , 41 P.3d 1159 (2002). | 1 | 2004–2004 |
State v. Thang
green
1 sentence2004State v. Bustamante-Davila, 138 Wash.2d 964, 981-82 , 983 P.2d 590 (1999); State v. Thang, 145 Wash.2d 630, 637 , 41 P.3d 1159 (2002). | 1 | 2004–2004 |
Kentucky v. Whorton
green
1 sentence1980Ed. 2d 640 , 99 S. Ct. 2088 (1979), the United States Supreme Court held that the omission of a presumption of innocence instruction is not per se reversible error under the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause and must be examined under the totality of circumstances test. | 1 | 1980–1980 |
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.