Witherspoon test (Missouri) · Go Syfert
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Witherspoon test in Missouri

11 Missouri opinions name it 2 courts 1972–2002 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Missouri courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (3)

CaseFollowedCited
Davis v. Georgiagreen
scotus · 1976 · cited in 2 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 1981–1982
2 sentences

1982In its reiteration of the Witherspoon rule the Court in Davis v. Georgia, 429 U.S. 122, 123 , 97 S.Ct. 399, 400 , 50 L.Ed.2d 339, 341 (1976), stated: “Unless a venireman is ‘irrevocably committed, before the trial has begun, to vote against the penalty of death regardless of the facts and circumstances that might emerge in the course of the proceedings’ ... he cannot be excluded.. .. ” Here the three excused fall into the class properly excluded.

1982In its reiteration of the Witherspoon rule the Court in Davis v. Georgia, 429 U.S. 122, 123 , 97 S.Ct. 399, 400 , 50 L.Ed.2d 339, 341 (1976), stated: “Unless a venireman is ‘irrevocably committed, before the trial has begun, to vote against the penalty of death regardless of the facts and circumstances that might emerge in the course of the proceedings’ ... he cannot be excluded.. .. ” Here the three excused fall into the class properly excluded.

12
Timothy Wesley McCorquodale v. Charles Balkcom, Warden, Georgia State Prisongreen
ca11 · 1983 · cited in 1 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
2 sentences

1989McCorquodale v. Balkcom, 721 F.2d 1493, 1495-97 [1] (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 954 , 104 S.Ct. 2161 , 80 L.Ed.2d 546 (1984).

1989McCorquodale v. Balkcom, 721 F.2d 1493, 1495-97 [1] (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 954 , 104 S.Ct. 2161 , 80 L.Ed.2d 546 (1984).

11
Witherspoon v. Illinoisgreen
scotus · 1968 · cited in 1 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
2 sentences

1987See MAI-CR2d 23.02. [11] Under the Witherspoon standard, jurors were properly excluded for cause if they made it unmistakably clear (1) that they would automatically vote against the imposition of capital punishment without regard to any evidence that might be developed at the trial of the case before them, or (2) that their attitude toward the death penalty would prevent them from making an impartial decision as to the defendant's guilt. 391 U.S. at 522 -23 n. 21, 88 S.Ct. at 1776 -77 n. 21 (emphasis in original). [12] The federal definition states in pertinent part: Proof beyond a reasonable

1987See MAI-CR2d 23.02. [11] Under the Witherspoon standard, jurors were properly excluded for cause if they made it unmistakably clear (1) that they would automatically vote against the imposition of capital punishment without regard to any evidence that might be developed at the trial of the case before them, or (2) that their attitude toward the death penalty would prevent them from making an impartial decision as to the defendant's guilt. 391 U.S. at 522 -23 n. 21, 88 S.Ct. at 1776 -77 n. 21 (emphasis in original). [12] The federal definition states in pertinent part: Proof beyond a reasonable

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Missouri. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (11)

CaseCitedYears
Adams v. Texas green
scotus · 1980
2 sentences

1988It is argued that these excuses violated the Witherspoon test and that the court took an erroneous view of Wainwright v. Witt, 469 U.S. 412, 420 , 105 S.Ct. 844, 850 , 83 L.Ed.2d 841 (1985), which expressed the proper test in terms of the trial court’s conclusion that the juror’s views would “prevent or substantially impair the performance of his duties as a juror in accordance with his instructions and his oath.” Witt in this sentence, with the use of a quotation borrowed from Adams v. Texas, 448 U.S. 38, 45 , 100 S.Ct. 2521, 2526 , 65 L.Ed.2d 581 (1980), sought to “clarify” Witherspoon .

1988It is argued that these excuses violated the Witherspoon test and that the court took an erroneous view of Wainwright v. Witt, 469 U.S. 412, 420 , 105 S.Ct. 844, 850 , 83 L.Ed.2d 841 (1985), which expressed the proper test in terms of the trial court’s conclusion that the juror’s views would “prevent or substantially impair the performance of his duties as a juror in accordance with his instructions and his oath.” Witt in this sentence, with the use of a quotation borrowed from Adams v. Texas, 448 U.S. 38, 45 , 100 S.Ct. 2521, 2526 , 65 L.Ed.2d 581 (1980), sought to “clarify” Witherspoon .

41987–1989
Wainwright v. Witt green
scotus · 1985
2 sentences

1988It is argued that these excuses violated the Witherspoon test and that the court took an erroneous view of Wainwright v. Witt, 469 U.S. 412, 420 , 105 S.Ct. 844, 850 , 83 L.Ed.2d 841 (1985), which expressed the proper test in terms of the trial court’s conclusion that the juror’s views would “prevent or substantially impair the performance of his duties as a juror in accordance with his instructions and his oath.” Witt in this sentence, with the use of a quotation borrowed from Adams v. Texas, 448 U.S. 38, 45 , 100 S.Ct. 2521, 2526 , 65 L.Ed.2d 581 (1980), sought to “clarify” Witherspoon .

1988It is argued that these excuses violated the Witherspoon test and that the court took an erroneous view of Wainwright v. Witt, 469 U.S. 412, 420 , 105 S.Ct. 844, 850 , 83 L.Ed.2d 841 (1985), which expressed the proper test in terms of the trial court’s conclusion that the juror’s views would “prevent or substantially impair the performance of his duties as a juror in accordance with his instructions and his oath.” Witt in this sentence, with the use of a quotation borrowed from Adams v. Texas, 448 U.S. 38, 45 , 100 S.Ct. 2521, 2526 , 65 L.Ed.2d 581 (1980), sought to “clarify” Witherspoon .

21987–1988
Gray v. Mississippi green
scotus · 1987
2 sentences

2002Gray, 481 U.S. at 660 , 107 S.Ct. 2045 .

2002Gray, 481 U.S. at 660 , 107 S.Ct. 2045 .

12002–2002
Morgan v. Illinois green
scotus · 1992
2 sentences

1998For this reason, Morgan speaks of "a right to make inquiry" in the defendant, the purpose of which is to permit the defendant "to exercise intelligently his complementary challenge for cause against those biased persons on the venire who as jurors would unwaveringly impose death after a finding of guilt." Id. at 733 , 112 S.Ct. at 2232 .

1998For this reason, Morgan speaks of "a right to make inquiry" in the defendant, the purpose of which is to permit the defendant "to exercise intelligently his complementary challenge for cause against those biased persons on the venire who as jurors would unwaveringly impose death after a finding of guilt." Id. at 733 , 112 S.Ct. at 2232 .

11998–1998
Lockhart v. McCree green
scotus · 1986
2 sentences

1998For this reason, Morgan speaks of "a right to make inquiry" in the defendant, the purpose of which is to permit the defendant "to exercise intelligently his complementary challenge for cause against those biased persons on the venire who as jurors would unwaveringly impose death after a finding of guilt." Id. at 733 , 112 S.Ct. at 2232 .

1998For this reason, Morgan speaks of "a right to make inquiry" in the defendant, the purpose of which is to permit the defendant "to exercise intelligently his complementary challenge for cause against those biased persons on the venire who as jurors would unwaveringly impose death after a finding of guilt." Id. at 733 , 112 S.Ct. at 2232 .

11998–1998
McDermott Inc. v. Exxon Corp. green
scotus · 1984
2 sentences

1989McCorquodale v. Balkcom, 721 F.2d 1493, 1495-97 [1] (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 954 , 104 S.Ct. 2161 , 80 L.Ed.2d 546 (1984).

1989McCorquodale v. Balkcom, 721 F.2d 1493, 1495-97 [1] (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 954 , 104 S.Ct. 2161 , 80 L.Ed.2d 546 (1984).

11989–1989
Tomlin v. Alabama green
scotus · 1984
2 sentences

1989McCorquodale v. Balkcom, 721 F.2d 1493, 1495-97 [1] (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 954 , 104 S.Ct. 2161 , 80 L.Ed.2d 546 (1984).

1989McCorquodale v. Balkcom, 721 F.2d 1493, 1495-97 [1] (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 954 , 104 S.Ct. 2161 , 80 L.Ed.2d 546 (1984).

11989–1989
Burns v. Estelle green
ca5 · 1979
2 sentences

1984Even one excuse in violation of the Witherspoon standard requires reversal of the death sentence, Burns v. Estelle, 592 F.2d 1297 (5th Cir.1979) and, surely, the Court may not correct an erroneous excuse simply because the juror himself could have asserted a statutory exemption from service.

1984Even one excuse in violation of the Witherspoon standard requires reversal of the death sentence, Burns v. Estelle, 592 F.2d 1297 (5th Cir.1979) and, surely, the Court may not correct an erroneous excuse simply because the juror himself could have asserted a statutory exemption from service.

11984–1984
State v. Wigglesworth green
ohio · 1969
2 sentences

1981In Davis v. Georgia, 429 U.S. 122, 123, 97 , S.Ct. 399, 400, 50 L.Ed.2d 399 (1976), the Court held that “if [one] venireman is improperly excluded [under the Witherspoon standard] any subsequently imposed death penalty cannot stand.” The Davis court cited Wigglesworth v. Ohio, 403 U.S. 947 , 91 S.Ct. 2284 , 29 L.Ed.2d 857 (1971) rev’g State v. Wigglesworth, 18 Ohio St.2d 171 , 248 N.E.2d 607 (1969).

1981In Davis v. Georgia, 429 U.S. 122, 123, 97 , S.Ct. 399, 400, 50 L.Ed.2d 399 (1976), the Court held that “if [one] venireman is improperly excluded [under the Witherspoon standard] any subsequently imposed death penalty cannot stand.” The Davis court cited Wigglesworth v. Ohio, 403 U.S. 947 , 91 S.Ct. 2284 , 29 L.Ed.2d 857 (1971) rev’g State v. Wigglesworth, 18 Ohio St.2d 171 , 248 N.E.2d 607 (1969).

11981–1981
Quintana v. Texas green
scotus · 1971
2 sentences

1981In Davis v. Georgia, 429 U.S. 122, 123, 97 , S.Ct. 399, 400, 50 L.Ed.2d 399 (1976), the Court held that “if [one] venireman is improperly excluded [under the Witherspoon standard] any subsequently imposed death penalty cannot stand.” The Davis court cited Wigglesworth v. Ohio, 403 U.S. 947 , 91 S.Ct. 2284 , 29 L.Ed.2d 857 (1971) rev’g State v. Wigglesworth, 18 Ohio St.2d 171 , 248 N.E.2d 607 (1969).

1981In Davis v. Georgia, 429 U.S. 122, 123, 97 , S.Ct. 399, 400, 50 L.Ed.2d 399 (1976), the Court held that “if [one] venireman is improperly excluded [under the Witherspoon standard] any subsequently imposed death penalty cannot stand.” The Davis court cited Wigglesworth v. Ohio, 403 U.S. 947 , 91 S.Ct. 2284 , 29 L.Ed.2d 857 (1971) rev’g State v. Wigglesworth, 18 Ohio St.2d 171 , 248 N.E.2d 607 (1969).

11981–1981
Bumper v. North Carolina green
scotus · 1968
2 sentences

1972In Bumper v. North Carolina, 391 U.S. 543 , 88 S.Ct. 1788 , 20 L.Ed.2d 797 , decided on the same day, the Court held expressly that the Witherspoon rule did not apply where defendant had received a life sentence and not death.

1972In Bumper v. North Carolina, 391 U.S. 543 , 88 S.Ct. 1788 , 20 L.Ed.2d 797 , decided on the same day, the Court held expressly that the Witherspoon rule did not apply where defendant had received a life sentence and not death.

11972–1972

Statutes the citing opinions construe

MO § Mo. Rev. Stat. § 565.001 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 55 (1969–2015) CA 47 (1968–2025) PA 17 (1970–2018) GA 17 (1970–2000) MS 15 (1970–2003) AL 14 (1883–1997) FL 14 (1969–1996) LA 13 (1976–2018) MO 11 (1972–2002) DE 8 (1980–1988) OH 8 (1969–2011) TN 8 (1971–2006) AR 8 (1978–2022) IL 8 (1985–2007) NJ 5 (1971–1991) IN 5 (1982–1999) OK 5 (1982–2013) ID 4 (1991–2023) NM 3 (1983–2005) KY 3 (1972–2010) WA 3 (1971–2012) UT 2 (1980–1986) OR 2 (1990–2019) CT 2 (1996–2004) VA 2 (1985–1995) MD 2 (1985–1994) NY 2 (2004–2004) AZ 2 (1987–2000)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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