58 New York opinions name it 5 courts 1907–2025 9 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Bordell v. General Electric Co.green2 sentences2015Co., 88 NY2d 869, 870 [1996]; Carillo v Stony Brook Univ., 119 AD3d 508, 509 [2014]; Pipia v Nassau County, 34 AD3d 664, 665 [2006]). 2015Co., 88 NY2d 869, 870 [1996]; Ulysse v AAR Aircraft Component Servs., 128 AD3d 1053 [2015]; Carillo v Stony Brook Univ., 119 AD3d 508, 509 [2014]). | 3 | 4 |
Remba v. Federation Employment & Guidance Servicegreen2 sentences2012An employer shall not take any retaliatory personnel action against an employee because such employee does any of the following: “(a) discloses, or threatens to disclose to a supervisor or to a public body an activity, policy or practice of the employer that is in violation of law, rule or regulation which violation creates and presents a substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety . . . ; “(b) provides information to, or testifies before, any public body conducting an investigation, hearing or inquiry into any such violation of a law, rule or regulation by such employer; or 2012An employer shall not take any retaliatory personnel action against an employee because such employee does any of the following: “(a) discloses, or threatens to disclose to a supervisor or to a public body an activity, policy or practice of the employer that is in violation of law, rule or regulation which violation creates and presents a substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety . . . ; “(b) provides information to, or testifies before, any public body conducting an investigation, hearing or inquiry into any such violation of a law, rule or regulation by such employer; or | 2 | 4 |
Batilo v. Mary Manning Walsh Nursing Home Co., Inc.green2 sentences2025The single employer doctrine consists of "four criteria to determine whether two or more companies are sufficiently interrelated to constitute a single entity: (1) interrelation of operations; (2) centralized control of labor relations; (3) common management; and (4) common ownership or financial control of the entities in question" (Lockwood v CBS Corp., 219 AD3d 1326 , 1328 (2d Dept 2023] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; see Batilo v Mary Manning Walsh Nursing Home Co., Inc., 140 AD3d 637,638 [1st Dept 2016]). 2025The single employer doctrine consists of "four criteria to determine whether two or more companies are sufficiently interrelated to constitute a single entity: (1) interrelation of operations; (2) centralized control of labor relations; (3) common management; and (4) common ownership or financial control of the entities in question" (Lockwood v CBS Corp., 219 AD3d 1326 , 1328 [2d Dept 2023] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; see Batilo v Mary Manning Walsh Nursing Home Co., Inc., 140 AD3d 637,638 [1st Dept 2016]). | 2 | 2 |
Moraetis v. Evansgreen2 sentences2025The single employer doctrine imposes liability for violations of the NYSHRL and NYCHRL on entities that are part of a single enterprise (Moraetis v Evans, 150 AD3d 403,404 [1st Dept 2017]). 2025The single employer doctrine imposes liability for violations of the NYSHRL and NYCHRL on entities that are part of a single enterprise (Moraetis v Evans, 150 AD3d 403, 404 [1st Dept 2017]). | 2 | 2 |
Howell v. New York Post Co.green2 sentences2023Plaintiff also fails to state a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress, as she does not allege extreme and outrageous conduct that could be considered "utterly intolerable in a civilized community" ( Howell v New York Post Co. , 81 NY2d 115, 122 [1993][internal quotation marks omitted]). 2023Plaintiff also fails to state a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress, as she does not allege extreme and outrageous conduct that could be considered "utterly intolerable in a civilized community" ( Howell v New York Post Co. , 81 NY2d 115, 122 [1993][internal quotation marks omitted]). | 2 | 2 |
Diaz v. New York State Catholic Health Plan, Inc.green2 sentences2023As noted, plaintiff's claim is based entirely on the alleged assault by her coworker, and this Court has held that an assault by a coworker does not constitute "an activity, policy, or practice of the employer that is in violation of law, rule or regulation which violation creates and presents a substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety" ( Diaz v New York State Catholic Health Plan, Inc. , 133 AD3d 473, 473 [1st Dept 2015], quoting Labor Law § 740[2][a]). 2023As noted, plaintiff's claim is based entirely on the alleged assault by her coworker, and this Court has held that an assault by a coworker does not constitute "an activity, policy, or practice of the employer that is in violation of law, rule or regulation which violation creates and presents a substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety" ( Diaz v New York State Catholic Health Plan, Inc. , 133 AD3d 473, 473 [1st Dept 2015], quoting Labor Law § 740[2][a]). | 2 | 2 |
Jennifer Arculeo v. On-Site Sales & Marketing, LLC and Sanford Pankin, Also Known as Crystal Hills, Docket No. 04-3807 Cvgreen2 sentences2009The Second Circuit has neither adopted nor rejected the single employer doctrine (see Arculeo v On-Site Sales & Mktg., LLC, 425 F3d 193 [2005]; Murray v Miner, 74 F3d 402 [1996]). 2009As originally promulgated by the NLRB, the single employer doctrine sets forth four criteria to determine whether two or more companies are sufficiently interrelated to constitute a single entity: (1) interrelation of operations; (2) centralized control of labor relations; (3) common management; and (4) common ownership or financial control of the entities in question (see Radio & Television Technicians v Broadcast Service of Mobile, Inc., 380 US at 256 ; Baker v Stuart Broadcasting Co., 560 F2d 389, 392 [1977]; Arculeo v On-Site Sales & Mktg., LLC, 425 F3d 193, 198 [2005]; see also Cook v Arr | 2 | 2 |
Pipia v. Nassau Countygreen2 sentences2016Labor Law § 740 creates a cause of action in favor of an employee who has suffered a “retaliatory personnel action” as a consequence of, inter alia, “disclos[ing], or threatening] to disclose to a supervisor or to a public body an activity, policy or practice of the employer that is in violation of law, rule or regulation which violation creates and presents a substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety,” or as a consequence of “objecting] to, or refusing] to participate in any such activity, policy or practice in violation of a law, rule or regulation” (Labor Law § 740 [2] 2015Co., 88 NY2d 869, 870 [1996]; Carillo v Stony Brook Univ., 119 AD3d 508, 509 [2014]; Pipia v Nassau County, 34 AD3d 664, 665 [2006]). | 2 | 2 |
Carillo v. Stony Brook Universitygreen2 sentences2015Co., 88 NY2d 869, 870 [1996]; Carillo v Stony Brook Univ., 119 AD3d 508, 509 [2014]; Pipia v Nassau County, 34 AD3d 664, 665 [2006]). 2015Co., 88 NY2d 869, 870 [1996]; Ulysse v AAR Aircraft Component Servs., 128 AD3d 1053 [2015]; Carillo v Stony Brook Univ., 119 AD3d 508, 509 [2014]). | 2 | 2 |
Leon v. Martinezgreen2 sentences2012We conclude that the IRCA does not preempt the applicable provisions of the Workers’ Compensation Law and that the violations of the IRCA alleged here do not abrogate the protections provided to the defendant by Workers’ Compensation Law § 11 from third-party claims for contribution and indemnification On a motion to dismiss the complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (7) for failure to state a cause of action, the court must afford the pleading a liberal construction, accept all facts as alleged in the pleading to be true, accord the plaintiff the benefit of every possible inference, and determin 2012We conclude that the IRCA does not preempt the applicable provisions of the Workers’ Compensation Law and that the violations of the IRCA alleged here do not abrogate the protections provided to the defendant by Workers’ Compensation Law § 11 from third-party claims for contribution and indemnification On a motion to dismiss the complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (7) for failure to state a cause of action, the court must afford the pleading a liberal construction, accept all facts as alleged in the pleading to be true, accord the plaintiff the benefit of every possible inference, and determin | 2 | 2 |
cluster 796024green2 sentences2012Found., Inc., 469 F3d at 231), there have been no cases addressing the right of an employer in violation of the IRCA to have immunity from third-party claims for contribution and indemnification under Workers’ Compensation Law § 11. 2012Found., Inc., 469 F3d at 231), there have been no cases addressing the right of an employer in violation of the IRCA to have immunity from third-party claims for contribution and indemnification under Workers’ Compensation Law § 11. | 2 | 2 |
Fough v. August Aichhorn Center for Adolescent Residential Care, Inc.green2 sentences2024"Labor Law § 740 creates a cause of action in favor of an employee who has suffered a 'retaliatory personnel action' as a consequence of"—at the time this claim was commenced—"'disclos[ing], or threaten[ing] to disclose to a supervisor or to a public body an activity, policy or practice of the employer that is in violation of law, rule or regulation which violation creates and presents a substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety,'" among other things ( Fough v August Aichhorn Ctr. for Adolescent Residential Care, Inc. , 139 AD3d 665, 666 , quoting former Labor Law § 740[2] 2020Labor Law § 740 is commonly referred to as the "whistleblower statute." It creates a cause of action "in favor of an employee who has suffered a 'retaliatory personnel action' as a consequence of, inter alia, 'disclos[ing], or threaten[ing] to disclose to a supervisor or to a public body an activity, policy or practice of the employer that is in violation of law, rule or regulation which violation creates and presents a substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety,' or as a consequence of 'object[ing] to, or refus[ing] to participate in any such activity, policy or practice i | 1 | 3 |
Mazzacone v. Corlies Associatesgreen2 sentences2016Labor Law § 740 creates a cause of action in favor of an employee who has suffered a “retaliatory personnel action” as a consequence of, inter alia, “disclos[ing], or threatening] to disclose to a supervisor or to a public body an activity, policy or practice of the employer that is in violation of law, rule or regulation which violation creates and presents a substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety,” or as a consequence of “objecting] to, or refusing] to participate in any such activity, policy or practice in violation of a law, rule or regulation” (Labor Law § 740 [2] 2008Labor Law § 740 prohibits an employer from taking “any retaliatory personnel action against an employee” who discloses to a supervisor “an activity, policy or practice of the employer that is in violation of law, rule or regulation which violation creates and presents a substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety.” Commonly referred to as the “whistleblower’s statute” (Mazzacone v Corlies Assoc., 21 AD3d 1066 [2005]), this section requires “proof of an actual violation of law to sustain a cause of action” (Bordell v General Elec. | 1 | 2 |
Roman Catholic Diocese of Albany v. Vullogreen1 sentence2024The medically necessary abortion coverage requirement uniformly applies to all policies in New York State that provide hospital, surgical, or medical expense coverage ( see 11 NYCRR 52.16 [o] [1]), with the exception of a "religious employer" who requests an exemption ( id. § 52.16 [o] [2]; see also 185 AD3d at 17 ). | 1 | 1 |
Fowler v. SCORES HOLDING COMPANY, INC.green1 sentence2024Moreover, the amended complaint set forth sufficient allegations to assert liability against the defendants under the single employer doctrine and the joint employer doctrine ( see Ferris v Lustgarten Found. , 189 AD3d 1002, 1006-1007 ; Matter of Argyle Realty Assoc. v New York State Div. of Human Rights , 65 AD3d 273, 282-283 ; Fowler v Scores Holding Co., Inc. , 677 F Supp 2d 673, 680-681 [SD NY]). | 1 | 1 |
Claim of McGuinness v. John P. Picone, Inc.green1 sentence2022Although Liberty contested the establishment of the claim, it was precluded from presenting any witnesses from the employer at the hearing because its scheduled witness did not appear ( compare Matter of McGuinness v John P. Picone, Inc. , 36 AD3d 1032, 1032 [3d Dept 2007]). | 1 | 1 |
Starikov v. CEVA Freight, LLCgreen1 sentence2020Labor Law § 740 is commonly referred to as the "whistleblower statute." It creates a cause of action "in favor of an employee who has suffered a 'retaliatory personnel action' as a consequence of, inter alia, 'disclos[ing], or threaten[ing] to disclose to a supervisor or to a public body an activity, policy or practice of the employer that is in violation of law, rule or regulation which violation creates and presents a substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety,' or as a consequence of 'object[ing] to, or refus[ing] to participate in any such activity, policy or practice i | 1 | 1 |
| Minogue v. Good Samaritan Hospitalgreen | 1 | 1 |
Herbil Holding Co. v. Heingreen1 sentence2016Labor Law § 740 creates a cause of action in favor of an employee who has suffered a “retaliatory personnel action” as a consequence of, inter alia, “disclos[ing], or threatening] to disclose to a supervisor or to a public body an activity, policy or practice of the employer that is in violation of law, rule or regulation which violation creates and presents a substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety,” or as a consequence of “objecting] to, or refusing] to participate in any such activity, policy or practice in violation of a law, rule or regulation” (Labor Law § 740 [2] | 1 | 1 |
| Claim of Dusharm v. Green Island Contracting, LLCgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Mary COOK, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ARROWSMITH SHELBURNE, INC., KDT Industries, Inc., and Clifton Lind, Defendants-Appelleesgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Murray v. Minergreen | 1 | 1 |
| Mittl v. New York State Division of Human Rightsgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Radio & Television Broadcast Technicians Local Union 1264 v. Broadcast Service of Mobile, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| MATTER OF CAHILL v. Rosagreen | 1 | 1 |
| Harris v. Palmetto Tile, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| Balbuena v. IDR REALTY LLCgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Claim of Collier v. Brightwater Beer & Soda Distributorgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Claim of Brown v. Orange County Home & Infirmarygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Claim of Forte v. City & Suburbangreen | 1 | 1 |
| Riviello v. Waldrongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Zuckerman v. City of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Lechmere, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Boardgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Kitman v. State Tax Commissiongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Olsen v. City of Schenectadygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Connell v. Haydengreen | 1 | 1 |
| Ferrin v. New York State Department of Correctional Servicesgreen | 1 | 1 |
| King v. Sapiergreen | 1 | 1 |
| Becker v. City of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Leibowitz v. Bank Leumi Trust Co.
green
2 sentences2012In Leibowitz v Bank Leumi Trust Co. of N.Y. ( 152 AD2d 169 [1989]), which the Remba Court cited with approval ( 76 NY2d at 802 ), the Appellate Division, Second Department, noted: “Section 740 was intended to deal with a situation where, for example, an employee at a hazardous installation notices a dangerous condition, reports it, but finds that no action is taken, then reports the risk to the authorities and is fired for doing so. 1989An employer shall not take any retaliatory personnel action against an employee because such employee does any of the following: "(a) discloses, or threatens to disclose to a supervisor or to a public body an activity, policy or practice of the employer that is in violation of law, rule or regulation which violation creates and presents a substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety; * * * "(c) objects to, or refuses to participate in any such activity, policy or practice in violation of law, rule or regulation.” These provisions have recently been examined by this court in L | 4 | 1989–2012 |
Remba v. Federation Employment & Guidance Service
green
2 sentences1995Applying first the axiom that "a statute is to be construed according to the ordinary meaning of its words” (Sega v State of New York, 60 NY2d 183, 190-191 ), we find nothing in the language of Labor Law § 740 to suggest that anything less than an actual "violation of law, rule or regulation” is required, a conclusion substantially buttressed by the fact that, prior to the enactment of Labor Law § 740 (L 1984, ch 660), three successive efforts to enact a whistleblowers’ statute embodying a reasonable belief standard had failed (see, Leibowitz v Bank Leumi Trust Co., 152 AD2d 169, 175-177 ; Rem 1989An employer shall not take any retaliatory personnel action against an employee because such employee does any of the following: "(a) discloses, or threatens to disclose to a supervisor or to a public body an activity, policy or practice of the employer that is in violation of law, rule or regulation which violation creates and presents a substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety; * * * "(c) objects to, or refuses to participate in any such activity, policy or practice in violation of law, rule or regulation.” These provisions have recently been examined by this court in L | 4 | 1989–1995 |
Argyle Realty Associates v. New York State Division of Human Rights
green
2 sentences2024"The doctrine 'sets forth four criteria to determine whether two or more companies are sufficiently interrelated to constitute a single entity: (1) interrelation of operations; (2) centralized control of labor relations; (3) common management; and (4) common ownership or financial control of the entities in question'" ( Lockwood v CBS Corp. , 219 AD3d at 1328, quoting Matter of Argyle Realty Assoc. v New York State Div. of Human Rights , 65 AD3d 273, 278-279 ). 2024Moreover, the amended complaint set forth sufficient allegations to assert liability against the defendants under the single employer doctrine and the joint employer doctrine ( see Ferris v Lustgarten Found. , 189 AD3d 1002, 1006-1007 ; Matter of Argyle Realty Assoc. v New York State Div. of Human Rights , 65 AD3d 273, 282-283 ; Fowler v Scores Holding Co., Inc. , 677 F Supp 2d 673, 680-681 [SD NY]). | 3 | 2017–2024 |
Breytman v. Olinville Realty, LLC
green
2 sentences2012We conclude that the IRCA does not preempt the applicable provisions of the Workers’ Compensation Law and that the violations of the IRCA alleged here do not abrogate the protections provided to the defendant by Workers’ Compensation Law § 11 from third-party claims for contribution and indemnification On a motion to dismiss the complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (7) for failure to state a cause of action, the court must afford the pleading a liberal construction, accept all facts as alleged in the pleading to be true, accord the plaintiff the benefit of every possible inference, and determin 2012We conclude that the IRCA does not preempt the applicable provisions of the Workers’ Compensation Law and that the violations of the IRCA alleged here do not abrogate the protections provided to the defendant by Workers’ Compensation Law § 11 from third-party claims for contribution and indemnification On a motion to dismiss the complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (7) for failure to state a cause of action, the court must afford the pleading a liberal construction, accept all facts as alleged in the pleading to be true, accord the plaintiff the benefit of every possible inference, and determin | 2 | 2012–2012 |
Speno v. Gallman
green
2 sentences2005In upholding the application of the "convenience" test to reject Speno's allocation of income to his days worked in New Jersey, we explained: "The policy justification for the `convenience of the employer' test lies in the fact that since a New York State resident would not be entitled to special tax benefits for work done at home, neither should a nonresident who performs services or maintains an office in New York State." ( Id. at 259 .) In Zelinsky , the taxpayer was a professor at Cardozo Law School who did all his teaching in New York City, and commuted there from his Connecticut home thr 2002The Court of Appeals has stated that “[t]he policy justification for the ‘convenience of the employer’ test lies in the fact that since a New York State resident would not be entitled to special tax benefits for work done at home, neither should a nonresident who performs services or maintains an office in New York State” (Matter of Speno v Gallman, 35 NY2d 256, 259 ; see Matter of Kitman v State Tax Commn., 92 AD2d 1018, 1019 , lv denied 59 NY2d 603 ). | 2 | 2002–2005 |
Kern v. DePaul Mental Health Services, Inc.
green
2 sentences1995Applying first the axiom that "a statute is to be construed according to the ordinary meaning of its words” (Sega v State of New York, 60 NY2d 183, 190-191 ), we find nothing in the language of Labor Law § 740 to suggest that anything less than an actual "violation of law, rule or regulation” is required, a conclusion substantially buttressed by the fact that, prior to the enactment of Labor Law § 740 (L 1984, ch 660), three successive efforts to enact a whistleblowers’ statute embodying a reasonable belief standard had failed (see, Leibowitz v Bank Leumi Trust Co., 152 AD2d 169, 175-177 ; Rem 1989An employer shall not take any retaliatory personnel action against an employee because such employee does any of the following: "(a) discloses, or threatens to disclose to a supervisor or to a public body an activity, policy or practice of the employer that is in violation of law, rule or regulation which violation creates and presents a substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety; * * * "(c) objects to, or refuses to participate in any such activity, policy or practice in violation of law, rule or regulation.” These provisions have recently been examined by this court in L | 2 | 1989–1995 |
Gutierrez v. Bactolac Pharm., Inc.
green
1 sentence2024However, the Supreme Court should have granted that branch of the defendants' motion which was pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(7) to dismiss the third cause of action, which alleged violations of Labor Law § 191, insofar as asserted against them, as that statute pertains to frequency of pay and not unpaid wages ( see Gutierrez v Bactolac Pharm., Inc. , 210 AD3d at 747 ). | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Ferris v. Lustgarten Found.
green
1 sentence2024Moreover, the amended complaint set forth sufficient allegations to assert liability against the defendants under the single employer doctrine and the joint employer doctrine ( see Ferris v Lustgarten Found. , 189 AD3d 1002, 1006-1007 ; Matter of Argyle Realty Assoc. v New York State Div. of Human Rights , 65 AD3d 273, 282-283 ; Fowler v Scores Holding Co., Inc. , 677 F Supp 2d 673, 680-681 [SD NY]). | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Fulton v. Philadelphia
green
1 sentence2024The medically necessary abortion coverage requirement uniformly applies to all policies in New York State that provide hospital, surgical, or medical expense coverage ( see 11 NYCRR 52.16 [o] [1]), with the exception of a "religious employer" who requests an exemption ( id. § 52.16 [o] [2]; see also 185 AD3d at 17 ). | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Webb-Weber v. Community Action for Human Services, Inc.
green
1 sentence2024While Labor Law § 740 has since been amended ( see L 2021, c 522, § 1, as amended), the claimant does not seek retroactive application of the amendments, and such application would not change the outcome of this appeal; thus, we apply the former version of Labor Law § 740. "[F]or pleading purposes, the complaint need not specify the actual law, rule or regulation violated, although it must identify the particular activities, policies or practices in which the employer allegedly engaged, so that the complaint provides the employer with notice of the alleged complained-of conduct" ( Webb-Weber v | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Finchum v. Colaiacomo
green
1 sentence2022Accordingly, the Board's invocation of the doctrine of laches barring Liberty from disputing coverage will not be disturbed ( see Matter of Finchum v Colaiacomo , 55 AD3d at 1086-1087 ). | 1 | 2022–2022 |
East Hampton Union Free School District v. Sandpebble Builders, Inc.
green
1 sentence2016In deciding a motion to dismiss a complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (7) for failure to state a cause of action, the court must accept the facts alleged in the complaint as true, accord the plaintiff the benefit of every possible favorable inference, and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory (see East Hampton Union Free School Dist. v Sandpebble Bldrs., Inc., 66 AD3d 122 , 125 [2009], affd 16 NY3d 775 [2011]). | 1 | 2016–2016 |
| Ulysse v. AAR Aircraft Component Services green | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| Claim of Collier v. Brightwater Beer & Soda Distributor neutral | 1 | 2006–2006 |
| Barraillier v. City of New York green | 1 | 2006–2006 |
| Zelinsky v. Tax Appeals Tribunal green | 1 | 2005–2005 |
| Roach v. Computer Associates International, Inc. neutral | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| National Labor Relations Board v. Babcock & Wilcox Co. green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. San Diego County District Council of Carpenters green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| Colleary v. Tully green | 1 | 2002–2002 |
| Kern v. DePaul Mental Health Services, Inc. green | 1 | 1995–1995 |
| Sega v. State of New York green | 1 | 1995–1995 |
| People v. Hill green | 1 | 1995–1995 |
| Bordell v. General Electric Co. green | 1 | 1995–1995 |
| Brock v. Bua green | 1 | 1990–1990 |
| Bliss v. Bliss green | 1 | 1989–1989 |
| Claim of Solomon v. Cohn, Glickstein, Lurie, Ostrin & Lubell neutral | 1 | 1985–1985 |
| Axel v. Duffy-Mott Co. green | 1 | 1985–1985 |
| Claim of Robinson v. Remington Rand Division of Sperry Rand Corp. neutral | 1 | 1982–1982 |
| Cosmopolitan Shipping Co. v. McAllister green | 1 | 1982–1982 |
| Claim of Kalendowich v. Scales neutral | 1 | 1982–1982 |
| Van Deusen v. United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. neutral | 1 | 1981–1981 |
| In re the Estate of Kelly neutral | 1 | 1981–1981 |
| Jeter & Cook v. Bennett College green | 1 | 1979–1979 |
| Smith v. Harold Fonda, & Shadinger & Redick Co. neutral | 1 | 1978–1978 |
| Lundberg v. State of New York green | 1 | 1978–1978 |
| Hall v. Smathers green | 1 | 1976–1976 |
| Gibilaro v. Lomax Trading Corp. neutral | 1 | 1976–1976 |
| Gibilaro v. Lomax Trading Corp. neutral | 1 | 1976–1976 |
| Duane Jones Co. v. Burke green | 1 | 1964–1964 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.