affirmative defense (Oklahoma) · Go Syfert
← Oklahoma issues

affirmative defense in Oklahoma

325 Oklahoma opinions name it 4 courts 1911–2026 13 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Oklahoma courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (38)

CaseFollowedCited
Shaffer v. Jefferygreen
okla · 1996 · cited in 9 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1997–2013
2 sentences

2013Shoffer explained a right to arbitrate arises from a written contract and is treated as an affirmative defense and that right (to compel arbitration) may also be waived; thus, that right "does not fit within the category of a traditional challenge to a district court's subject matter jurisdiction." Id. at ¶7, 915 P.2d at 913 .

2010See, e.g., Shaffer v. Jeffery, 1996 OK 47, ¶ 7 , 915 P.2d 910, 913 ("The affirmative defense of an agreement to arbitrate is not the same thing as lack of subject matter jurisdiction.").

59
Furr v. Thomasgreen
okla · 1991 · cited in 5 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1994–2024
2 sentences

2021However, having waited until the morning of trial--and more than ten months after the deadline for dispositive motions--we find that Merrell waived any argument it may have had based on federal preemption. 3 Furr v. Thomas , 1991 OK 93 , ¶ 23 817 P.2d 1268, 1272 ("The failure to plead an affirmative defense operates as a waiver of that defense.").

2021However, having waited until the morning of trial--and more than ten months after the deadline for dispositive motions--we find that Merrell waived any argument it may have had based on federal preemption. 3 Furr v. Thomas , 1991 OK 93 , ¶ 23 817 P.2d 1268, 1272 ("The failure to plead an affirmative defense operates as a waiver of that defense.").

45
Pryse Monument Co. v. District Court of Kay Countygreen
okla · 1979 · cited in 4 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1997–2008
2 sentences

2008See, e.g., Sommer v. Sommer, 1997 OK 123 , 947 P.2d 512, 522 (Opala, J., dissenting); Pryse Monument Company v. District Court of Kay County, 1979 OK 71 , 595 P.2d 435, 437-38 (when a case is terminated as time-barred, the disposition is "on the merits" because the statute of limitations is an affirmative defense).

2008See, e.g., Sommer v. Sommer, 1997 OK 123 , 947 P.2d 512, 522 (Opala, J., dissenting); Pryse Monument Company v. District Court of Kay County, 1979 OK 71 , 595 P.2d 435, 437-38 (when a case is terminated as time-barred, the disposition is "on the merits" because the statute of limitations is an affirmative defense).

44
Akin v. Missouri Pacific Railroadgreen
okla · 1998 · cited in 14 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2003–2020
2 sentences

2020See also FDIC v. Tidwell , 1991 OK 119 , 820 P.2d 1338, 1341 (adjudication of a cause of action includes adjudication of a legally cognizable defense to the cause of action). 37 McGee v. Alexander , 2001 OK 78 , ¶ 23, 37 P.3d 800, 806 (the absence of any one element used to define a cause of action is enough to defeat this action); Akin v. Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. , 1998 OK 102 , ¶ 9, 977 P.2d 1040, 1044 (a defendant must show either the absence of at least one essential element to plaintiff's cause of action, or the presence of all elements necessary to an affirmative defense to the ca

2020See also FDIC v. Tidwell , 1991 OK 119 , 820 P.2d 1338, 1341 (adjudication of a cause of action includes adjudication of a legally cognizable defense to the cause of action). 37 McGee v. Alexander , 2001 OK 78 , ¶ 23, 37 P.3d 800, 806 (the absence of any one element used to define a cause of action is enough to defeat this action); Akin v. Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. , 1998 OK 102 , ¶ 9, 977 P.2d 1040, 1044 (a defendant must show either the absence of at least one essential element to plaintiff's cause of action, or the presence of all elements necessary to an affirmative defense to the ca

314
Daugherty v. Farmers Cooperative Ass'ngreen
okla · 1984 · cited in 4 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1995–2024
2 sentences

1996When a defendant moves for summary judgment on the basis of an affirmative defense, “he must show that there is no substantial controversy as to facts that are material to the affirmative defense, and that the facts and inferences that may be reasonably drawn- from them are in his favor.” Daugherty v. Farmers Cooperative Association, 689 P.2d 947, 949 (Okla.1984).

1995When a “defendant moves for summary judgment on the basis of an affirmative defense he must show that there is no substantial controversy as to facts that are material to the affirmative defense, and that the facts and inferences that may be reasonably drawn from them are in his favor.” Daugherty v. Farmers Cooperative Assoc., 689 P.2d 947, 949 (Okl.1984).

34
Schulte v. Starrittgreen
okla · 1940 · cited in 3 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
2 sentences

2010See, e.g., Schulte v. Starritt, 1940 OK 479 , 110 P.2d 611, 612 ("If the defense, whether specifically pleaded, or asserted under a general denial, does not merely negative the title and right of possession of plaintiff, but seeks to avoid it by proof of a new and distinct proposition or state of facts, such defense is affirmative in its nature."). [38] Securities and Exchange Commission v. Elliott, 953 F.2d at 1572 , citing, Lowden v. Northwestern Nat'l Bank & Trust Co., 298 U.S. 160 , 56 S.Ct. 696, 698 , 80 L.Ed. 1114 (1936). [39] Securities and Exchange Commission v. Elliott, 953 F.2d at 15

2010See, e.g., Schulte v. Starritt, 1940 OK 749 , 110 P.2d 611, 612 ("If the defense, whether specifically pleaded, or asserted under a general denial, does not merely negative the title and right of possession of plaintiff, but seeks to avoid it by proof of a new and distinct proposition or state of facts, such defense is affirmative in its nature."). [38] Securities and Exchange Commission v. Elliott, 953 F.2d at 1572 , citing, Lowden v. Northwestern Nat'l Bank & Trust Co., 298 U.S. 160 , 56 S.Ct. 696, 698 , 80 L.Ed. 1114 (1936). [39] Securities and Exchange Commission v. Elliott, 953 F.2d at 15

33
Martin v. Chapel, Wilkinson, Riggs, and Abneygreen
okla · 1981 · cited in 5 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1984–2024
2 sentences

1999To prevail, they were required to “show that there is no substantial controversy as to the facts that are material to the affirmative defense and that the facts and inferences that may reasonably be drawn from them are in [their] favor.” Martin v. Chapel, Wilkinson, Riggs, and Abney, 1981 OK 134, ¶ 7 , 637 P.2d 81, 84 (footnote omitted).

1999To prevail, they were required to “show that there is no substantial controversy as to the facts that are material to the affirmative defense and that the facts and inferences that may reasonably be drawn from them are in [their] favor.” Martin v. Chapel, Wilkinson, Riggs, and Abney, 1981 OK 134, ¶ 7 , 637 P.2d 81, 84 (footnote omitted).

25
West v. Stategreen
oklacrimapp · 1990 · cited in 4 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2005–2016
2 sentences

2016See, e.g., West v. State, 1990 OK CR 61, ¶ 6 , 798 P.2d 1083 (“Self-defense is an affirmative defense which must be raised by die defendant....”) (citation omitted); Id. ¶ 7 ("Self-defense is not available to a person who is the aggressor or who enters into mutual combat.’’) (citation omitted). 15 .

2016See, e.g., West v. State, 1990 OK CR 61, ¶ 6 , 798 P.2d 1083 (“Self-defense is an affirmative defense which must be raised by die defendant....”) (citation omitted); Id. ¶ 7 ("Self-defense is not available to a person who is the aggressor or who enters into mutual combat.’’) (citation omitted). 15 .

24
Long v. DeGeergreen
okla · 1987 · cited in 3 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2007–2011
2 sentences

2011See Shaffer v. Jeffery, 1996 OK 47, ¶ 6 , 915 P.2d 910, 913 . *907 115 "[Clourts generally look with favor upon arbitration provisions as a shorteut to substantial justice with a minimum of court interference." Long v. DeGeer, 1987 OK 104, ¶ 5 , 753 P.2d 1327, 1328 .

2011See Shaffer v. Jeffery, 1996 OK 47, ¶ 6 , 915 P.2d 910, 913 . *907 115 "[Clourts generally look with favor upon arbitration provisions as a shorteut to substantial justice with a minimum of court interference." Long v. DeGeer, 1987 OK 104, ¶ 5 , 753 P.2d 1327, 1328 .

23
McHam v. Stategreen
oklacrimapp · 2005 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2011–2021
22
McGee v. Alexandergreen
· 2001 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
22
State v. Haughtgreen
wva · 1988 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
22
State v. Sparegreen
scctapp · 2007 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
22
Commonwealth v. Dorseygreen
pa · 1984 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
22
Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church & School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commissiongreen
scotus · 2012 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
22
Kirby v. Lexington Theological Seminarygreen
ky · 2014 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
22
Wipf v. Hutterville Hutterian Brethren, Inc.green
sd · 2012 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
22
Digital Design Group, Inc. v. Information Builders, Inc.green
okla · 2001 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
22
Johnson v. Board of Governors of Registered Dentistsgreen
okla · 1996 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
22
Lowden v. Northwestern National Bank & Trust Co.green
scotus · 1936 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
22
cluster 576211green
ca11 · 1992 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
22
In the Matter of Robert Dale Johnson, Bankrupt. Bruce Goldstein, Successor to S. David Rubenstein, Receiver in Bankruptcy v. McLean Bankgreen
ca4 · 1977 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
22
In the Matter of the Bohack Corporation, Debtor-In-Possession. The Bohack Corporation v. Borden, Inc.green
ca2 · 1979 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
22
White v. Tullahassee Realty Co.green
okla · 1921 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
22
Morewitz v. West of England Ship Owners Mutual Protection & Indemnity Ass'n (Luxembourg)green
ca11 · 1995 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1996–2006
22
Valega v. City of Oklahoma Citygreen
oklacrimapp · 1988 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
22
Red Eagle v. Freegreen
okla · 1942 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1997–1998
22
Loffland Bros. Co. v. Overstreetgreen
okla · 1988 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1995–1996
22
Runyon v. Reidgreen
okla · 1973 · cited in 6 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1974–2003
2 sentences

2003Japan, 1981 OK 42, ¶ 11 , 627 P.2d 439, 441 ; Runyon v. Reid, 1973 OK 25, ¶¶ 12-13 , 510 P.2d 943, 946 . ¶ 32 On the other hand, when the defendant, as here also, relies upon an affirmative defense, then the defendant, as the party with the burden of proof, must meet the same standards as a plaintiff movant.

2003Japan, 1981 OK 42, ¶ 11 , 627 P.2d 439, 441 ; Runyon v. Reid, 1973 OK 25, ¶¶ 12-13 , 510 P.2d 943, 946 . ¶ 32 On the other hand, when the defendant, as here also, relies upon an affirmative defense, then the defendant, as the party with the burden of proof, must meet the same standards as a plaintiff movant.

16
Special Indemnity Fund v. Choategreen
okla · 1993 · cited in 4 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1995–2002
2 sentences

2002Special Indemnity Fund v. Choate, 1993 OK 15 , 847 P.2d 796 .

2002Special Indemnity Fund v. Choate, 1993 OK 15 , 847 P.2d 796 .

14
Moneypenney v. Dawsongreen
okla · 2006 · cited in 3 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2009–2011
2 sentences

2011O.R. at 749-750 Generally, a statute of limitations is an affirmative defense which a defendant must plead and prove, Moneypenney v. Dawson, 2006 OK 53, ¶ 2 , 141 P.3d 549, 551 , and a determination on a limitations issue is a determination on the merits, State ex rel.

2011O.R. at 749-750 Generally, a statute of limitations is an affirmative defense which a defendant must plead and prove, Moneypenney v. Dawson, 2006 OK 53, ¶ 2 , 141 P.3d 549, 551 , and a determination on a limitations issue is a determination on the merits, State ex rel.

13
Norman v. Stategreen
oklacrimapp · 1982 · cited in 3 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1985–1992
2 sentences

1992Id. ' In the present case, the only evidence of Appellant’s intoxication came from his own statement to the police that he “had been drinking and utilizing drugs from between 5:00 and 6:00 p.m. until about 10:30 p.m.” (Tr. 380-381) This is contrasted with Appellant’s detailed confession to the offenses.

1992Id.

13
Liberty Bank & Trust Co. of Oklahoma City, N.A. v. Bachrachgreen
okla · 1996 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1996–2024
12
Million v. Milliongreen
okla · 2012 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
12
Lockhart v. Loosengreen
okla · 1997 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
12
Leach v. Hamilton Trucking Co.green
oklacivapp · 2002 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2002–2006
12
Grove v. Morgangreen
okla · 1978 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1979–2001
12
Flick v. Crouchgreen
okla · 1967 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1988–1997
12

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Oklahoma. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (42)

CaseCitedYears
Nealis v. Baird green
okla · 1999
2 sentences

2009T6 Plaintiff responded by arguing the proper court to determine Decedent's heirs was the still pending action in the probate court in McClain County. 1 He further points out Defendant was not a party to the workers' compensation action and thus is precluded from relying on issue preclusion as an affirmative defense, citing Nealis v. Baird, 1999 OK 98 , 996 P.2d 438 . 17 In Nealis, the defendants contended that by the verdict in their favor in the plaintiffs' personal injury action, the jury absolved them of any negligence in connection with the plaintiffs prenatal care.

2009T6 Plaintiff responded by arguing the proper court to determine Decedent's heirs was the still pending action in the probate court in McClain County. 1 He further points out Defendant was not a party to the workers' compensation action and thus is precluded from relying on issue preclusion as an affirmative defense, citing Nealis v. Baird, 1999 OK 98 , 996 P.2d 438 . 17 In Nealis, the defendants contended that by the verdict in their favor in the plaintiffs' personal injury action, the jury absolved them of any negligence in connection with the plaintiffs prenatal care.

42002–2014
Turpen v. State neutral
oklacrimapp · 1949
2 sentences

1970Crossett v. State, 96 Okl.Cr. 209 , 252 P.2d 150 ; Turpen v. State, 89 Okl.Cr. 6 , 204 P.2d 298 .

1970Crossett v. State, 96 Okl.Cr. 209 , 252 P.2d 150 ; Turpen v. State, 89 Okl.Cr. 6 , 204 P.2d 298 .

41952–1970
Ex Parte Scherer neutral
oklacrimapp · 1936
2 sentences

1928L. section 127, page 115, we find this statement: “Under the code system of pleadings, payment is new matter constituting a defense, ánd must be pleaded by the defendant, and it cannot be proven under a general denial, either in bar or mitigation of recovery.” This court has concisely stated this rule in the case of Standard Fashion Co. v. Joels, 60 Okla. 195 , 159 Pac. 846 , as follows : “Payment is an affirmative defense, and to be available, must be expressly pleaded.

1918In 30 Cyc. 1253 (B) it is said: “Nonpayment need not be alleged in the complaint.” In Standard Fashion Co. v. Joels, 60 Okla. 195 , 159 Pac. 846 , it is held: “Payment is an affirmative defense, and, to be available, must be expressly pleaded.

41918–1939
Standard Fashion Co. v. Joels neutral
okla · 1916
2 sentences

1928L. section 127, page 115, we find this statement: “Under the code system of pleadings, payment is new matter constituting a defense, ánd must be pleaded by the defendant, and it cannot be proven under a general denial, either in bar or mitigation of recovery.” This court has concisely stated this rule in the case of Standard Fashion Co. v. Joels, 60 Okla. 195 , 159 Pac. 846 , as follows : “Payment is an affirmative defense, and to be available, must be expressly pleaded.

1918In 30 Cyc. 1253 (B) it is said: “Nonpayment need not be alleged in the complaint.” In Standard Fashion Co. v. Joels, 60 Okla. 195 , 159 Pac. 846 , it is held: “Payment is an affirmative defense, and, to be available, must be expressly pleaded.

41918–1939
Upham Shoe Co. v. Pollard neutral
okla · 1925
2 sentences

1935The defense of payment is not admissible under a general denial where proper objections are made to the introduction of testimony tend-' ing to establish such defense of payment.” Also, the case of Upham Shoe Co. v. Pollard, 111 Okla. 228 , 239 P. 244 , held: “Payment is an affirmative defense, and to be available must be expressly pleaded.

1935The defense of payment is not admissible under a general denial where proper objections are made to the introduction of testimony tend-' ing to establish such defense of payment.” Also, the case of Upham Shoe Co. v. Pollard, 111 Okla. 228 , 239 P. 244 , held: “Payment is an affirmative defense, and to be available must be expressly pleaded.

41927–1936
Bickerstaff v. State green
oklacrimapp · 1983
2 sentences

2013See Cooper v. State, 1991 OK CR 26, 113 , 806 P.2d 1136, 1139 ; Mornes v. State, 1988 OK CR 78, ¶ 13 , 755 P.2d 91, 95 ; Bickerstaff v. State, 1983 OK CR 116, ¶ 10 , 669 P.2d 778, 780 . .

1984The sentences he received in each were designated to run concurrent with one another. 3 .In Bickerstaff v. State, 669 P.2d 778 (Okl.Cr.1983), we held that the issue of whether a defendant’s prior felony convictions arose out of the same transaction or occurrence or series of events, closely related in time and location under Section 51(B) constitutes an affirmative defense which must be raised by the defendant at trial.

31984–2013
Crawford v. State green
oklacrimapp · 1992
2 sentences

2000Crawford v. State, 1992 OK CR 62, ¶ 53 , 840 P.2d 627, 638 . ¶ 20 Here, Appellant was able to give a detailed account of the events of the night in question.

1998"If voluntary intoxication is to be relied upon as an affirmative defense, the defendant must introduce sufficient evidence to raise a reasonable doubt as to his ability to form the requisite criminal intent." Id.

31998–2000
Smith v. Oklahoma City green
oklacrimapp · 1973
2 sentences

1977In Copenhaver , later cited with approval in Smith v. Oklahoma City, Okl.Cr., 513 P.2d 1327 (1973), we stated: “. . .In all future cases where there is a plea of guilty, the procedure above set forth should be followed; provided, however, that prior to accepting a plea of guilty, the defendant should be informed of the nature and consequences of such plea, of his right to court-appointed counsel, if indigent, and his right to a jury trial, and the record should reflect an affirmative waiver of all of these rights prior to the acceptance of a plea.” [footnote omitted] Citing Boykin , defendant

1975In Copenhaver, supra, later cited with approval in Smith v. Oklahoma City, Okl.Cr., 513 P.2d 1327 (1973), this Court stated: “ ‘In all future cases where there is a plea of guilty, the procedure above set forth should be followed; provided, however, that prior to accepting a plea of guilty, the defendant should be informed of the nature and consequences of such plea 1, “ ‘i- In this connection the judge should advise the defendant of the minimum and maximum punishment provided by law for the crime of which the accused stands charged. of his right to court-appointed counsel, if indigent, and hi

31975–1979
Winton v. Myers green
okla · 1899
2 sentences

1918Ency. of Law (2d Ed.) 587, the general rule sustained by all the authorities is as follows: “The general rule is well settled that payment is an affirmative defense, and will not, in the first) instance, be presumed, but, after the antecedent existence of'the indebtedness has. been proved by the creditor, the burden of proving its discharge by payment isi upon th debtor or person alleging the payment.” In the case of Winton et al. v. Myers, 8 Okla. 421 , 58 Pac. 634 , it is said: “Payment is always a matter of defense, and as a general rule, must be specifically pleaded and proven by him who c

1918Ency. of Law (2d Ed.) 587, the general rule sustained by all the authorities is as follows: “The general rule is well settled that payment is an affirmative defense, and will not, in the first) instance, be presumed, but, after the antecedent existence of'the indebtedness has. been proved by the creditor, the burden of proving its discharge by payment isi upon th debtor or person alleging the payment.” In the case of Winton et al. v. Myers, 8 Okla. 421 , 58 Pac. 634 , it is said: “Payment is always a matter of defense, and as a general rule, must be specifically pleaded and proven by him who c

31918–1976
Gasper v. Mayer green
okla · 1935
2 sentences

1975Gasper v. Mayer, 171 Okl. 457 , 43 P.2d 467 .

1975Gasper v. Mayer, 171 Okl. 457 , 43 P.2d 467 .

31943–1975
Straub v. Swaim green
okla · 1956
2 sentences

1966In Straub v. Swaim, Okl., 296 P.2d 147 , we said that the Statute of Limitation is an affirmative defense which must be pleaded by the party asserting or claiming it, and when it is not pleaded it is waived.

1965Equitable Royalty Corp. et al. v. Hullet et al., 206 Okl. 233 , 243 P.2d 986 ; Straub et al. v. Swaim, Okl., 296 P.2d 147 .

31962–1966
Barnes v. Central State Bank neutral
okla · 1952
2 sentences

1957Plaintiffs argue that where under the pleadings the plaintiff is entitled to recover unless a certain affirmative defense therein pleaded is sustained, and no evidence is produced reasonably tending to support such a defense, the verdict should be directed in favor of the plaintiff, and cite in support thereof, Motor Mortgage Co. v. Hamilton, 175 Okl. 563 , 54 P.2d 153 ; Ivey v. Stewart, Okl., 295 P.2d 1056 , and Barnes v. Central State Bank, 207 Okl. 399 , 250 P.2d 21 .

1957Plaintiffs argue that where under the pleadings the plaintiff is entitled to recover unless a certain affirmative defense therein pleaded is sustained, and no evidence is produced reasonably tending to support such a defense, the verdict should be directed in favor of the plaintiff, and cite in support thereof, Motor Mortgage Co. v. Hamilton, 175 Okl. 563 , 54 P.2d 153 ; Ivey v. Stewart, Okl., 295 P.2d 1056 , and Barnes v. Central State Bank, 207 Okl. 399 , 250 P.2d 21 .

31956–1958
Shunkamolah v. Potter Delco neutral
okla · 1928
2 sentences

1953Shunkamolah v. Potter Delco, 131 Okla. 272 , 268 P. 270 .

1953Shunkamolah v. Potter Delco, 131 Okla. 272 , 268 P. 270 .

31930–1953
Adams Oil & Gas Co. v. Hudson green
okla · 1915
2 sentences

1927Bruce et al. v. Overton et al., 54 Okla. 350 , 154 Pac. 340 ; Adams Oil & Gas Co. v. Hudson, 55 Okla. 386 , 155 Pac. 220 ; Tucker v. Leonard et al., 76 Okla. 16 , 183 Pac. 907 ; Mobley v. Rhoades et al., 77 Okla. 64 , 186 Pac. 230 ; McIntosh v. Holtgrave et al., 79 Okla. 63 , 191 Pac. 739 .” In Bruce v. Overton, supra, it was held: “A person seeking protection as an innocent purchaser of real estate without notice of an outstanding title must both allege and prove facts constituting him such innocent purchaser, and, unless he does so, that issue is not raised.” In the body of the opinion it is

1927Bruce et al. v. Overton et al., 54 Okla. 350 , 154 Pac. 340 ; Adams Oil & Gas Co. v. Hudson, 55 Okla. 386 , 155 Pac. 220 ; Tucker v. Leonard et al., 76 Okla. 16 , 183 Pac. 907 ; Mobley v. Rhoades et al., 77 Okla. 64 , 186 Pac. 230 ; McIntosh v. Holtgrave et al., 79 Okla. 63 , 191 Pac. 739 .” In Bruce v. Overton, supra, it was held: “A person seeking protection as an innocent purchaser of real estate without notice of an outstanding title must both allege and prove facts constituting him such innocent purchaser, and, unless he does so, that issue is not raised.” In the body of the opinion it is

31927–1945
Palmer-Gregory Chiropractic College v. Hart neutral
okla · 1910
2 sentences

1936Harrah & Co. v. First National Bank of Tonkawa, 26 Okla. 620 , 110 P. 725 : “Where under the pleadings the plaintiff is entitled to recover unless a certain affirmative defense therein pleaded is sustained, no evidence being produced reasonably tending to support such defense, a verdict should be directed in favor of the plaintiff.” The defendants having admitted the execution of the notes in question and having failed to introduce any competent evidence in support of their affirmative defenses of breach of warranty and failure of consideration, and the evidence of the defendants having wholly

1923Bank of Tonka wa, 20 Okla. 620 , 110 Pac. 725 ; Fitzpatrick v. Nations, 30 Okla. 207 , 94 Pac. 1020 ; Cockrell v. Schmidt, 20 Okla. 207 , 94 Pac. 521 .

31917–1936
Equitable Surety Co. v. Sapp neutral
okla · 1920
2 sentences

1936This court, in the case of Equitable Surety Co. v. Sapp, 77 Okla. 221 , 187 P. 917 , states the rule in relation to an affirmative defense: “Where a defendant sets up an affirmative defense, and the plaintiff denies the existence of said fact, the burden of proof is upon the defendant to prove said allegations of his answer.” Tancred et al. v. Holuby et al., 124 Okla. 97 , 254 P. 75 .

1936This court, in the case of Equitable Surety Co. v. Sapp, 77 Okla. 221 , 187 P. 917 , states the rule in relation to an affirmative defense: “Where a defendant sets up an affirmative defense, and the plaintiff denies the existence of said fact, the burden of proof is upon the defendant to prove said allegations of his answer.” Tancred et al. v. Holuby et al., 124 Okla. 97 , 254 P. 75 .

31927–1936
Bruce Et Ux. v. Overton green
okla · 1916
2 sentences

1927Bruce et al. v. Overton et al., 54 Okla. 350 , 154 Pac. 340 ; Adams Oil & Gas Co. v. Hudson, 55 Okla. 386 , 155 Pac. 220 ; Tucker v. Leonard et al., 76 Okla. 16 , 183 Pac. 907 ; Mobley v. Rhoades et al., 77 Okla. 64 , 186 Pac. 230 ; McIntosh v. Holtgrave et al., 79 Okla. 63 , 191 Pac. 739 .” In Bruce v. Overton, supra, it was held: “A person seeking protection as an innocent purchaser of real estate without notice of an outstanding title must both allege and prove facts constituting him such innocent purchaser, and, unless he does so, that issue is not raised.” In the body of the opinion it is

1927Bruce et al. v. Overton et al., 54 Okla. 350 , 154 Pac. 340 ; Adams Oil & Gas Co. v. Hudson, 55 Okla. 386 , 155 Pac. 220 ; Tucker v. Leonard et al., 76 Okla. 16 , 183 Pac. 907 ; Mobley v. Rhoades et al., 77 Okla. 64 , 186 Pac. 230 ; McIntosh v. Holtgrave et al., 79 Okla. 63 , 191 Pac. 739 .” In Bruce v. Overton, supra, it was held: “A person seeking protection as an innocent purchaser of real estate without notice of an outstanding title must both allege and prove facts constituting him such innocent purchaser, and, unless he does so, that issue is not raised.” In the body of the opinion it is

31919–1927
Akins v. Altus Newspapers, Inc. green
okla · 1980
22017–2026
DOE v. THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH U.S.A. OF TULSA green
okla · 2017
22023–2023
St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Co. v. Getty Oil Co. green
okla · 1989
22019–2019
Lafalier v. LEAD-IMPACTED COMMUNITIES green
okla · 2010
22019–2019
Davis v. State green
oklacrimapp · 2011
22018–2018
State v. Dockery green
ohioctapp · 2010
22018–2018
Parrish v. Ilina green
fladistctapp · 2017
22017–2017
Neil Acquisition, L.L.C. v. Wingrod Investment Corp. green
okla · 1996
21997–2015
Bank of America, NA v. Kabba green
okla · 2012
22015–2015
Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs v. Greenwich Collieries green
scotus · 1994
22014–2014
Manley v. Brown green
okla · 1999
22014–2014
Cities Service Co. v. Gulf Oil Corp. green
okla · 1999
22014–2014
Hathaway v. MEDICAL RESEARCH & TECH. AUTH. green
okla · 2002
22014–2014
Harlow v. Fitzgerald green
scotus · 1982
21994–2012
Harper-Turner Oil Company v. Bridge green
okla · 1957
22009–2012
State Ex Rel. Oklahoma Bar Ass'n v. Busch green
okla · 1999
22011–2011
In Re Williams green
gand · 1976
22010–2010
Johnson v. Noble green
okla · 1936
22010–2010
Widick v. Phillips Petroleum Co. neutral
okla · 1937
22010–2010
Zipes v. Trans World Airlines, Inc. green
scotus · 1982
22007–2008
Frey v. Independence Fire & Casualty Co. green
okla · 1985
21999–2007
Bench v. State neutral
oklacrimapp · 1987
22006–2006
Stephens v. Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. green
okla · 1981
22003–2005

Statutes the citing opinions construe

OK § Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 2008 (17) OK § Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 95 (12) OK § Okla. Stat. tit. 21, § 701.7 (11)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 8269 (1902–2026) IL 3182 (1893–2026) NY 3133 (1870–2026) OH 2190 (1904–2026) CA 2170 (1869–2026) FL 1297 (1907–2026) MO 1169 (1890–2025) NC 1063 (1899–2026) PA 1005 (1907–2026) WA 876 (1892–2026) TN 861 (1928–2026) GA 848 (1911–2026) LA 814 (1923–2026) MI 796 (1906–2026) IN 666 (1893–2026) CO 624 (1891–2026) AL 569 (1846–2026) NJ 492 (1934–2026) CT 459 (1914–2026) OR 441 (1882–2026) VA 356 (1922–2026) MS 331 (1906–2026) IA 331 (1895–2026) OK 325 (1911–2026) AZ 323 (1945–2026) MA 305 (1913–2026) ME 282 (1951–2026) UT 273 (1887–2026) SC 269 (1901–2026) AR 262 (1919–2026) MD 260 (1904–2026) NE 254 (1892–2026) WI 230 (1875–2026) NM 229 (1917–2025) MN 221 (1907–2026) KS 213 (1889–2026) MT 212 (1897–2026) KY 198 (1928–2026) ID 197 (1908–2026) DC 183 (1938–2026) DE 182 (1961–2026) ND 166 (1907–2026) RI 144 (1948–2026) VT 139 (1923–2026) HI 136 (1911–2026) NV 131 (1922–2025) WY 127 (1923–2026) WV 114 (1913–2026) AK 114 (1967–2025) SD 108 (1894–2026) NH 92 (1943–2025) VI 45 (1979–2026) MP 7 (1996–2025) PR 6 (1926–2013) GU 4 (2021–2022)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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