adverse possession claim (Maine) · Go Syfert
← Maine issues

adverse possession claim in Maine

32 Maine opinions name it 2 courts 1914–2024 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Maine courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (23)

CaseFollowedCited
McMullen v. Dowleygreen
me · 1984 · cited in 3 Maine opinions naming this issue, 1989–2006
2 sentences

2006Under this approach, which is considered the minority rule in the country, “one who by mistake occupies ... land not covered by his deed with no intention to claim title beyond his actual boundary wherever that may be, does not thereby acquire title by adverse possession to land beyond the true line.” Preble, 85 Me. at 264 , 27 A. at 150 ; see also McMullen, 483 A.2d at 700 (“[If] the occupier intend[s] to hold the property only if he were in fact legally entitled to it[, the] occupation [is] ‘conditional’ and [cannot] form the basis of an adverse possession claim.”). 3 The majority rule in th

1994See also McMullen v. Dowley, 483 A.2d 698, 700 (Me. 1984) (if occupier intends to hold the property only if he were in fact legally entitled to it, the occupation is conditional and cannot form the basis of an adverse possession claim.) 4 “It is primarily for the factfinder to judge the credibility of witnesses and to consider the weight and significance of any other evidence.

23
Landry v. Gigueregreen
me · 1928 · cited in 3 Maine opinions naming this issue, 1984–2001
2 sentences

2001Such an occupation would be conditional and could. not form the basis of an adverse possession claim. /d. (citing Landry v. Giguere, 127 Me. 264, 268 , 143 A 1, 2-3 (1928)4.

1989Id. (citing Landry v. Giguere, 127 Me. 264, 268 , 143 A. 1, 2-3 (1928)).

23
Striefel v. Charles-Keyt-Leaman Partnershipgreen
me · 1999 · cited in 4 Maine opinions naming this issue, 1999–2015
2 sentences

2001Adverse Possession The defendants allege in Counterclaim Count II that they have title to the center of Horseshoe Road “by adverse possession having possessed and occupied [the] premises for more than 20 years, in an open, notorious, hostile, continuous and exclusive manner under a claim of right.” “Title by adverse possession may be established either pursuant to the common law or statutory provisions.” Striefel v. Charles-Keyt-Leaman, 1999 ME 111, 95 , 733 A.2d 984, 989 .

2001Adverse Possession The defendants allege in Counterclaim Count II that they have title to the center of Horseshoe Road “by adverse possession having possessed and occupied [the] premises for more than 20 years, in an open, notorious, hostile, continuous and exclusive manner under a claim of right.” “Title by adverse possession may be established either pursuant to the common law or statutory provisions.” Striefel v. Charles-Keyt-Leaman, 1999 ME 111, 95 , 733 A.2d 984, 989 .

14
Dombkowski v. Ferlandgreen
me · 2006 · cited in 3 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2006–2019
2 sentences

2019This satisfies the common law element of a "claim ofright." And the statutory formulation of an adverse possession claim under 14 lvI.R.S .A. §_ 810­ A does not require proof of a claim of right, see Dombkowski, 2006 ME 24 , PP24.

2008“We will uphold the court’s determination of the facts underlying an adverse possession claim if the findings are supported by credible evidence in the record.” Id.

13
Weeks v. Krysagreen
me · 2008 · cited in 2 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2014–2020
2 sentences

2014Weeks v. Krysa, 2008 ME 120, ¶¶ 12, 21 , 955 A.2d 234 (holding that evidence of occasional, seasonal use of an undeveloped lot was insufficient to support an adverse possession claim). [¶ 29] Relying on the doctrine of constructive adverse possession, however, the Court holds that a person can obtain equitable title to an entire parcel if the parcel is described in the person’s deed and the person has occupied “a portion of that parcel in a manner sufficient to establish title by adverse possession.” Court’s Opinion ¶ 7 (citing Campbell v. Whitehouse, 122 Me. 409, 417 , 120 A. 529 (1923); Bant

2014Weeks v. Krysa, 2008 ME 120, ¶¶ 12, 21 , 955 A.2d 234 (holding that evidence of occasional, seasonal use of an undeveloped lot was insufficient to support an adverse possession claim). [¶ 29] Relying on the doctrine of constructive adverse possession, however, the Court holds that a person can obtain equitable title to an entire parcel if the parcel is described in the person’s deed and the person has occupied “a portion of that parcel in a manner sufficient to establish title by adverse possession.” Court’s Opinion ¶ 7 (citing Campbell v. Whitehouse, 122 Me. 409, 417 , 120 A. 529 (1923); Bant

12
Grimstad v. Dordangreen
or · 1970 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024See Grimstad v. Dordan, 471 P.2d 778, 781 (Or. 1970) (holding that possession of property in regard to an adverse possession claim does not have to be 27 absolutely exclusive if the possession is of the kind expected of an owner under the circumstances, such that a disseisor may give permission to others to make some use of the subject property); Bensdorff v. Uihlein, 177 S.W. 481 , 483 (Tenn. 1915) (holding that mere use of property with the permission of the disseisor will not destroy the disseisor’s adverse possession claim); Peveto v. Herring, 198 S.W.2d 921, 925 (Tex. Civ.

11
Peveto v. Herringgreen
texapp · 1946 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024See Grimstad v. Dordan, 471 P.2d 778, 781 (Or. 1970) (holding that possession of property in regard to an adverse possession claim does not have to be 27 absolutely exclusive if the possession is of the kind expected of an owner under the circumstances, such that a disseisor may give permission to others to make some use of the subject property); Bensdorff v. Uihlein, 177 S.W. 481 , 483 (Tenn. 1915) (holding that mere use of property with the permission of the disseisor will not destroy the disseisor’s adverse possession claim); Peveto v. Herring, 198 S.W.2d 921, 925 (Tex. Civ.

11
DiVeto v. Kjellgrengreen
me · 2004 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021See generally DiVeto v. Kjellgren, 2004 ME 133, ¶ 24 , 861 A.2d 618 (holding that one who does not own a parcel cannot maintain a claim of title by acquiescence or a claim of trespass); Laux v. Harrington, 2012 ME 18 , ¶ 24 n.4, 38 A.3d 318 (noting that a party arguing for easement rights on behalf of non-parties may not have standing to assert such rights).

2021See generally DiVeto v. Kjellgren, 2004 ME 133, ¶ 24 , 861 A.2d 618 (holding that one who does not own a parcel cannot maintain a claim of title by acquiescence or a claim of trespass); Laux v. Harrington, 2012 ME 18 , ¶ 24 n.4, 38 A.3d 318 (noting that a party arguing for easement rights on behalf of non-parties may not have standing to assert such rights).

11
Baptist Youth Camp v. Robinsongreen
me · 1998 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015See Baptist Youth Camp v. Robinson, 1998 ME 175 , ,-r 14, 714 A.2d 809 ; see also Alexander, Maine Jury Instruction Manual§ 7-90 at 7-125 (2013 ed.) (illustrating prescriptive easement as 7 Uw evidence presented regarding adverse possession was largely unopposed.

2015See Baptist Youth Camp v. Robinson, 1998 ME 175 , ,-r 14, 714 A.2d 809 ; see also Alexander, Maine Jury Instruction Manual§ 7-90 at 7-125 (2013 ed.) (illustrating prescriptive easement as 7 Uw evidence presented regarding adverse possession was largely unopposed.

11
Harkins v. Fullergreen
me · 1995 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014We have likewise held that there is insufficient proof of adverse possession where the claimant’s use of only a portion of the land did not put the landowner on notice of the adverse possession, and much of the disputed area was “overgrown with bushes and weeds.” Harkins v. Fuller, 652 A.2d 90, 92 (Me.1995). [¶ 15] Since 1983, Hanscom openly and notoriously possessed the land on which her garage and driveway sit.

11
Brackett v. Persons unknowngreen
· 1861 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Weeks v. Krysa, 2008 ME 120, ¶¶ 12, 21 , 955 A.2d 234 (holding that evidence of occasional, seasonal use of an undeveloped lot was insufficient to support an adverse possession claim). [¶ 29] Relying on the doctrine of constructive adverse possession, however, the Court holds that a person can obtain equitable title to an entire parcel if the parcel is described in the person’s deed and the person has occupied “a portion of that parcel in a manner sufficient to establish title by adverse possession.” Court’s Opinion ¶ 7 (citing Campbell v. Whitehouse, 122 Me. 409, 417 , 120 A. 529 (1923); Bant

2014Weeks v. Krysa, 2008 ME 120, ¶¶ 12, 21 , 955 A.2d 234 (holding that evidence of occasional, seasonal use of an undeveloped lot was insufficient to support an adverse possession claim). [¶29] Relying on the doctrine of constructive adverse possession, however, the Court holds that a person can obtain equitable title to an entire parcel if the parcel is described in the person’s deed and the person has occupied “a portion of that parcel in a manner sufficient to establish title by adverse possession.” Court’s Opinion ¶ 7 (citing Campbell v. Whitehouse, 122 Me. 409, 417 , 120 A. 529 (1923); Banto

11
Richards Realty Co. v. Inhabitants of Town of Castle Hillgreen
me · 1979 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
1 sentence

2012See Richards Realty Co. v. Inhabitants of Town of Castle Hill, 406 A.2d 412, 413 (Me.1979) (addressing an adverse possession claim pursuant to 14 M.R.S. § 815 (2011)).

11
State v. SWIEKgreen
me · 2008 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
1 sentence

2011Hamlin, 2008 ME 130 , err 14, 955 A.2d at 255. 4.

11
Totman v. Malloygreen
mass · 2000 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
1 sentence

2008See Totman v. Malloy, 431 Mass. 143 , 725 N.E.2d 1045 , 1048-49 n. 5 (2000) (listing jurisdictions adopting a presumption of permission or requiring a heightened showing of hostility when a familial relationship exists); see also 3 Am.Jur. 2d Adverse Possession § 180 (2002) (discussing the general principle that stronger evidence of adverse possession, including a showing that the owner had clear, unequivocal notice, is required in matters involving family members); 4 Hebekt T.

11
Lyons v. Baptist School of Christian Traininggreen
me · 2002 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008Lyons v. Baptist Sch. of Christian Training, 2002 ME 137, ¶¶ 14, 19 , 804 A.2d 364, 369, 370 .

2008Lyons v. Baptist Sch. of Christian Training, 2002 ME 137, ¶¶ 14, 19 , 804 A.2d 364, 369, 370 .

11
Bank of America v. Finnemoregreen
me · 2006 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
1 sentence

2008A party claiming title by adverse possession has the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the possession and use of the property was “(1) actual; (2) open; (3) visible; (4) notorious; (5) hostile; (6) under a claim of right; (7) continuous; (8) exclusive; and (9) of a duration exceeding the twenty-year limitations period.” Wood v. Bell, 2006 ME 98, ¶ 12 , 902 A.2d 843, 848 (quotation marks omitted). 1.

11
French v. Pearcegreen
conn · 1831 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
1 sentence

2006Under this approach, which is considered the minority rule in the country, “one who by mistake occupies ... land not covered by his deed with no intention to claim title beyond his actual boundary wherever that may be, does not thereby acquire title by adverse possession to land beyond the true line.” Preble, 85 Me. at 264 , 27 A. at 150 ; see also McMullen, 483 A.2d at 700 (“[If] the occupier intend[s] to hold the property only if he were in fact legally entitled to it[, the] occupation [is] ‘conditional’ and [cannot] form the basis of an adverse possession claim.”). 3 The majority rule in th

11
Stowell v. Swiftgreen
me · 1990 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
11
Milliken v. Buswellgreen
me · 1973 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
11
Solomon's Rock Trust v. Davisgreen
me · 1996 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Wozneak v. Town of Hudsongreen
me · 1995 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Tonge v. Waterville Realty Corp.green
me · 1982 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11
Leighton v. Leightongreen
me · 1974 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 1982–1982
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Maine. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (19)

CaseCitedYears
Androkites v. White green
me · 2010
2 sentences

2011Thus, the court considers evidence of the use of the ) servient estate as evidence of continuous use, although the court recognizes that the Antakis dispute the claim that the Martins used the way continuously. 3 In its discussions of the adversity element of a prescriptive easement case, the Law Court has equated that concept to the hostility element of an adverse possession claim.4 Androkites, 2010 ME 133 ,, 21, 10 A.3d at 683-84 .

2011Thus, the court considers evidence of the use of the ) servient estate as evidence of continuous use, although the court recognizes that the Antakis dispute the claim that the Martins used the way continuously. 3 In its discussions of the adversity element of a prescriptive easement case, the Law Court has equated that concept to the hostility element of an adverse possession claim.4 Androkites, 2010 ME 133 ,, 21, 10 A.3d at 683-84 .

22011–2018
D'Angelo v. McNutt green
me · 2005
2 sentences

2014To succeed on an adverse possession claim, a party must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that “possession and use of the property was (1) actual; (2) open; (3) visible; (4) notorious; (5) hostile; (6) under a claim of right; (7) continuous; (8) exclusive; and (9) for a duration exceeding the twenty-year limitations period.” Id. ¶ 8. (quotation marks omitted). “[A]dverse possessors typically only acquire that property which they actually possessed.” D’Angelo v. McNutt, 2005 ME 31, ¶ 9 , 868 A.2d 239 . [¶ 14] In Dowley , we held that the claimant failed to adversely possess the entirety

2014To succeed on an adverse possession claim, a party must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that “possession and use of the property was (1) actual; (2) open; (3) visible; (4) notorious; (5) hostile; (6) under a claim of right; (7) continuous; (8) exclusive; and (9) for a duration exceeding the twenty-year limitations period.” Id. ¶ 8. (quotation marks omitted). “[A]dverse possessors typically only acquire that property which they actually possessed.” D’Angelo v. McNutt, 2005 ME 31, ¶ 9 , 868 A.2d 239 . [¶ 14] In Dowley , we held that the claimant failed to adversely possess the entirety

22014–2017
Southridge Corp. v. Board of Environmental Protection green
me · 1995
2 sentences

2016Southridge Corp., 655 A.2d at 348 .

2004Prot., 655 A.2d 345 (Me. 1995), the Law Court held that a landowner whose interest in real estate was based entirely on an adverse possession claim had sufficient right, title or interest in the disputed land to apply to the DEP for a permit.

22004–2016
Loavenbruck v. Rohrbach green
me · 2002
2 sentences

2005As we said in Loavenbmck, a person cannot obtain title by adverse possession against the government “absent express statutory authorization.” 2002 ME 73, ¶ 12 , 795 A.2d at 93 .

2005As we said in Loavenbmck, a person cannot obtain title by adverse possession against the government “absent express statutory authorization.” 2002 ME 73, ¶ 12 , 795 A.2d at 93 .

22002–2005
MILL POND CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION v. Manalio green
me · 2006
2 sentences

2024Ass’n v. Manalio, 2006 ME 135, ¶ 9 , 910 A.2d 392 (concluding that if a claimant’s use and maintenance of land are consistent with the claimant’s rights of access over that land, there is no hostility for the purposes of an adverse possession claim).

2024Ass’n v. Manalio, 2006 ME 135, ¶ 9 , 910 A.2d 392 (concluding that if a claimant’s use and maintenance of land are consistent with the claimant’s rights of access over that land, there is no hostility for the purposes of an adverse possession claim).

12024–2024
Christopher Grondin v. Susan R. Hanscom green
me · 2014
2 sentences

2024Grondin v. Hanscom, 2014 ME 148, § 13 , 106 A.3d 1150 (citations omitted).

2024Grondin v. Hanscom, 2014 ME 148, § 13 , 106 A.3d 1150 (citations omitted).

12024–2024
Laux v. Harrington green
me · 2012
2 sentences

2021See generally DiVeto v. Kjellgren, 2004 ME 133, ¶ 24 , 861 A.2d 618 (holding that one who does not own a parcel cannot maintain a claim of title by acquiescence or a claim of trespass); Laux v. Harrington, 2012 ME 18 , ¶ 24 n.4, 38 A.3d 318 (noting that a party arguing for easement rights on behalf of non-parties may not have standing to assert such rights).

2021See generally DiVeto v. Kjellgren, 2004 ME 133, ¶ 24 , 861 A.2d 618 (holding that one who does not own a parcel cannot maintain a claim of title by acquiescence or a claim of trespass); Laux v. Harrington, 2012 ME 18 , ¶ 24 n.4, 38 A.3d 318 (noting that a party arguing for easement rights on behalf of non-parties may not have standing to assert such rights).

12021–2021
Dowley v. Morency green
me · 1999
2 sentences

2014To succeed on an adverse possession claim, a party must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that “possession and use of the property was (1) actual; (2) open; (3) visible; (4) notorious; (5) hostile; (6) under a claim of right; (7) continuous; (8) exclusive; and (9) for a duration exceeding the twenty-year limitations period.” Id. ¶ 8. (quotation marks omitted). “[A]dverse possessors typically only acquire that property which they actually possessed.” D’Angelo v. McNutt, 2005 ME 31, ¶ 9 , 868 A.2d 239 . [¶ 14] In Dowley , we held that the claimant failed to adversely possess the entirety

2014To succeed on an adverse possession claim, a party must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that “possession and use of the property was (1) actual; (2) open; (3) visible; (4) notorious; (5) hostile; (6) under a claim of right; (7) continuous; (8) exclusive; and (9) for a duration exceeding the twenty-year limitations period.” Id. ¶ 8. (quotation marks omitted). “[A]dverse possessors typically only acquire that property which they actually possessed.” D’Angelo v. McNutt, 2005 ME 31, ¶ 9 , 868 A.2d 239 . [¶ 14] In Dowley , we held that the claimant failed to adversely possess the entirety

12014–2014
Banton v. Herrick neutral
me · 1906
2 sentences

2014Weeks v. Krysa, 2008 ME 120, ¶¶ 12, 21 , 955 A.2d 234 (holding that evidence of occasional, seasonal use of an undeveloped lot was insufficient to support an adverse possession claim). [¶ 29] Relying on the doctrine of constructive adverse possession, however, the Court holds that a person can obtain equitable title to an entire parcel if the parcel is described in the person’s deed and the person has occupied “a portion of that parcel in a manner sufficient to establish title by adverse possession.” Court’s Opinion ¶ 7 (citing Campbell v. Whitehouse, 122 Me. 409, 417 , 120 A. 529 (1923); Bant

2014Weeks v. Krysa, 2008 ME 120, ¶¶ 12, 21 , 955 A.2d 234 (holding that evidence of occasional, seasonal use of an undeveloped lot was insufficient to support an adverse possession claim). [¶ 29] Relying on the doctrine of constructive adverse possession, however, the Court holds that a person can obtain equitable title to an entire parcel if the parcel is described in the person’s deed and the person has occupied “a portion of that parcel in a manner sufficient to establish title by adverse possession.” Court’s Opinion ¶ 7 (citing Campbell v. Whitehouse, 122 Me. 409, 417 , 120 A. 529 (1923); Bant

12014–2014
Campbell v. Whitehouse neutral
me · 1923
2 sentences

2014Weeks v. Krysa, 2008 ME 120, ¶¶ 12, 21 , 955 A.2d 234 (holding that evidence of occasional, seasonal use of an undeveloped lot was insufficient to support an adverse possession claim). [¶ 29] Relying on the doctrine of constructive adverse possession, however, the Court holds that a person can obtain equitable title to an entire parcel if the parcel is described in the person’s deed and the person has occupied “a portion of that parcel in a manner sufficient to establish title by adverse possession.” Court’s Opinion ¶ 7 (citing Campbell v. Whitehouse, 122 Me. 409, 417 , 120 A. 529 (1923); Bant

2014Weeks v. Krysa, 2008 ME 120, ¶¶ 12, 21 , 955 A.2d 234 (holding that evidence of occasional, seasonal use of an undeveloped lot was insufficient to support an adverse possession claim). [¶ 29] Relying on the doctrine of constructive adverse possession, however, the Court holds that a person can obtain equitable title to an entire parcel if the parcel is described in the person’s deed and the person has occupied “a portion of that parcel in a manner sufficient to establish title by adverse possession.” Court’s Opinion ¶ 7 (citing Campbell v. Whitehouse, 122 Me. 409, 417 , 120 A. 529 (1923); Bant

12014–2014
Hamlin v. Niedner green
me · 2008
1 sentence

2011Hamlin, 2008 ME 130 , err 14, 955 A.2d at 255. 4.

12011–2011
Webber v. Barker Lumber Co. green
me · 1922
2 sentences

2008Webber, 121 Me. at 262-65 , 116 A. at 587-88 . 7 [¶ 19] In addition, there was evidence that after storms and on a few other occasions, the Weeks lot owners may have cut trees and cleared some brush on the disputed lot.

2008Webber, 121 Me. at 262-65 , 116 A. at 587-88 . 7 [¶ 19] In addition, there was evidence that after storms and on a few other occasions, the Weeks lot owners may have cut trees and cleared some brush on the disputed lot.

12008–2008
Wood v. Bell green
me · 2006
1 sentence

2008A party claiming title by adverse possession has the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the possession and use of the property was “(1) actual; (2) open; (3) visible; (4) notorious; (5) hostile; (6) under a claim of right; (7) continuous; (8) exclusive; and (9) of a duration exceeding the twenty-year limitations period.” Wood v. Bell, 2006 ME 98, ¶ 12 , 902 A.2d 843, 848 (quotation marks omitted). 1.

12008–2008
Preble v. Maine Central Railroad green
· 1893
12006–2006
Stewart v. Small green
me · 1920
11984–1984
McMullen v. Dowley green
me · 1980
11984–1984
Tracy v. Atherton green
· 1863
11914–1914
School District No. 8 v. Lynch green
conn · 1866
11914–1914
Kimball v. Ladd neutral
· 1870
11914–1914

Statutes the citing opinions construe

ME § Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 14, § 801 (4) ME § Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 14, § 810-A (4) ME § Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 14, § 7551-B (3) ME § Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 14, § 7552 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 90 (1930–2026) NY 81 (1875–2026) MO 52 (1855–2025) WA 51 (1943–2026) OH 46 (1979–2026) OR 35 (1909–2025) IN 33 (1855–2025) ME 32 (1914–2024) MI 30 (1897–2026) RI 27 (1970–2026) CT 27 (1983–2025) WY 27 (1981–2025) WI 26 (1927–2025) IA 21 (1903–2024) AL 21 (1866–2026) PA 20 (1840–2025) CA 19 (1915–2025) IL 19 (1981–2024) SC 18 (1987–2022) TN 18 (1998–2026) CO 17 (1956–2026) MS 15 (1987–2025) AZ 14 (1979–2024) MN 13 (1988–2026) AR 13 (1959–2021) WV 12 (1892–2025) MD 10 (1984–2018) NH 10 (1984–2025) ND 10 (1999–2025) OK 10 (1924–2014) NC 9 (1919–2025) VT 8 (2013–2025) UT 8 (1989–2025) VA 8 (1938–2026) NM 8 (1969–2003) MA 8 (1979–2025) KY 8 (2009–2025) GA 8 (1999–2023) KS 7 (1974–2024) HI 7 (1905–2016) ID 7 (1892–2024) SD 6 (1997–2026) NJ 6 (1979–2024) DE 5 (1959–2024) NE 4 (2016–2023) FL 4 (1991–2019) AK 3 (1982–2005) NV 3 (1992–2021) VI 3 (2008–2012) DC 2 (2019–2020) MT 2 (1991–2000)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check