Apprendi doctrine (New York) · Go Syfert
← New York issues

Apprendi doctrine in New York

31 New York opinions name it 7 courts 2002–2026 12 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (41)

CaseFollowedCited
Erlinger v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 2024 · cited in 7 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2026
2 sentences

2024But in Erlinger , the Court for the first time mandated jury trials for a factual determination of circumstances pertaining not to the present crime, but to a past offense ( see Erlinger [judicial finding that past offenses had been committed on "different occasions"]; see also Erlinger , 602 US at 855 [Kavanaugh, J., dissenting] ["Under Almendarez-Torres , legislatures may assign to judges the task of finding facts related to a defendant's past crimes — that is, to his 'recidivism'" (emphasis added)]; id. at 857 [Kavanaugh, J., dissenting] [" Apprendi drew a clear line between facts about pri

2024But in Erlinger , the Court for the first time mandated jury trials for a factual determination of circumstances pertaining not to the present crime, but to a past offense ( see Erlinger [judicial finding that past offenses had been committed on "different occasions"]; see also Erlinger , 602 US at 855 [Kavanaugh, J., dissenting] ["Under Almendarez-Torres , legislatures may assign to judges the task of finding facts related to a defendant's past crimes — that is, to his 'recidivism'" (emphasis added)]; id. at 857 [Kavanaugh, J., dissenting] [" Apprendi drew a clear line between facts about pri

47
People v. Riveragreen
ny · 2005 · cited in 11 New York opinions naming this issue, 2005–2024
2 sentences

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

311
Apprendi v. New Jerseygreen
scotus · 2000 · cited in 9 New York opinions naming this issue, 2003–2024
2 sentences

2024In addressing Adelman's habeas petition, the EDNY — which listed the dates of Adelman's prior convictions, and thus, was clearly aware that they fell outside of a straight ten year period from the commission of Adelman's commission of the case before it — held that "[b]ecause Apprendi 'expressly requires submission to a jury of any fact that permits an increase in the maximum penalty for a crime 'other than the fact of a prior conviction'" Boutte , 2008 U.S.Dist LEXIS 59052, 2008 WL 3166696 at 3 (citing Apprend i, 530 U.S. at 490 ) (emphasis in Boutte ), no Apprendi violation occurs, whereas h

2024In addressing Adelman's habeas petition, the EDNY — which listed the dates of Adelman's prior convictions, and thus, was clearly aware that they fell outside of a straight ten year period from the commission of Adelman's commission of the case before it — held that "[b]ecause Apprendi 'expressly requires submission to a jury of any fact that permits an increase in the maximum penalty for a crime 'other than the fact of a prior conviction'" Boutte , 2008 U.S.Dist LEXIS 59052, 2008 WL 3166696 at 3 (citing Apprend i, 530 U.S. at 490 ) (emphasis in Boutte ), no Apprendi violation occurs, whereas h

39
Blakely v. Washingtongreen
scotus · 2004 · cited in 6 New York opinions naming this issue, 2005–2017
2 sentences

2017For nearly two decades, the United States Supreme Court has applied the Apprendi rule in cases involving capital punishment (Hurst v Florida, 577 US —, 136 S Ct 616 [2016]; Ring v Arizona, 536 US 584 [2002]), broad judicial discretion to find aggravating factors (Cunningham v California, 549 US 270 [2007]; Blakely v Washington, 542 US 296 [2004]), the federal sentencing guidelines (United States v Booker, 543 US 220 [2005]), and mandatory minimum sentences (Al leyne, 570 US —, 133 S Ct 2151 ).

2017For nearly two decades, the United States Supreme Court has applied the Apprendi rule in cases involving capital punishment (Hurst v Florida, 577 US —, 136 S Ct 616 [2016]; Ring v Arizona, 536 US 584 [2002]), broad judicial discretion to find aggravating factors (Cunningham v California, 549 US 270 [2007]; Blakely v Washington, 542 US 296 [2004]), the federal sentencing guidelines (United States v Booker, 543 US 220 [2005]), and mandatory minimum sentences (Al leyne, 570 US —, 133 S Ct 2151 ).

36
United States v. Bookergreen
scotus · 2004 · cited in 6 New York opinions naming this issue, 2008–2017
2 sentences

2017For nearly two decades, the United States Supreme Court has applied the Apprendi rule in cases involving capital punishment (Hurst v Florida, 577 US —, 136 S Ct 616 [2016]; Ring v Arizona, 536 US 584 [2002]), broad judicial discretion to find aggravating factors (Cunningham v California, 549 US 270 [2007]; Blakely v Washington, 542 US 296 [2004]), the federal sentencing guidelines (United States v Booker, 543 US 220 [2005]), and mandatory minimum sentences (Al leyne, 570 US —, 133 S Ct 2151 ).

2017For nearly two decades, the United States Supreme Court has applied the Apprendi rule in cases involving capital punishment (Hurst v Florida, 577 US —, 136 S Ct 616 [2016]; Ring v Arizona, 536 US 584 [2002]), broad judicial discretion to find aggravating factors (Cunningham v California, 549 US 270 [2007]; Blakely v Washington, 542 US 296 [2004]), the federal sentencing guidelines (United States v Booker, 543 US 220 [2005]), and mandatory minimum sentences (Al leyne, 570 US —, 133 S Ct 2151 ).

36
Missouri v. Fryegreen
scotus · 2012 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024To apply Erlinger retroactively would upend countless sentences imposed over many decades following convictions both by plea and after trial ( see Baret , 23 NY3d at 800 ["the sheer volume of prosecutions disposed of by guilty plea ( see Missouri v Frye , 566 US 134, 143 [2012] ['(N)inety-four percent of state convictions are the result of guilty pleas']), weigh heavily against retroactive application"]).

2024To apply Erlinger retroactively would upend countless sentences imposed over many decades following convictions both by plea and after trial ( see Baret , 23 NY3d at 800 ["the sheer volume of prosecutions disposed of by guilty plea ( see Missouri v Frye , 566 US 134, 143 [2012] ['(N)inety-four percent of state convictions are the result of guilty pleas']), weigh heavily against retroactive application"]).

33
Spencer v. Texasgreen
scotus · 1966 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024Moreover, insofar as Erlinger expressly contemplated that its holding that juries must decide even recidivist sentencing questions should best be handled through bifurcated trials ( see 602 US at 847 [a "common and often fairest practice" (internal quotation marks and citations omitted)]; id. at 848 ["States that have not already done so can likewise adjust to any state-law implications of our straightforward application of Apprendi to (tolling requirements)" (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)]) — even though bifurcated trials have been and remain "rare in our jurisprudence; they

2024Moreover, insofar as Erlinger expressly contemplated that its holding that juries must decide even recidivist sentencing questions should best be handled through bifurcated trials ( see 602 US at 847 [a "common and often fairest practice" (internal quotation marks and citations omitted)]; id. at 848 ["States that have not already done so can likewise adjust to any state-law implications of our straightforward application of Apprendi to (tolling requirements)" (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)]) — even though bifurcated trials have been and remain "rare in our jurisprudence; they

33
People v. Baretgreen
ny · 2014 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024To apply Erlinger retroactively would upend countless sentences imposed over many decades following convictions both by plea and after trial ( see Baret , 23 NY3d at 800 ["the sheer volume of prosecutions disposed of by guilty plea ( see Missouri v Frye , 566 US 134, 143 [2012] ['(N)inety-four percent of state convictions are the result of guilty pleas']), weigh heavily against retroactive application"]).

2024To apply Erlinger retroactively would upend countless sentences imposed over many decades following convictions both by plea and after trial ( see Baret , 23 NY3d at 800 ["the sheer volume of prosecutions disposed of by guilty plea ( see Missouri v Frye , 566 US 134, 143 [2012] ['(N)inety-four percent of state convictions are the result of guilty pleas']), weigh heavily against retroactive application"]).

33
People v. Rosengreen
ny · 2001 · cited in 9 New York opinions naming this issue, 2004–2024
2 sentences

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

29
People v. Leongreen
ny · 2008 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2009–2025
2 sentences

2025See, People v Leon, 10 NY3d 122, 126 (2008) (denying Apprendi challenge; finding that the "who, what, when and where" of a prior conviction were so basic as to be "implicit" and wholly within the ability of a sentencing judge); People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935, 936 (2010) (denying Almendarez-Torres challenge).

2025See, People v Leon, 10 NY3d 122, 126 (2008) (denying Apprendi challenge; finding that the "who, what, when and where" of a prior conviction were so basic as to be "implicit" and wholly within the ability of a sentencing judge); People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935, 936 (2010) (denying Almendarez-Torres challenge).

23
People v. Westgreen
ny · 2005 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2009–2024
2 sentences

2024In People v. West , 5 NY3d 740, 741 (2005), the Court of Appeals declined to reach the issue of whether a defendant could raise an Apprendi argument for the first time on a motion to set aside his sentence pursuant to CPL § 440.20, in view of the Court's holding that New York's persistent felony offender statute is constitutional.

2024In People v. West , 5 NY3d 740, 741 (2005), the Court of Appeals declined to reach the issue of whether a defendant could raise an Apprendi argument for the first time on a motion to set aside his sentence pursuant to CPL § 440.20, in view of the Court's holding that New York's persistent felony offender statute is constitutional.

23
Cunningham v. Californiagreen
scotus · 2007 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2009–2017
2 sentences

2017For nearly two decades, the United States Supreme Court has applied the Apprendi rule in cases involving capital punishment (Hurst v Florida, 577 US —, 136 S Ct 616 [2016]; Ring v Arizona, 536 US 584 [2002]), broad judicial discretion to find aggravating factors (Cunningham v California, 549 US 270 [2007]; Blakely v Washington, 542 US 296 [2004]), the federal sentencing guidelines (United States v Booker, 543 US 220 [2005]), and mandatory minimum sentences (Al leyne, 570 US —, 133 S Ct 2151 ).

2017For nearly two decades, the United States Supreme Court has applied the Apprendi rule in cases involving capital punishment (Hurst v Florida, 577 US —, 136 S Ct 616 [2016]; Ring v Arizona, 536 US 584 [2002]), broad judicial discretion to find aggravating factors (Cunningham v California, 549 US 270 [2007]; Blakely v Washington, 542 US 296 [2004]), the federal sentencing guidelines (United States v Booker, 543 US 220 [2005]), and mandatory minimum sentences (Al leyne, 570 US —, 133 S Ct 2151 ).

23
People v. Bennettgreen
nyappdiv · 2004 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
22
People v. Kozlowskigreen
ny · 2008 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
22
People v. Kellygreen
ny · 2011 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024See also, People v. Kelly , 16 NY3d 803, 804 (2011) (defendant's Apprendi challenge to New York's persistent violent felony offender statute is unpreserved); People v. Finkelstein , 28 NY3d 345, 348 (2016) ("defendant never objected to his conviction or sentence on Apprendi grounds, rendering that issue unpreserved for our review."); People v. Scocozza , 221 AD3d 1027 (2d Dept. 2023) (defendant's challenge to the procedure used to adjudicate him as a persistent violent felony offender is unpreserved for appellate review since he failed to raise any objection at sentencing.); People v. Brown ,

2024See also, People v. Kelly , 16 NY3d 803, 804 (2011) (defendant's Apprendi challenge to New York's persistent violent felony offender statute is unpreserved); People v. Finkelstein , 28 NY3d 345, 348 (2016) ("defendant never objected to his conviction or sentence on Apprendi grounds, rendering that issue unpreserved for our review."); People v. Scocozza , 221 AD3d 1027 (2d Dept. 2023) (defendant's challenge to the procedure used to adjudicate him as a persistent violent felony offender is unpreserved for appellate review since he failed to raise any objection at sentencing.); People v. Brown ,

22
People v. Finkelsteingreen
ny · 2016 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
22
People v. Portogreen
ny · 2010 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024Yet again, in People v. Porto , 16 NY3d 93, 102 (2010), the Court of Appeals held that the defendant's " Apprendi challenge to New York's mandatory persistent violent felony offender statutes [is] meritless." Although the decision itself does not specify the exact nature of the Apprendi challenge, the defendant's appellate brief makes clear that he argued that judicial fact finding of "two sequential violent felony convictions", the "requirement that sentence for the prior conviction must have been imposed not more than ten years before the instant felony convictions (§ 70.04 ((1)(b)(iv)), and

2024Yet again, in People v. Porto , 16 NY3d 93, 102 (2010), the Court of Appeals held that the defendant's " Apprendi challenge to New York's mandatory persistent violent felony offender statutes [is] meritless." Although the decision itself does not specify the exact nature of the Apprendi challenge, the defendant's appellate brief makes clear that he argued that judicial fact finding of "two sequential violent felony convictions", the "requirement that sentence for the prior conviction must have been imposed not more than ten years before the instant felony convictions (§ 70.04 ((1)(b)(iv)), and

22
People v. Bleakleygreen
ny · 1987 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
22
Almendarez-Torres v. United Statesred
scotus · 1998 · cited in 5 New York opinions naming this issue, 2004–2026
2 sentences

2026"Virtually any fact that increases the prescribed range of penalties to which a criminal defendant is exposed must be resolved by a unanimous jury beyond a reasonable doubt (or freely admitted in a guilty plea)" ( id. at 834 [internal quotation marks and brackets omitted]). [*3] The Erlinger majority also discussed its decision in Almendarez-Torres ( 523 US at 224 ), in which it announced a narrow exception to the Apprendi rule.

2026"Virtually any fact that increases the prescribed range of penalties to which a criminal defendant is exposed must be resolved by a unanimous jury beyond a reasonable doubt (or freely admitted in a guilty plea)" ( id. at 834 [internal quotation marks and brackets omitted]). [*3] The Erlinger majority also discussed its decision in Almendarez-Torres ( 523 US at 224 ), in which it announced a narrow exception to the Apprendi rule.

15
The People v. Michael E. Prindlegreen
ny · 2017 · cited in 5 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2025
2 sentences

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

15
People v. Bellgreen
ny · 2010 · cited in 5 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2025
2 sentences

2025See, People v Leon, 10 NY3d 122, 126 (2008) (denying Apprendi challenge; finding that the "who, what, when and where" of a prior conviction were so basic as to be "implicit" and wholly within the ability of a sentencing judge); People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935, 936 (2010) (denying Almendarez-Torres challenge).

2025See, People v Leon, 10 NY3d 122, 126 (2008) (denying Apprendi challenge; finding that the "who, what, when and where" of a prior conviction were so basic as to be "implicit" and wholly within the ability of a sentencing judge); People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935, 936 (2010) (denying Almendarez-Torres challenge).

15
People v. Felicianogreen
nyappdiv · 2001 · cited in 4 New York opinions naming this issue, 2004–2024
2 sentences

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

14
Ring v. Arizonagreen
scotus · 2002 · cited in 4 New York opinions naming this issue, 2009–2017
2 sentences

2017For nearly two decades, the United States Supreme Court has applied the Apprendi rule in cases involving capital punishment (Hurst v Florida, 577 US —, 136 S Ct 616 [2016]; Ring v Arizona, 536 US 584 [2002]), broad judicial discretion to find aggravating factors (Cunningham v California, 549 US 270 [2007]; Blakely v Washington, 542 US 296 [2004]), the federal sentencing guidelines (United States v Booker, 543 US 220 [2005]), and mandatory minimum sentences (Al leyne, 570 US —, 133 S Ct 2151 ).

2017For nearly two decades, the United States Supreme Court has applied the Apprendi rule in cases involving capital punishment (Hurst v Florida, 577 US —, 136 S Ct 616 [2016]; Ring v Arizona, 536 US 584 [2002]), broad judicial discretion to find aggravating factors (Cunningham v California, 549 US 270 [2007]; Blakely v Washington, 542 US 296 [2004]), the federal sentencing guidelines (United States v Booker, 543 US 220 [2005]), and mandatory minimum sentences (Al leyne, 570 US —, 133 S Ct 2151 ).

14
Hurst v. Floridagreen
scotus · 2016 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
12
Southern Union Co. v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 2012 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2014–2017
12
People v. Battlesgreen
ny · 2010 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
12
The People v. Dwight Giles / The People v. Sean Hawkinsgreen
ny · 2014 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
12
People v. Alterigreen
nyappdiv · 2008 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
12
People v. Adamsgreen
nyappdiv · 2008 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
12
People v. Pequegreen
ny · 2013 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
Oregon v. Icegreen
scotus · 2009 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
People v. Flynngreen
ny · 1992 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Washington v. Recuencogreen
scotus · 2006 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
People v. . Walkergreen
ny · 1910 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
United States v. Ramon E. Santiago, AKA \Yoyo\""green
ca2 · 2001 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
United States v. William Anthony Johnson (04-5110/6161) and Christopher L. Stone (04-5146)green
ca6 · 2006 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
People v. Westgreen
nysupct · 2003 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
People v. Cherrygreen
nyappdiv · 2001 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
People v. Iannonegreen
ny · 1978 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
11
People v. Rodriguezgreen
ny · 1995 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (30)

CaseCitedYears
People v. Miles green
nysupct · 2004
2 sentences

2025The interpretation the Defendant wishes this Court to adopt has never been articulated by the New York Court of Appeals in its post- Apprendi analysis, nor has the U.S. Supreme Court ever addressed this specific factual circumstance to the contrary in its post- Apprendi caselaw (while, again, continuing to acknowledge the existence of the Almendarez-Torres exception in Erlinger ). [For an interesting analysis of this issue that this Court finds persuasive, see People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271, 283 , 783 NYS2d 748 (NY Sup Ct, 2004), affd 49 AD3d 446 , 853 NYS2d 548 (2008), lv denied 10 NY3d 867 ,

2025The interpretation the Defendant wishes this Court to adopt has never been articulated by the New York Court of Appeals in its post- Apprendi analysis, nor has the U.S. Supreme Court ever addressed this specific factual circumstance to the contrary in its post- Apprendi caselaw (while, again, continuing to acknowledge the existence of the Almendarez-Torres exception in Erlinger ). [For an interesting analysis of this issue that this Court finds persuasive, see People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271, 283 , 783 NYS2d 748 (NY Sup Ct, 2004), affd 49 AD3d 446 , 853 NYS2d 548 (2008), lv denied 10 NY3d 867 ,

62024–2025
In re Rasaad DeF. green
nyappdiv · 2008
2 sentences

2025The interpretation the Defendant wishes this Court to adopt has never been articulated by the New York Court of Appeals in its post- Apprendi analysis, nor has the U.S. Supreme Court ever addressed this specific factual circumstance to the contrary in its post- Apprendi caselaw (while, again, continuing to acknowledge the existence of the Almendarez-Torres exception in Erlinger ). [For an interesting analysis of this issue that this Court finds persuasive, see People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271, 283 , 783 NYS2d 748 (NY Sup Ct, 2004), affd 49 AD3d 446 , 853 NYS2d 548 (2008), lv denied 10 NY3d 867 ,

2025The interpretation the Defendant wishes this Court to adopt has never been articulated by the New York Court of Appeals in its post- Apprendi analysis, nor has the U.S. Supreme Court ever addressed this specific factual circumstance to the contrary in its post- Apprendi caselaw (while, again, continuing to acknowledge the existence of the Almendarez-Torres exception in Erlinger ). [For an interesting analysis of this issue that this Court finds persuasive, see People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271, 283 , 783 NYS2d 748 (NY Sup Ct, 2004), affd 49 AD3d 446 , 853 NYS2d 548 (2008), lv denied 10 NY3d 867 ,

62024–2025
People v. Quinones green
ny · 2009
2 sentences

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

52009–2024
People v. Sweeper green
ny · 2010
2 sentences

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

42024–2025
People v. Frazier green
ny · 2010
2 sentences

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

42024–2025
Harari v. Davis green
nyappdiv · 2009
2 sentences

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

32024–2024
Teague v. Lane green
scotus · 1989
2 sentences

2024Moreover, insofar as Erlinger expressly contemplated that its holding that juries must decide even recidivist sentencing questions should best be handled through bifurcated trials ( see 602 US at 847 [a "common and often fairest practice" (internal quotation marks and citations omitted)]; id. at 848 ["States that have not already done so can likewise adjust to any state-law implications of our straightforward application of Apprendi to (tolling requirements)" (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)]) — even though bifurcated trials have been and remain "rare in our jurisprudence; they

2024Moreover, insofar as Erlinger expressly contemplated that its holding that juries must decide even recidivist sentencing questions should best be handled through bifurcated trials ( see 602 US at 847 [a "common and often fairest practice" (internal quotation marks and citations omitted)]; id. at 848 ["States that have not already done so can likewise adjust to any state-law implications of our straightforward application of Apprendi to (tolling requirements)" (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)]) — even though bifurcated trials have been and remain "rare in our jurisprudence; they

32024–2024
In re the Estate of Chabrier green
nyappdiv · 2001
2 sentences

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

32024–2024
People v. Wilkonson green
nyappdiv · 2001
2 sentences

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

32024–2024
People v. Ray neutral
nyappdiv · 2001
2 sentences

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

2024People v Rosen , 96 NY2d 329 [2001]; People v Rivera , 5 NY3d 61 [2005]; People v Quinones , 12 NY3d 116 [2009]; People v Sweeper , 15 NY3d 925 [2010]; People v Bell , 15 NY3d 935 [2010]; People v Frazier , 16 NY3d 36 [2010]; People v Prindle , 29 NY3d 463 [2017]; People v Grivas , 281 AD2d 346 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Wilkonson , 281 AD2d 373 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Melendez , 282 AD2d 409 [1st Dept 2001]; [*5]People v Feliciano , 285 AD2d 371 [1st Dept 2001]; People v Mendoza , 59 AD3d 182 [1st Dept 2009]; People v Miles , 5 Misc 3d 271 [Sup Ct, NY County 2004], affd 49 AD3d 446 [1st Dept

32024–2024
People v. Scocozza neutral
nyappdiv · 2023
22024–2024
People v. Jennings neutral
nyappdiv · 2005
2 sentences

2024See also, People v. Kelly , 16 NY3d 803, 804 (2011) (defendant's Apprendi challenge to New York's persistent violent felony offender statute is unpreserved); People v. Finkelstein , 28 NY3d 345, 348 (2016) ("defendant never objected to his conviction or sentence on Apprendi grounds, rendering that issue unpreserved for our review."); People v. Scocozza , 221 AD3d 1027 (2d Dept. 2023) (defendant's challenge to the procedure used to adjudicate him as a persistent violent felony offender is unpreserved for appellate review since he failed to raise any objection at sentencing.); People v. Brown ,

2024See also, People v. Kelly , 16 NY3d 803, 804 (2011) (defendant's Apprendi challenge to New York's persistent violent felony offender statute is unpreserved); People v. Finkelstein , 28 NY3d 345, 348 (2016) ("defendant never objected to his conviction or sentence on Apprendi grounds, rendering that issue unpreserved for our review."); People v. Scocozza , 221 AD3d 1027 (2d Dept. 2023) (defendant's challenge to the procedure used to adjudicate him as a persistent violent felony offender is unpreserved for appellate review since he failed to raise any objection at sentencing.); People v. Brown ,

22024–2024
Alleyne v. United States green
· 2013
22017–2017
People v. Battles green
nyappdiv · 2009
12010–2010
People v. Black red
cal · 2005
12010–2010
People v. Daniels green
ny · 2005
12009–2009
People v. Rawlins green
ny · 2008
12009–2009
Sandstrom v. Montana green
scotus · 1979
12008–2008
United States v. Tony Lee Thompson green
ca4 · 2005
12008–2008
Mullaney v. Wilbur green
scotus · 1975
12008–2008
Jones v. United States green
scotus · 1999
12005–2005
cluster 790405 green
ca2 · 2005
12005–2005
Rosso v. Beer Garden, Inc. green
nyappdiv · 2004
12005–2005
United States v. Matthews green
ca5 · 2002
12003–2003
Hurtado v. California green
· 1884
12003–2003
Albright v. Oliver green
scotus · 1994
12003–2003
Harris v. United States red
scotus · 2002
12003–2003
United States v. Jack Bearden green
ca6 · 2001
12002–2002
United States v. Robert U. Syme green
ca3 · 2002
12002–2002
United States v. Arthur Schuyler Ross green
ca8 · 2002
12002–2002

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 70.10 (12) NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 70.04 (9) NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 70.08 (8) NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 70.06 (7) USC § 18u.s.c.924 (6) NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 70.00 (5) USC § 8u.s.c.1326 (4) NY § N.Y. Criminal Procedure Law § 400.20 (3) NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 130.00 (3) NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 130.35 (3) NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 70.70 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

IL 262 (2000–2025) CA 121 (2001–2026) KS 92 (2001–2026) FL 78 (2001–2026) PA 58 (2001–2026) AZ 46 (2001–2026) WA 43 (2001–2025) OH 42 (2003–2025) TN 34 (2003–2026) IN 31 (2004–2016) NY 31 (2002–2026) OR 23 (2002–2021) TX 22 (2005–2020) HI 19 (2002–2018) CO 17 (2002–2026) NJ 16 (2004–2026) NM 15 (2001–2018) LA 15 (2002–2025) MI 15 (2007–2023) AL 11 (2002–2015) CT 10 (2001–2021) MN 10 (2003–2019) MD 6 (2001–2020) NC 5 (2005–2006) MS 4 (2010–2017) MT 4 (2006–2017) AK 4 (2005–2024) ME 4 (2001–2007) DC 4 (2012–2014) MA 3 (2003–2014) VT 3 (2005–2007) NE 3 (2003–2018) GU 2 (2021–2022) NH 2 (2003–2010) WY 2 (2004–2010) VA 2 (2006–2024) GA 2 (2002–2013) ND 2 (2001–2001) SD 2 (2015–2015)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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