loss of consortium claim (Michigan) · Go Syfert
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loss of consortium claim in Michigan

29 Michigan opinions name it 2 courts 1978–2026 7 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Michigan courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (7)

CaseFollowedCited
Montgomery v. Stephangreen
mich · 1960 · cited in 3 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1980–1982
2 sentences

1982First, Bauman involved a loss of consortium claim which had not been recognized by the courts in Michigan prior to Montgomery v Stephan, 359 Mich 33 ; 101 NW2d 227 (1960), while the present case involves a claim which resulted because a statute was found to be unconstitutional.

1982First, Bauman involved a loss of consortium claim which had not been recognized by the courts in Michigan prior to Montgomery v Stephan, 359 Mich 33 ; 101 NW2d 227 (1960), while the present case involves a claim which resulted because a statute was found to be unconstitutional.

23
Wilson v. Wilsongreen
michctapp · 1989 · cited in 2 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2005–2023
2 sentences

2023Wilson v Wilson, 179 Mich App 519, 521, 524 ; 446 NW2d 496 (1989).

2023Wilson v Wilson, 179 Mich App 519, 521, 524 ; 446 NW2d 496 (1989).

22
Pickering v. Pickeringgreen
michctapp · 2005 · cited in 3 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2020–2024
2 sentences

2022However, “a personal injury settlement may be treated as marital property where the original action included a loss of consortium claim and the settlement check was made payable to both parties and treated by the parties as marital property.” Id. at 11 .

2020Furthermore, “a personal injury settlement may be treated as marital property where the original action included a loss of consortium claim and the settlement check was made payable to both parties and treated by the parties as marital property.” Id. at 11 .

13
Wesche v. Mecosta County Road Commissiongreen
michctapp · 2005 · cited in 2 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2007–2025
2 sentences

2025See Wesche v Mecosta Co Rd Comm, 267 Mich App 274, 279 ; 705 NW2d 136 (2005) (noting that a loss-of-consortium claim is derivative), aff’d 480 Mich 75 (2008).

2025See Wesche v Mecosta Co Rd Comm, 267 Mich App 274, 279 ; 705 NW2d 136 (2005) (noting that a loss-of-consortium claim is derivative), aff’d 480 Mich 75 (2008).

12
Moss v. Pacquinggreen
michctapp · 1990 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
2 sentences

2026Eide v Kelsey-Hayes Co, 431 Mich 26, 29 ; 427 NW2d 488 (1988) (explaining that a loss of consortium claim is derivative because “it does not arise at all unless the other, impaired spouse has sustained some legally cognizable harm or injury”); Moss v Pacquing, 183 Mich App 574, 583 ; 455 NW2d 339 (1990) (“ [A spouse’s] recovery for loss of consortium stands or falls upon [the other spouse’s] -8- recovery of damages.”).

2026Eide v Kelsey-Hayes Co, 431 Mich 26, 29 ; 427 NW2d 488 (1988) (explaining that a loss of consortium claim is derivative because “it does not arise at all unless the other, impaired spouse has sustained some legally cognizable harm or injury”); Moss v Pacquing, 183 Mich App 574, 583 ; 455 NW2d 339 (1990) (“ [A spouse’s] recovery for loss of consortium stands or falls upon [the other spouse’s] -8- recovery of damages.”).

11
Moran v. Nafi Corporationgreen
mich · 1963 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
1 sentence

2002We hold the legislative intent expressed in the act precludes the judicial construction contended for by plaintiff and adopted by the learned trial judge [which would have allowed the loss of consortium claim to go forward]. [Id. at 543, 122 N.W.2d 800 .] [9] *334 In Balcer , which was considered and released with Moran , Justice Smith concluded to similar effect that the exclusive remedy provision barred a claim by a third party against the employer on the basis of an injury to an employee.

11
Chiesa v. Rowegreen
miwd · 1980 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1986–1986
2 sentences

1986However, in Chisea v Rowe, 486 F Supp 236 (WD Mich, 1980), the court, applying Michigan substantive law, dismissed a wife's loss of consortium claim when her husband's injury occurred while they were engaged.

1986However, in Chisea v Rowe, 486 F Supp 236 (WD Mich, 1980), the court, applying Michigan substantive law, dismissed a wife’s loss of consortium claim when her husband’s injury occurred while they were engaged.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Michigan. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (21)

CaseCitedYears
Eide v. Kelsey-Hayes Co. green
mich · 1988
2 sentences

2026Eide v Kelsey-Hayes Co, 431 Mich 26, 29 ; 427 NW2d 488 (1988) (explaining that a loss of consortium claim is derivative because “it does not arise at all unless the other, impaired spouse has sustained some legally cognizable harm or injury”); Moss v Pacquing, 183 Mich App 574, 583 ; 455 NW2d 339 (1990) (“ [A spouse’s] recovery for loss of consortium stands or falls upon [the other spouse’s] -8- recovery of damages.”).

2026Eide v Kelsey-Hayes Co, 431 Mich 26, 29 ; 427 NW2d 488 (1988) (explaining that a loss of consortium claim is derivative because “it does not arise at all unless the other, impaired spouse has sustained some legally cognizable harm or injury”); Moss v Pacquing, 183 Mich App 574, 583 ; 455 NW2d 339 (1990) (“ [A spouse’s] recovery for loss of consortium stands or falls upon [the other spouse’s] -8- recovery of damages.”).

51999–2026
Wesche v. Mecosta County Road Commission green
mich · 2008
2 sentences

2025See Wesche v Mecosta Co Rd Comm, 267 Mich App 274, 279 ; 705 NW2d 136 (2005) (noting that a loss-of-consortium claim is derivative), aff’d 480 Mich 75 (2008).

2013Id. at 85 .

22013–2025
Washington v. Jones green
mich · 1971
2 sentences

1989Washington v Jones, 386 Mich 466, 472 ; 192 NW2d 234 (1971).

1989Washington v Jones, 386 Mich 466, 472 ; 192 NW2d 234 (1971).

21978–1989
Ledsinger v. Burmeister green
michctapp · 1982
2 sentences

1986In Ledsinger v Burmeister, 114 Mich App 12, 26 ; 318 NW2d 558 (1982), the Court held that, since the plaintiffs had stated a valid cause of action under the Civil Rights Act, the spouse had a viable derivative cause of action for a loss of consortium claim under the act.

1986In Ledsinger v Burmeister, 114 Mich App 12, 26 ; 318 NW2d 558 (1982), the Court held that, since the plaintiffs had stated a valid cause of action under the Civil Rights Act, the spouse had a viable derivative cause of action for a loss of consortium claim under the act.

21982–1986
Espinoza v. Thomas green
michctapp · 1991
2 sentences

2026“A battery is the wilful and harmful or offensive touching of another person which results from an act intended to cause such a contact.” Espinoza v Thomas, 189 Mich App 110, 119 ; 472 NW2d 16 (1991).

2026“A battery is the wilful and harmful or offensive touching of another person which results from an act intended to cause such a contact.” Espinoza v Thomas, 189 Mich App 110, 119 ; 472 NW2d 16 (1991).

12026–2026
McCORMICK v. CARRIER green
mich · 2010
2 sentences

2022“A person remains subject to tort liability for noneconomic loss caused by his or her ownership, maintenance, or use of a motor vehicle only if the injured person has suffered death, serious impairment of body function, or permanent serious disfigurement.” MCL 500.3135(1).3 Whether a serious impairment of a body function has occurred is a question of law for the trial court if 2 Plaintiff also raised a loss of consortium claim and an excess wage loss claim, which are not at issue in this appeal. 3 At the time of the trial court proceedings, former MCL 500.3135, 2012 PA 158 , effective October

2022“A person remains subject to tort liability for noneconomic loss caused by his or her ownership, maintenance, or use of a motor vehicle only if the injured person has suffered death, serious impairment of body function, or permanent serious disfigurement.” MCL 500.3135(1).3 Whether a serious impairment of a body function has occurred is a question of law for the trial court if 2 Plaintiff also raised a loss of consortium claim and an excess wage loss claim, which are not at issue in this appeal. 3 At the time of the trial court proceedings, former MCL 500.3135, 2012 PA 158 , effective October

12022–2022
Latham v. Barton Malow Co. green
mich · 2008
2 sentences

2016Under MCR 2.116(C)(10), “[s]ummary disposition is appropriate if there is no genuine issue regarding any material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Latham v Barton Malow Co, 480 Mich 105, 111 ; 746 NW2d 868 (2008).

2016Under MCR 2.116(C)(10), “[s]ummary disposition is appropriate if there is no genuine issue regarding any material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Latham v Barton Malow Co, 480 Mich 105, 111 ; 746 NW2d 868 (2008).

12016–2016
Calhoun County v. Blue Cross Blue Shield green
michctapp · 2012
2 sentences

2016When reviewing a motion for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(10), we may only consider, in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion, the evidence that was before the trial court, which 2 Plaintiff Ruth only alleged a loss of consortium claim, which was derivative to Roger Wildbahn’s claims. -2- consists of “the ‘affidavits, together with the pleadings, depositions, admissions, and documentary evidence then filed in the action or submitted by the parties.’ ” Calhoun Co v Blue Cross Blue Shield Michigan, 297 Mich App 1, 11 ; 824 NW2d 202 (2012), quoting MCR 2.116(G)(

2016When reviewing a motion for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(10), we may only consider, in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion, the evidence that was before the trial court, which 2 Plaintiff Ruth only alleged a loss of consortium claim, which was derivative to Roger Wildbahn’s claims. -2- consists of “the ‘affidavits, together with the pleadings, depositions, admissions, and documentary evidence then filed in the action or submitted by the parties.’ ” Calhoun Co v Blue Cross Blue Shield Michigan, 297 Mich App 1, 11 ; 824 NW2d 202 (2012), quoting MCR 2.116(G)(

12016–2016
Kik v. Sbraccia neutral
michctapp · 2007
2 sentences

2008MCR 7.215(J)(1). [8] Kik v. Sbraccia, 272 Mich.App. 388 , 726 N.W.2d 450 (2006) ( Kik it ). [9] 478 Mich. 861 , 731 N.W.2d 406 (2007). [10] The six statutory exceptions are: the highway exception, MCL 691.1402; the motor-vehicle exception, MCL 691.1405; the public-building exception, MCL 691.1406; the proprietary-function exception, MCL 691.1413; the governmental-hospital exception, MCL 691.1407(4); and the sewage-disposal-system-event exception, MCL 691.1417(2) and (3). [11] Justice Kelly asserts that our application of the statutory text will lead to absurd results, but we respectfully disag

2008MCR 7.215(J)(1). [8] Kik v. Sbraccia, 272 Mich.App. 388 , 726 N.W.2d 450 (2006) ( Kik it ). [9] 478 Mich. 861 , 731 N.W.2d 406 (2007). [10] The six statutory exceptions are: the highway exception, MCL 691.1402; the motor-vehicle exception, MCL 691.1405; the public-building exception, MCL 691.1406; the proprietary-function exception, MCL 691.1413; the governmental-hospital exception, MCL 691.1407(4); and the sewage-disposal-system-event exception, MCL 691.1417(2) and (3). [11] Justice Kelly asserts that our application of the statutory text will lead to absurd results, but we respectfully disag

12008–2008
Kik v. Sbraccia neutral
mich · 2007
2 sentences

2008MCR 7.215(J)(1). [8] Kik v. Sbraccia, 272 Mich.App. 388 , 726 N.W.2d 450 (2006) ( Kik it ). [9] 478 Mich. 861 , 731 N.W.2d 406 (2007). [10] The six statutory exceptions are: the highway exception, MCL 691.1402; the motor-vehicle exception, MCL 691.1405; the public-building exception, MCL 691.1406; the proprietary-function exception, MCL 691.1413; the governmental-hospital exception, MCL 691.1407(4); and the sewage-disposal-system-event exception, MCL 691.1417(2) and (3). [11] Justice Kelly asserts that our application of the statutory text will lead to absurd results, but we respectfully disag

2008MCR 7.215(J)(1). [8] Kik v. Sbraccia, 272 Mich.App. 388 , 726 N.W.2d 450 (2006) ( Kik it ). [9] 478 Mich. 861 , 731 N.W.2d 406 (2007). [10] The six statutory exceptions are: the highway exception, MCL 691.1402; the motor-vehicle exception, MCL 691.1405; the public-building exception, MCL 691.1406; the proprietary-function exception, MCL 691.1413; the governmental-hospital exception, MCL 691.1407(4); and the sewage-disposal-system-event exception, MCL 691.1417(2) and (3). [11] Justice Kelly asserts that our application of the statutory text will lead to absurd results, but we respectfully disag

12008–2008
Balcer v. Leonard Refineries, Inc. green
mich · 1963
1 sentence

2002Id. at 532-533, 122 N.W.2d 805 (Smith, J.).

12002–2002
Nawrocki v. MacOmb County Road Commission green
mich · 2000
1 sentence

2001MCL 691.1407; Nawrocki, supra at 157 , 615 N.W.2d 702 . [6] Plaintiff's accident occurred on January 29, 1996.

12001–2001
Jarvis v. Providence Hospital green
michctapp · 1989
2 sentences

1999While it is true that Michigan common law recognizes a claim of negligence on behalf of a fetus for prenatal injury if (1) the fetus is later bom alive, or (2) the fetus was viable at the time of injury, Jarvis v Providence Hosp, 178 Mich App 586, 591 ; 444 NW2d 236 (1989), the cause of action presented in this case is not a negligence claim.

1999While it is true that Michigan common law recognizes a claim of negligence on behalf of a fetus for prenatal injury if (1) the fetus is later bom alive, or (2) the fetus was viable at the time of injury, Jarvis v Providence Hosp, 178 Mich App 586, 591 ; 444 NW2d 236 (1989), the cause of action presented in this case is not a negligence claim.

11999–1999
Pekin Insurance Co. v. Hugh green
iowa · 1993
1 sentence

1998In Pekin, supra at 511-512 , the Iowa Supreme Court specifically distinguished a bystander claim of negligent infliction of emotional distress from a claim of loss of consortium and held that the bystander claim was subject to a “per occurrence,” rather than “per person,” limitation of coverage, stating: Unlike the loss of consortium claim, an injury the bystander suffers is not one that results from an injury to another person.

11998–1998
Beauchamp v. Dow Chemical Co. yellow
mich · 1986
2 sentences

1990Uckele was later joined as a third-party defendant under the theory that it was aware of the danger posed by the missing grate and knew with substantial certainty that injury would occur, thereby subjecting it to intentional tort liability pursuant to Beauchamp v Dow Chemical Co, 427 Mich 1 ; 398 NW2d 882 (1986).

1990Uckele was later joined as a third-party defendant under the theory that it was aware of the danger posed by the missing grate and knew with substantial certainty that injury would occur, thereby subjecting it to intentional tort liability pursuant to Beauchamp v Dow Chemical Co, 427 Mich 1 ; 398 NW2d 882 (1986).

11990–1990
Oldani v. Lieberman green
michctapp · 1985
2 sentences

1986While it is clear that Michigan law permits a loss of consortium claim in a negligence action, Oldani v Lieberman, 144 Mich App 642, 645 ; 375 NW2d 778 (1985), defendant argues that such a claim is not cognizable under the Civil Rights Act.

1986While it is clear that Michigan law permits a loss of consortium claim in a negligence action, Oldani v Lieberman, 144 Mich App 642, 645 ; 375 NW2d 778 (1985), defendant argues that such a claim is not cognizable under the Civil Rights Act.

11986–1986
Lipsitz v. Schechter green
mich · 1966
2 sentences

1983Affirmed. 1 Also included as a plaintiff was Du Renda Williams, the wife of John Williams, whose cause of action was based on a loss of consortium claim. 2 Joined as defendants in this action were Lee Davidson, the assailant, Promotions, Inc., Star Security Service, Inc., and Michigan Hot Rod Association. 3 124 Mich App 590, 593 ; 335 NW2d 94 (1983). 4 Lipsitz v Schechter, 377 Mich 685, 687 ; 142 NW2d 1 (1966); Prosser, Torts (4th ed), § 63, pp 399-400. 5 Butler v Watson, 193 Mich 322, 328 ; 159 NW 507 (1916); 2 Restatement Torts, 2d, § 360, pp 250-253. 6 Siegel v Detroit City Ice & Fuel Co, 3

1983Affirmed. 1 Also included as a plaintiff was Du Renda Williams, the wife of John Williams, whose cause of action was based on a loss of consortium claim. 2 Joined as defendants in this action were Lee Davidson, the assailant, Promotions, Inc., Star Security Service, Inc., and Michigan Hot Rod Association. 3 124 Mich App 590, 593 ; 335 NW2d 94 (1983). 4 Lipsitz v Schechter, 377 Mich 685, 687 ; 142 NW2d 1 (1966); Prosser, Torts (4th ed), § 63, pp 399-400. 5 Butler v Watson, 193 Mich 322, 328 ; 159 NW 507 (1916); 2 Restatement Torts, 2d, § 360, pp 250-253. 6 Siegel v Detroit City Ice & Fuel Co, 3

11983–1983
Johnston v. Harris green
mich · 1972
2 sentences

1983Affirmed. 1 Also included as a plaintiff was Du Renda Williams, the wife of John Williams, whose cause of action was based on a loss of consortium claim. 2 Joined as defendants in this action were Lee Davidson, the assailant, Promotions, Inc., Star Security Service, Inc., and Michigan Hot Rod Association. 3 124 Mich App 590, 593 ; 335 NW2d 94 (1983). 4 Lipsitz v Schechter, 377 Mich 685, 687 ; 142 NW2d 1 (1966); Prosser, Torts (4th ed), § 63, pp 399-400. 5 Butler v Watson, 193 Mich 322, 328 ; 159 NW 507 (1916); 2 Restatement Torts, 2d, § 360, pp 250-253. 6 Siegel v Detroit City Ice & Fuel Co, 3

1983Affirmed. 1 Also included as a plaintiff was Du Renda Williams, the wife of John Williams, whose cause of action was based on a loss of consortium claim. 2 Joined as defendants in this action were Lee Davidson, the assailant, Promotions, Inc., Star Security Service, Inc., and Michigan Hot Rod Association. 3 124 Mich App 590, 593 ; 335 NW2d 94 (1983). 4 Lipsitz v Schechter, 377 Mich 685, 687 ; 142 NW2d 1 (1966); Prosser, Torts (4th ed), § 63, pp 399-400. 5 Butler v Watson, 193 Mich 322, 328 ; 159 NW 507 (1916); 2 Restatement Torts, 2d, § 360, pp 250-253. 6 Siegel v Detroit City Ice & Fuel Co, 3

11983–1983
Keiswetter v. City of Petoskey green
michctapp · 1983
2 sentences

1983Affirmed. 1 Also included as a plaintiff was Du Renda Williams, the wife of John Williams, whose cause of action was based on a loss of consortium claim. 2 Joined as defendants in this action were Lee Davidson, the assailant, Promotions, Inc., Star Security Service, Inc., and Michigan Hot Rod Association. 3 124 Mich App 590, 593 ; 335 NW2d 94 (1983). 4 Lipsitz v Schechter, 377 Mich 685, 687 ; 142 NW2d 1 (1966); Prosser, Torts (4th ed), § 63, pp 399-400. 5 Butler v Watson, 193 Mich 322, 328 ; 159 NW 507 (1916); 2 Restatement Torts, 2d, § 360, pp 250-253. 6 Siegel v Detroit City Ice & Fuel Co, 3

1983Affirmed. 1 Also included as a plaintiff was Du Renda Williams, the wife of John Williams, whose cause of action was based on a loss of consortium claim. 2 Joined as defendants in this action were Lee Davidson, the assailant, Promotions, Inc., Star Security Service, Inc., and Michigan Hot Rod Association. 3 124 Mich App 590, 593 ; 335 NW2d 94 (1983). 4 Lipsitz v Schechter, 377 Mich 685, 687 ; 142 NW2d 1 (1966); Prosser, Torts (4th ed), § 63, pp 399-400. 5 Butler v Watson, 193 Mich 322, 328 ; 159 NW 507 (1916); 2 Restatement Torts, 2d, § 360, pp 250-253. 6 Siegel v Detroit City Ice & Fuel Co, 3

11983–1983
Siegel v. Detroit City Ice & Fuel Co. green
mich · 1949
2 sentences

1983Affirmed. 1 Also included as a plaintiff was Du Renda Williams, the wife of John Williams, whose cause of action was based on a loss of consortium claim. 2 Joined as defendants in this action were Lee Davidson, the assailant, Promotions, Inc., Star Security Service, Inc., and Michigan Hot Rod Association. 3 124 Mich App 590, 593 ; 335 NW2d 94 (1983). 4 Lipsitz v Schechter, 377 Mich 685, 687 ; 142 NW2d 1 (1966); Prosser, Torts (4th ed), § 63, pp 399-400. 5 Butler v Watson, 193 Mich 322, 328 ; 159 NW 507 (1916); 2 Restatement Torts, 2d, § 360, pp 250-253. 6 Siegel v Detroit City Ice & Fuel Co, 3

1983Affirmed. 1 Also included as a plaintiff was Du Renda Williams, the wife of John Williams, whose cause of action was based on a loss of consortium claim. 2 Joined as defendants in this action were Lee Davidson, the assailant, Promotions, Inc., Star Security Service, Inc., and Michigan Hot Rod Association. 3 124 Mich App 590, 593 ; 335 NW2d 94 (1983). 4 Lipsitz v Schechter, 377 Mich 685, 687 ; 142 NW2d 1 (1966); Prosser, Torts (4th ed), § 63, pp 399-400. 5 Butler v Watson, 193 Mich 322, 328 ; 159 NW 507 (1916); 2 Restatement Torts, 2d, § 360, pp 250-253. 6 Siegel v Detroit City Ice & Fuel Co, 3

11983–1983
Butler v. Watson green
mich · 1916
2 sentences

1983Affirmed. 1 Also included as a plaintiff was Du Renda Williams, the wife of John Williams, whose cause of action was based on a loss of consortium claim. 2 Joined as defendants in this action were Lee Davidson, the assailant, Promotions, Inc., Star Security Service, Inc., and Michigan Hot Rod Association. 3 124 Mich App 590, 593 ; 335 NW2d 94 (1983). 4 Lipsitz v Schechter, 377 Mich 685, 687 ; 142 NW2d 1 (1966); Prosser, Torts (4th ed), § 63, pp 399-400. 5 Butler v Watson, 193 Mich 322, 328 ; 159 NW 507 (1916); 2 Restatement Torts, 2d, § 360, pp 250-253. 6 Siegel v Detroit City Ice & Fuel Co, 3

1983Affirmed. 1 Also included as a plaintiff was Du Renda Williams, the wife of John Williams, whose cause of action was based on a loss of consortium claim. 2 Joined as defendants in this action were Lee Davidson, the assailant, Promotions, Inc., Star Security Service, Inc., and Michigan Hot Rod Association. 3 124 Mich App 590, 593 ; 335 NW2d 94 (1983). 4 Lipsitz v Schechter, 377 Mich 685, 687 ; 142 NW2d 1 (1966); Prosser, Torts (4th ed), § 63, pp 399-400. 5 Butler v Watson, 193 Mich 322, 328 ; 159 NW 507 (1916); 2 Restatement Torts, 2d, § 360, pp 250-253. 6 Siegel v Detroit City Ice & Fuel Co, 3

11983–1983

Statutes the citing opinions construe

MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.3135 (8) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 691.1405 (6) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 691.1401 (5) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 691.1407 (5) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 600.2922 (4) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 691.1402 (4) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 691.1406 (4) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 691.1413 (4) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 418.131 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 552.23 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 600.2921 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 691.1417 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CT 71 (1979–2025) LA 69 (1988–2023) OH 68 (1983–2025) CA 52 (1988–2026) IL 51 (1983–2025) PA 49 (1986–2026) GA 45 (1983–2025) TX 36 (1991–2022) MA 30 (1980–2026) MI 29 (1978–2026) FL 29 (1988–2024) IN 26 (1982–2020) MO 23 (1974–2024) MS 21 (1990–2024) WA 21 (1987–2021) IA 21 (1981–2024) NM 21 (1996–2025) ME 19 (1978–2020) NY 19 (1983–2024) TN 15 (1997–2026) MD 14 (1984–2014) NJ 14 (1982–2019) RI 12 (1992–2026) CO 12 (1986–2011) AL 12 (1986–2015) MN 12 (1981–2026) AZ 12 (1985–2026) SC 10 (1986–2025) KY 10 (1980–2026) VT 9 (1987–2026) SD 8 (1994–2007) NC 7 (1999–2022) HI 7 (1983–2024) DE 7 (1988–2025) DC 6 (1997–2010) MT 5 (1987–2014) AK 5 (1975–2020) WV 5 (1993–2013) WI 5 (1986–2020) ID 4 (1985–2025) OR 4 (1993–2021) UT 3 (2002–2018) NH 2 (1985–1987) WY 2 (2002–2008) AR 2 (2003–2003) NV 2 (1996–2023) NE 2 (2006–2013) ND 2 (1992–2015)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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