Mitchell standard (Texas) · Go Syfert
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Mitchell standard in Texas

22 Texas opinions name it 2 courts 1914–2025 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (26)

CaseFollowedCited
Archie v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2007 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009See Archie, 221 S.W.3d at 700 .

2009See Archie , 221 S.W.3d at 700 .

22
Matter of TRSgreen
texapp · 1996 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
2 sentences

2000See T.R.S., 931 S.W.2d at 758 ; Holland, 901 S.W.2d at 765 .

2000See T.R.S., 931 S.W.2d at 758 ; Holland, 901 S.W.2d at 765 .

22
Harris County v. Sykesgreen
tex · 2004 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025CONCLUSION We affirm the trial court’s order granting Mitchell’s plea to the jurisdiction. /s/ Scott A. Brister Scott A. Brister Chief Justice Before Chief Justice Brister and Justices Field and Farris. 36 Tex. Dep’t of Transp. v. Self, 690 S.W.3d 12 , 20–21 (Tex. 2024). 37 See id. at 21 (quoting Dallas Metrocare Servs. v. Juarez, 420 S.W.3d 39, 41 (Tex. 2013)). 38 See, e.g., Herrera, 702 S.W.3d at 541; Harris Cnty. v. Sykes, 136 S.W.3d 635, 639 (Tex. 2004) (“In general, a dismissal with prejudice is improper when the plaintiff is capable of remedying the jurisdictional defect.”). 8

11
Dallas Metrocare Services v. Adolfo Juarezgreen
tex · 2013 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025CONCLUSION We affirm the trial court’s order granting Mitchell’s plea to the jurisdiction. /s/ Scott A. Brister Scott A. Brister Chief Justice Before Chief Justice Brister and Justices Field and Farris. 36 Tex. Dep’t of Transp. v. Self, 690 S.W.3d 12 , 20–21 (Tex. 2024). 37 See id. at 21 (quoting Dallas Metrocare Servs. v. Juarez, 420 S.W.3d 39, 41 (Tex. 2013)). 38 See, e.g., Herrera, 702 S.W.3d at 541; Harris Cnty. v. Sykes, 136 S.W.3d 635, 639 (Tex. 2004) (“In general, a dismissal with prejudice is improper when the plaintiff is capable of remedying the jurisdictional defect.”). 8

11
Merritt, Ryan Rashadgreen
texcrimapp · 2012 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024See Merritt, 368 S.W.3d at 525 (“It is the State’s burden to prove each element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt, not to exclude every conceivable alternative to a defendant’s guilt.”).

11
In Re Southwestern Bell Telephone Co.green
tex · 2000 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022Co., 35 S.W.3d 602, 605 (Tex. 2000) (orig. proceeding) (per curiam). 6 CONCLUSION Having determined that the trial court abused its discretion by granting a motion for new trial after its plenary power had expired and CommunityBank need not show that it does not have an adequate remedy by appeal, we conditionally grant CommunityBank’s petition for writ of mandamus and direct the trial court to vacate its March 22, 2022 order granting Mitchell’s motion for new trial.

11
KPMG Peat Marwick v. Harrison County Housing Finance Corp.green
tex · 1999 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022However, as we discuss more fully below, Mitchell’s analysis is inapplicable to the facts of this case as a result of evidentiary deficiencies at the summary judgment stage. 5 conclusively prove when the cause of action accrued, and (2) negate the discovery rule, if it applies and has been pled or otherwise raised[.]” Holland, 338 S.W.3d at 593 (citing KPMG Peat Marwick v. Harrison County Housing Finance Corp., 988 S.W.2d 746, 748 (Tex. 1999)).

2022However, as we discuss more fully below, Mitchell’s analysis is inapplicable to the facts of this case as a result of evidentiary deficiencies at the summary judgment stage. 5 conclusively prove when the cause of action accrued, and (2) negate the discovery rule, if it applies and has been pled or otherwise raised[.]” Holland, 338 S.W.3d at 593 (citing KPMG Peat Marwick v. Harrison County Housing Finance Corp., 988 S.W.2d 746, 748 (Tex. 1999)).

11
Wilson v. Stategreen
texapp · 2001 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020“When we identify issues that counsel on appeal should have addressed but did not, we need not be able to say with certainty that those issues have merit; we need only say that the issues warrant further development by counsel on appeal.” Wilson v. State, 40 S.W.3d 192, 200 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2001, order).

11
Certified Ems, Inc. D/B/A Cpns Staffing v. Cherie Pottsgreen
tex · 2013 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019See Certified EMS, Inc. v. Potts, 392 S.W.3d 625 , 630–32 (Tex. 2013).

11
Yuhl v. Stategreen
texapp · 1990 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018See Yuhl v. State, 784 S.W.2d 714, 717 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1990, pet. ref’d).

11
RTLC AG PRODUCTS, INC. v. Treatment Equipment Co.green
texapp · 2006 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010See RTLC AG Prods., Inc., 195 S.W.3d at 829 .

11
Arkoma Basin Exploration Co. v. FMF Associates 1990-A, Ltd.green
tex · 2008 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010Cf. Arkoma Basin Exploration Co., Inc., 249 S.W.3d at 389 (concluding expert’s testimony regarding his calculations was not unreliable).

11
Trusty v. Strayhorngreen
texapp · 2002 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010See Trusty, 87 S.W.3d at 761 ; Mitchell v. Baylor Univ.

11
Oldham v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1998 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010We have been able to identify four discrete arguments and so we address those arguments. [11] Mitchell also denied resisting arrest. [12] We further note that Mrs. Mitchell admitted to “yelling and cussing”, thus negating any dispute as to its occurrence. [13] See Oldham v. State , 977 S.W.2d 354, 363 (Tex. Crim.

11
City of Tyler v. Likesgreen
tex · 1998 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
1 sentence

2009See Likes, 962 S.W.2d at 494 ; see also Tex. Civ.

11
Ovalle v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2000 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
1 sentence

2006"Ordinarily, a prompt instruction to disregard will cure error associated with an improper question and answer, even one regarding extraneous offenses." Ovalle v. State , 13 S.W.3d 774, 783 (Tex. Crim.

11
Hall v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1952 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006The Mitchell standard reads much like the constitutionally mandated Jackson standard of review. [57] Smith v. State, 85 Tex.Crim. 355, 357 , 212 S.W. 660, 661 (1919) (evidence was sufficient to support burglary conviction). [58] Jolly v. State, 87 Tex.Crim. 288, 293 , 221 S.W. 279, 282 (1920). [59] Franklin v. State, 147 Tex.Crim. 636, 638 , 183 S.W.2d 573, 574 (1944) (citations omitted). [60] Everitt v. State, 156 Tex.Crim. 332, 335 , 242 S.W.2d 398, 399 (Tex.Crim.App.1951) (op. on reh'g). [61] Hall v. State, 158 Tex.Crim. 243, 246 , 254 S.W.2d 523, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1953) (op. on reh'g). [62

2006The Mitchell standard reads much like the constitutionally mandated Jackson standard of review. [57] Smith v. State, 85 Tex.Crim. 355, 357 , 212 S.W. 660, 661 (1919) (evidence was sufficient to support burglary conviction). [58] Jolly v. State, 87 Tex.Crim. 288, 293 , 221 S.W. 279, 282 (1920). [59] Franklin v. State, 147 Tex.Crim. 636, 638 , 183 S.W.2d 573, 574 (1944) (citations omitted). [60] Everitt v. State, 156 Tex.Crim. 332, 335 , 242 S.W.2d 398, 399 (Tex.Crim.App.1951) (op. on reh'g). [61] Hall v. State, 158 Tex.Crim. 243, 246 , 254 S.W.2d 523, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1953) (op. on reh'g). [62

11
Parker v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1968 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006The Mitchell standard reads much like the constitutionally mandated Jackson standard of review. [57] Smith v. State, 85 Tex.Crim. 355, 357 , 212 S.W. 660, 661 (1919) (evidence was sufficient to support burglary conviction). [58] Jolly v. State, 87 Tex.Crim. 288, 293 , 221 S.W. 279, 282 (1920). [59] Franklin v. State, 147 Tex.Crim. 636, 638 , 183 S.W.2d 573, 574 (1944) (citations omitted). [60] Everitt v. State, 156 Tex.Crim. 332, 335 , 242 S.W.2d 398, 399 (Tex.Crim.App.1951) (op. on reh'g). [61] Hall v. State, 158 Tex.Crim. 243, 246 , 254 S.W.2d 523, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1953) (op. on reh'g). [62

2006The Mitchell standard reads much like the constitutionally mandated Jackson standard of review. [57] Smith v. State, 85 Tex.Crim. 355, 357 , 212 S.W. 660, 661 (1919) (evidence was sufficient to support burglary conviction). [58] Jolly v. State, 87 Tex.Crim. 288, 293 , 221 S.W. 279, 282 (1920). [59] Franklin v. State, 147 Tex.Crim. 636, 638 , 183 S.W.2d 573, 574 (1944) (citations omitted). [60] Everitt v. State, 156 Tex.Crim. 332, 335 , 242 S.W.2d 398, 399 (Tex.Crim.App.1951) (op. on reh'g). [61] Hall v. State, 158 Tex.Crim. 243, 246 , 254 S.W.2d 523, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1953) (op. on reh'g). [62

11
Jolly v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1920 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006The Mitchell standard reads much like the constitutionally mandated Jackson standard of review. [57] Smith v. State, 85 Tex.Crim. 355, 357 , 212 S.W. 660, 661 (1919) (evidence was sufficient to support burglary conviction). [58] Jolly v. State, 87 Tex.Crim. 288, 293 , 221 S.W. 279, 282 (1920). [59] Franklin v. State, 147 Tex.Crim. 636, 638 , 183 S.W.2d 573, 574 (1944) (citations omitted). [60] Everitt v. State, 156 Tex.Crim. 332, 335 , 242 S.W.2d 398, 399 (Tex.Crim.App.1951) (op. on reh'g). [61] Hall v. State, 158 Tex.Crim. 243, 246 , 254 S.W.2d 523, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1953) (op. on reh'g). [62

2006The Mitchell standard reads much like the constitutionally mandated Jackson standard of review. [57] Smith v. State, 85 Tex.Crim. 355, 357 , 212 S.W. 660, 661 (1919) (evidence was sufficient to support burglary conviction). [58] Jolly v. State, 87 Tex.Crim. 288, 293 , 221 S.W. 279, 282 (1920). [59] Franklin v. State, 147 Tex.Crim. 636, 638 , 183 S.W.2d 573, 574 (1944) (citations omitted). [60] Everitt v. State, 156 Tex.Crim. 332, 335 , 242 S.W.2d 398, 399 (Tex.Crim.App.1951) (op. on reh'g). [61] Hall v. State, 158 Tex.Crim. 243, 246 , 254 S.W.2d 523, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1953) (op. on reh'g). [62

11
Franklin v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1944 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006The Mitchell standard reads much like the constitutionally mandated Jackson standard of review. [57] Smith v. State, 85 Tex.Crim. 355, 357 , 212 S.W. 660, 661 (1919) (evidence was sufficient to support burglary conviction). [58] Jolly v. State, 87 Tex.Crim. 288, 293 , 221 S.W. 279, 282 (1920). [59] Franklin v. State, 147 Tex.Crim. 636, 638 , 183 S.W.2d 573, 574 (1944) (citations omitted). [60] Everitt v. State, 156 Tex.Crim. 332, 335 , 242 S.W.2d 398, 399 (Tex.Crim.App.1951) (op. on reh'g). [61] Hall v. State, 158 Tex.Crim. 243, 246 , 254 S.W.2d 523, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1953) (op. on reh'g). [62

2006The Mitchell standard reads much like the constitutionally mandated Jackson standard of review. [57] Smith v. State, 85 Tex.Crim. 355, 357 , 212 S.W. 660, 661 (1919) (evidence was sufficient to support burglary conviction). [58] Jolly v. State, 87 Tex.Crim. 288, 293 , 221 S.W. 279, 282 (1920). [59] Franklin v. State, 147 Tex.Crim. 636, 638 , 183 S.W.2d 573, 574 (1944) (citations omitted). [60] Everitt v. State, 156 Tex.Crim. 332, 335 , 242 S.W.2d 398, 399 (Tex.Crim.App.1951) (op. on reh'g). [61] Hall v. State, 158 Tex.Crim. 243, 246 , 254 S.W.2d 523, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1953) (op. on reh'g). [62

11
Everitt v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1951 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006The Mitchell standard reads much like the constitutionally mandated Jackson standard of review. [57] Smith v. State, 85 Tex.Crim. 355, 357 , 212 S.W. 660, 661 (1919) (evidence was sufficient to support burglary conviction). [58] Jolly v. State, 87 Tex.Crim. 288, 293 , 221 S.W. 279, 282 (1920). [59] Franklin v. State, 147 Tex.Crim. 636, 638 , 183 S.W.2d 573, 574 (1944) (citations omitted). [60] Everitt v. State, 156 Tex.Crim. 332, 335 , 242 S.W.2d 398, 399 (Tex.Crim.App.1951) (op. on reh'g). [61] Hall v. State, 158 Tex.Crim. 243, 246 , 254 S.W.2d 523, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1953) (op. on reh'g). [62

2006The Mitchell standard reads much like the constitutionally mandated Jackson standard of review. [57] Smith v. State, 85 Tex.Crim. 355, 357 , 212 S.W. 660, 661 (1919) (evidence was sufficient to support burglary conviction). [58] Jolly v. State, 87 Tex.Crim. 288, 293 , 221 S.W. 279, 282 (1920). [59] Franklin v. State, 147 Tex.Crim. 636, 638 , 183 S.W.2d 573, 574 (1944) (citations omitted). [60] Everitt v. State, 156 Tex.Crim. 332, 335 , 242 S.W.2d 398, 399 (Tex.Crim.App.1951) (op. on reh'g). [61] Hall v. State, 158 Tex.Crim. 243, 246 , 254 S.W.2d 523, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1953) (op. on reh'g). [62

11
Smith v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1919 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006The Mitchell standard reads much like the constitutionally mandated Jackson standard of review. [57] Smith v. State, 85 Tex.Crim. 355, 357 , 212 S.W. 660, 661 (1919) (evidence was sufficient to support burglary conviction). [58] Jolly v. State, 87 Tex.Crim. 288, 293 , 221 S.W. 279, 282 (1920). [59] Franklin v. State, 147 Tex.Crim. 636, 638 , 183 S.W.2d 573, 574 (1944) (citations omitted). [60] Everitt v. State, 156 Tex.Crim. 332, 335 , 242 S.W.2d 398, 399 (Tex.Crim.App.1951) (op. on reh'g). [61] Hall v. State, 158 Tex.Crim. 243, 246 , 254 S.W.2d 523, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1953) (op. on reh'g). [62

2006The Mitchell standard reads much like the constitutionally mandated Jackson standard of review. [57] Smith v. State, 85 Tex.Crim. 355, 357 , 212 S.W. 660, 661 (1919) (evidence was sufficient to support burglary conviction). [58] Jolly v. State, 87 Tex.Crim. 288, 293 , 221 S.W. 279, 282 (1920). [59] Franklin v. State, 147 Tex.Crim. 636, 638 , 183 S.W.2d 573, 574 (1944) (citations omitted). [60] Everitt v. State, 156 Tex.Crim. 332, 335 , 242 S.W.2d 398, 399 (Tex.Crim.App.1951) (op. on reh'g). [61] Hall v. State, 158 Tex.Crim. 243, 246 , 254 S.W.2d 523, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1953) (op. on reh'g). [62

11
Mason v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1927 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006The Mitchell standard reads much like the constitutionally mandated Jackson standard of review. [57] Smith v. State, 85 Tex.Crim. 355, 357 , 212 S.W. 660, 661 (1919) (evidence was sufficient to support burglary conviction). [58] Jolly v. State, 87 Tex.Crim. 288, 293 , 221 S.W. 279, 282 (1920). [59] Franklin v. State, 147 Tex.Crim. 636, 638 , 183 S.W.2d 573, 574 (1944) (citations omitted). [60] Everitt v. State, 156 Tex.Crim. 332, 335 , 242 S.W.2d 398, 399 (Tex.Crim.App.1951) (op. on reh'g). [61] Hall v. State, 158 Tex.Crim. 243, 246 , 254 S.W.2d 523, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1953) (op. on reh'g). [62

2006The Mitchell standard reads much like the constitutionally mandated Jackson standard of review. [57] Smith v. State, 85 Tex.Crim. 355, 357 , 212 S.W. 660, 661 (1919) (evidence was sufficient to support burglary conviction). [58] Jolly v. State, 87 Tex.Crim. 288, 293 , 221 S.W. 279, 282 (1920). [59] Franklin v. State, 147 Tex.Crim. 636, 638 , 183 S.W.2d 573, 574 (1944) (citations omitted). [60] Everitt v. State, 156 Tex.Crim. 332, 335 , 242 S.W.2d 398, 399 (Tex.Crim.App.1951) (op. on reh'g). [61] Hall v. State, 158 Tex.Crim. 243, 246 , 254 S.W.2d 523, 526 (Tex.Crim.App.1953) (op. on reh'g). [62

11
Harris v. Stategreen
texapp · 2003 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
1 sentence

2004See id. at 884-85 (holding State’s comment as proper summation of evidence where it specifically pointed out lack of testimony from other witnesses concerning any motive for female witnesses to falsely accuse appellant of sexual assault).

11
Fogle v. Stategreen
texapp · 1999 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
1 sentence

2004Therefore, the prosecutor’s statement was not a comment on Mitchell’s failure to testify, and the trial court did not err by overruling Mitchell’s objection. (footnote: 3) See Fogle , 988 S.W.2d at 894 (holding prosecutor’s statement was not a comment on appellant’s failure to testify where it merely pointed out that there was lack of other extrinsic evidence establishing appellant’s disorder).

11
Reyes v. Statered
texcrimapp · 1996 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (12)

CaseCitedYears
Holland v. Hayden green
texapp · 1995
2 sentences

2000See T.R.S., 931 S.W.2d at 758 ; Holland, 901 S.W.2d at 765 .

2000See T.R.S., 931 S.W.2d at 758 ; Holland, 901 S.W.2d at 765 .

22000–2000
Holland v. Thompson green
texapp · 2010
2 sentences

2022However, as we discuss more fully below, Mitchell’s analysis is inapplicable to the facts of this case as a result of evidentiary deficiencies at the summary judgment stage. 5 conclusively prove when the cause of action accrued, and (2) negate the discovery rule, if it applies and has been pled or otherwise raised[.]” Holland, 338 S.W.3d at 593 (citing KPMG Peat Marwick v. Harrison County Housing Finance Corp., 988 S.W.2d 746, 748 (Tex. 1999)).

2022However, as we discuss more fully below, Mitchell’s analysis is inapplicable to the facts of this case as a result of evidentiary deficiencies at the summary judgment stage. 5 conclusively prove when the cause of action accrued, and (2) negate the discovery rule, if it applies and has been pled or otherwise raised[.]” Holland, 338 S.W.3d at 593 (citing KPMG Peat Marwick v. Harrison County Housing Finance Corp., 988 S.W.2d 746, 748 (Tex. 1999)).

12022–2022
Gibson v. State green
texcrimapp · 2004
1 sentence

2016The State gave the race-neutral explanation that an element of Venireperson A’s physical appearance made the State suspect that she could be a user of illegal drugs. 7 “In the typical 6 Here, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals found that the intermediate court “misapplied this ‘clearly erroneous’ standard of appellate review when it substituted its judgment for the trial court’s in deciding that the prosecutor’s facially race-neutral explanation for striking veniremember 11 was a pretext.” Gibson, 144 S.W.3d at 534 . 7 In Gambel v. State, 835 S.W.2d 788 , 790–91 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.

12016–2016
Gambel v. State green
texapp · 1992
1 sentence

2016The State gave the race-neutral explanation that an element of Venireperson A’s physical appearance made the State suspect that she could be a user of illegal drugs. 7 “In the typical 6 Here, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals found that the intermediate court “misapplied this ‘clearly erroneous’ standard of appellate review when it substituted its judgment for the trial court’s in deciding that the prosecutor’s facially race-neutral explanation for striking veniremember 11 was a pretext.” Gibson, 144 S.W.3d at 534 . 7 In Gambel v. State, 835 S.W.2d 788 , 790–91 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.

12016–2016
In Re Ramirez green
texapp · 1998
1 sentence

2008Under the circumstances alleged by Mitchell, Respondent has had a reasonable time to rule on Mitchell’s motion for default judgment. [1] See id.

12008–2008
Martinez v. State green
texapp · 1998
11999–1999
Ewing v. State green
texapp · 1998
11999–1999
Morford v. Bellanca Aircraft Corp. green
· 1949
11954–1954
Holland v. Nance neutral
· 1908
11914–1914
Broom v. Pearson green
· 1905
11914–1914
Watkins Land Co. v. Clements green
tex · 1905
11914–1914
Hill v. Harris neutral
· 1901
11914–1914

Where else courts name it

OH 22 (1986–2026) TX 22 (1914–2025) CA 21 (1988–2024) GA 19 (1990–2023) FL 17 (1969–2018) NY 16 (1977–2025) PA 14 (1999–2025) AL 11 (1990–2010) IL 10 (1990–2021) HI 10 (1985–2020) IN 9 (1987–2020) MO 9 (1982–2020) AZ 7 (1972–2014) AR 7 (1952–2023) MN 6 (1979–2016) NM 6 (1989–2019) IA 5 (2021–2024) MD 5 (1994–2024) WY 5 (1998–2023) UT 5 (2007–2023) MI 5 (1976–2023) DE 5 (2015–2024) WI 5 (1953–2025) WA 5 (1976–2020) OK 4 (1995–2018) LA 4 (1964–2001) VA 4 (1955–2021) TN 4 (2017–2025) DC 4 (1951–2013) SC 4 (2001–2015) MA 3 (2002–2016) MS 3 (1986–2021) AK 3 (1995–2021) KS 3 (2003–2015) CO 3 (1965–2025) SD 2 (1987–2009) MT 2 (1976–2009) ME 2 (2006–2010) NJ 2 (1984–2020) WV 2 (1993–2003) NV 2 (2006–2015) VT 2 (2000–2010) NE 2 (2016–2016) KY 2 (2000–2025) NH 2 (2001–2003)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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