has adopted test (Montana) · Go Syfert
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has adopted test in Montana

20 Montana opinions name it 1 courts 1890–2025 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Montana courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (8)

CaseFollowedCited
Interstate Brands Corp. v. Cannongreen
mont · 1985 · cited in 3 Montana opinions naming this issue, 1995–2015
2 sentences

2015Hughes v. Hughes, 2013 MT 176, ¶ 30 , 370 Mont. 499 , 305 P.3d 772 ; Interstate Brands Corp. v. Cannon, 218 Mont. 380, 384 , 708 P.2d 573, 576 (1985).

2015Hughes v. Hughes, 2013 MT 176, ¶ 30 , 370 Mont. 499 , 305 P.3d 772 ; Interstate Brands Corp. v. Cannon, 218 Mont. 380, 384 , 708 P.2d 573, 576 (1985).

13
Sweet v. Colborn School Supply, Burlington Northern Inc.green
mont · 1982 · cited in 2 Montana opinions naming this issue, 1996–2009
2 sentences

2009Supply, 196 Mont. 367, 369-70 , 639 P.2d 521, 523 (1982)).

2009Supply, 196 Mont. 367, 369-70 , 639 P.2d 521, 523 (1982)).

12
Scott v. Jardine Gold Mining & Milling Co.green
mont · 1927 · cited in 1 Montana opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022In Montana, under estoppel in pais, “the person estopped is considered as having by his admission, declaration, or conduct, misled another to his prejudice, so that it would work a fraud to allow the true state of facts to be proved.” Scott v. Jardine Gold Mining & Milling Co., 79 Mont. 485, 495 , 257 P. 406, 410 (1927).

2022In Montana, under estoppel in pais, “the person estopped is considered as having by his admission, declaration, or conduct, misled another to his prejudice, so that it would work a fraud to allow the true state of facts to be proved.” Scott v. Jardine Gold Mining & Milling Co., 79 Mont. 485, 495 , 257 P. 406, 410 (1927).

11
Brady v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1970 · cited in 1 Montana opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009This Court has adopted the standard for voluntariness set forth in Brady v. United States, 397 U.S. 742, 755 , 90 S. Ct. 1463, 1472 (1970), which considers a guilty plea voluntary "only when the defendant is `fully aware of the direct consequences, including the actual value of any commitments made to him by the court, prosecutor, or his own counsel . . . .'" State v. Lone Elk, 2005 MT 56, ¶ 21 , 326 Mont. 214 , 108 P.3d 500 .

2009This Court has adopted the standard for voluntariness set forth in Brady v. United States, 397 U.S. 742, 755 , 90 S. Ct. 1463, 1472 (1970), which considers a guilty plea voluntary "only when the defendant is `fully aware of the direct consequences, including the actual value of any commitments made to him by the court, prosecutor, or his own counsel . . . .'" State v. Lone Elk, 2005 MT 56, ¶ 21 , 326 Mont. 214 , 108 P.3d 500 .

11
State v. Thompsongreen
mont · 1993 · cited in 1 Montana opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
2 sentences

1997See State v. Thompson (1993), 263 Mont. 17 , 865 P.2d 1125 ; State v. Stewart (1994), 266 Mont. 525 , 881 P.2d 629 .

1997See State v. Thompson (1993), 263 Mont. 17 , 865 P.2d 1125 ; State v. Stewart (1994), 266 Mont. 525 , 881 P.2d 629 .

11
Kenyon v. Stillwater Countygreen
mont · 1992 · cited in 1 Montana opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996See Kenyon, 835 P.2d 742; Taliaferro v. State (1988), 235 Mont. 23 , 764 P.2d 860 ; European Health Spa v. Human Rights Comm’n (1984), 212 Mont. 319 , 687 P.2d 1029 ; Martinez v. Yellowstone County Welfare Dept. (1981), 192 Mont. 42 , 626 P.2d 242 .

1996See Kenyon, 835 P.2d 742 ; Taliaferro v. State, (1988), 235 Mont. 23 , 764 P.2d 860 ; European Health Spa v. Human Rights Comm'n, (1984), 212 Mont. 319 , 687 P.2d 1029 ; Martinez v. Yellowstone County Welfare Dept., (1981), 192 Mont. 42 , 626 P.2d 242 .

11
State v. Weeksgreen
mont · 1995 · cited in 1 Montana opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996See State v. Weeks, (1995), 270 Mont. 63 , 891 P.2d 477 ; State v. Moore (1994), 268 Mont. 20 , 885 P.2d 457 .

1996See State v. Weeks, (1995), 270 Mont. 63 , 891 P.2d 477 ; State v. Moore (1994), 268 Mont. 20 , 885 P.2d 457 .

11
State v. Boyergreen
mont · 1985 · cited in 1 Montana opinions naming this issue, 1990–1990
2 sentences

1990See State v. Boyer (1985), 215 Mont. 143 , 695 P.2d 829 .

1990See State v. Boyer (1985), 215 Mont. 143 , 695 P.2d 829 .

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Montana. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (29)

CaseCitedYears
Hughes v. Hughes green
mont · 2013
2 sentences

2025Hughes v. Hughes, 2013 MT 176, ¶ 30 , 370 Mont. 499 , 305 P.3d 772 .

2025Hughes v. Hughes, 2013 MT 176, ¶ 30 , 370 Mont. 499 , 305 P.3d 772 .

22015–2025
Barker v. Wingo green
scotus · 1972
2 sentences

1997In determining whether a criminal defendant has received a speedy trial, this Court has adopted the test set forth by the United States Supreme Court in Barker v. Wingo (1972), 407 U.S. 514 , 92 S.Ct. 2182 , 33 L.Ed. 2d 101 .

1997In determining whether a criminal defendant has received a speedy trial, this Court has adopted the test set forth by the United States Supreme Court in Barker v. Wingo (1972), 407 U.S. 514 , 92 S.Ct. 2182 , 33 L.Ed. 2d 101 .

21984–1997
State v. Schmalz neutral
mont · 2000
1 sentence

2013State v. Wooster, 2001 MT 4, ¶ 18 , 304 Mont. 56 , 16 P.3d 409 .

12013–2013
State v. Wooster green
mont · 2001
2 sentences

2013State v. Wooster, 2001 MT 4, ¶ 18 , 304 Mont. 56 , 16 P.3d 409 .

2013State v. Wooster, 2001 MT 4, ¶ 18 , 304 Mont. 56 , 16 P.3d 409 .

12013–2013
Kluver v. PPL Montana, LLC green
mont · 2012
2 sentences

2013The doctrine provides that where findings of fact “are general in terms, any findings not specifically made, but necessary to the [determination], are deemed to have been implied, if supported by the evidence.” Kluver v. PPL Mont., LLC, 2012 MT 321, ¶ 41 , 368 Mont. 101 , 293 P.3d 817 (quoting In re Transfer of Location for Mont.

2013The doctrine provides that where findings of fact “are general in terms, any findings not specifically made, but necessary to the [determination], are deemed to have been implied, if supported by the evidence.” Kluver v. PPL Mont., LLC, 2012 MT 321, ¶ 41 , 368 Mont. 101 , 293 P.3d 817 (quoting In re Transfer of Location for Mont.

12013–2013
In Re the Marriage of Whyte Couvi green
mont · 2012
2 sentences

2012This Court has adopted the doctrine of implied findings for the purpose of reviewing findings of fact. 19 The doctrine provides that where findings of fact “ ‘are general in terms, any findings not specifically made, but necessary to the [determination], are deemed to have been implied, if supported by the evidence.’ ” In re Whyte, 2012 MT 45, ¶ 41 , 364 Mont. 219 , 272 P.3d 102 (quoting In re Transfer of Location for Mont.

2012This Court has adopted the doctrine of implied findings for the purpose of reviewing findings of fact. 19 The doctrine provides that where findings of fact “ ‘are general in terms, any findings not specifically made, but necessary to the [determination], are deemed to have been implied, if supported by the evidence.’ ” In re Whyte, 2012 MT 45, ¶ 41 , 364 Mont. 219 , 272 P.3d 102 (quoting In re Transfer of Location for Mont.

12012–2012
Slater v. Central Plumbing and Heating Co. green
mont · 1996
2 sentences

2009This Court has adopted a standard under which “contractual provisions that indemnify a party for its own negligence must be ‘clear and unequivocal’ to be enforceable.” Slater, 275 Mont. at 270 , 912 P.2d at 782 (citing Sweet v. Colborn Sch.

2009This Court has adopted a standard under which “contractual provisions that indemnify a party for its own negligence must be ‘clear and unequivocal’ to be enforceable.” Slater, 275 Mont. at 270 , 912 P.2d at 782 (citing Sweet v. Colborn Sch.

12009–2009
State v. Sanders green
mont · 1999
2 sentences

2009To determine whether a plea was voluntarily made, we look at "case specific considerations" such as the "adequacy of the district court's interrogation, the benefits obtained from a plea bargain, the withdrawal's timeliness, and other considerations that may affect the credibility of the claims presented." McFarlane , ¶ 17. ¶16 In State v. Sanders, 1999 MT 136 , 294 Mont. 539 , 982 P.2d 1015 (overruled on other grounds) and State v. Rave, 2005 MT 78 , 326 Mont. 398 , 109 P.3d 753 , we determined that "good cause" existed when there was doubt in the record about whether the defendants had been

2009To determine whether a plea was voluntarily made, we look at "case specific considerations" such as the "adequacy of the district court's interrogation, the benefits obtained from a plea bargain, the withdrawal's timeliness, and other considerations that may affect the credibility of the claims presented." McFarlane , ¶ 17. ¶16 In State v. Sanders, 1999 MT 136 , 294 Mont. 539 , 982 P.2d 1015 (overruled on other grounds) and State v. Rave, 2005 MT 78 , 326 Mont. 398 , 109 P.3d 753 , we determined that "good cause" existed when there was doubt in the record about whether the defendants had been

12009–2009
State v. Rave neutral
mont · 2005
2 sentences

2009To determine whether a plea was voluntarily made, we look at "case specific considerations" such as the "adequacy of the district court's interrogation, the benefits obtained from a plea bargain, the withdrawal's timeliness, and other considerations that may affect the credibility of the claims presented." McFarlane , ¶ 17. ¶16 In State v. Sanders, 1999 MT 136 , 294 Mont. 539 , 982 P.2d 1015 (overruled on other grounds) and State v. Rave, 2005 MT 78 , 326 Mont. 398 , 109 P.3d 753 , we determined that "good cause" existed when there was doubt in the record about whether the defendants had been

2009To determine whether a plea was voluntarily made, we look at "case specific considerations" such as the "adequacy of the district court's interrogation, the benefits obtained from a plea bargain, the withdrawal's timeliness, and other considerations that may affect the credibility of the claims presented." McFarlane , ¶ 17. ¶16 In State v. Sanders, 1999 MT 136 , 294 Mont. 539 , 982 P.2d 1015 (overruled on other grounds) and State v. Rave, 2005 MT 78 , 326 Mont. 398 , 109 P.3d 753 , we determined that "good cause" existed when there was doubt in the record about whether the defendants had been

12009–2009
State v. Lone Elk green
mont · 2005
2 sentences

2009This Court has adopted the standard for voluntariness set forth in Brady v. United States, 397 U.S. 742, 755 , 90 S. Ct. 1463, 1472 (1970), which considers a guilty plea voluntary "only when the defendant is `fully aware of the direct consequences, including the actual value of any commitments made to him by the court, prosecutor, or his own counsel . . . .'" State v. Lone Elk, 2005 MT 56, ¶ 21 , 326 Mont. 214 , 108 P.3d 500 .

2009This Court has adopted the standard for voluntariness set forth in Brady v. United States, 397 U.S. 742, 755 , 90 S. Ct. 1463, 1472 (1970), which considers a guilty plea voluntary "only when the defendant is `fully aware of the direct consequences, including the actual value of any commitments made to him by the court, prosecutor, or his own counsel . . . .'" State v. Lone Elk, 2005 MT 56, ¶ 21 , 326 Mont. 214 , 108 P.3d 500 .

12009–2009
State v. Stewart green
mont · 1994
2 sentences

1997See State v. Thompson (1993), 263 Mont. 17 , 865 P.2d 1125 ; State v. Stewart (1994), 266 Mont. 525 , 881 P.2d 629 .

1997See State v. Thompson (1993), 263 Mont. 17 , 865 P.2d 1125 ; State v. Stewart (1994), 266 Mont. 525 , 881 P.2d 629 .

11997–1997
Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine green
scotus · 1981
2 sentences

1996As recognized by the majority, this Court has adopted the test articulated in McDonnell Douglas and further developed in Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine (1981), 450 U.S. 248 , 101 S.Ct. 1089 , 67 L.Ed.2d 207 , for analyzing discrimination cases.

1996As recognized by the majority, this Court has adopted the test articulated in McDonnell Douglas and further developed in Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine (1981), 450 U.S. 248 , 101 S.Ct. 1089 , 67 L.Ed.2d 207 , for analyzing discrimination cases.

11996–1996
Martinez v. Yellowstone County Welfare Department green
mont · 1981
2 sentences

1996See Kenyon, 835 P.2d 742; Taliaferro v. State (1988), 235 Mont. 23 , 764 P.2d 860 ; European Health Spa v. Human Rights Comm’n (1984), 212 Mont. 319 , 687 P.2d 1029 ; Martinez v. Yellowstone County Welfare Dept. (1981), 192 Mont. 42 , 626 P.2d 242 .

1996See Kenyon, 835 P.2d 742; Taliaferro v. State (1988), 235 Mont. 23 , 764 P.2d 860 ; European Health Spa v. Human Rights Comm’n (1984), 212 Mont. 319 , 687 P.2d 1029 ; Martinez v. Yellowstone County Welfare Dept. (1981), 192 Mont. 42 , 626 P.2d 242 .

11996–1996
European Health Spa v. Human Rights Commission green
mont · 1984
2 sentences

1996See Kenyon, 835 P.2d 742; Taliaferro v. State (1988), 235 Mont. 23 , 764 P.2d 860 ; European Health Spa v. Human Rights Comm’n (1984), 212 Mont. 319 , 687 P.2d 1029 ; Martinez v. Yellowstone County Welfare Dept. (1981), 192 Mont. 42 , 626 P.2d 242 .

1996See Kenyon, 835 P.2d 742; Taliaferro v. State (1988), 235 Mont. 23 , 764 P.2d 860 ; European Health Spa v. Human Rights Comm’n (1984), 212 Mont. 319 , 687 P.2d 1029 ; Martinez v. Yellowstone County Welfare Dept. (1981), 192 Mont. 42 , 626 P.2d 242 .

11996–1996
Taliaferro v. State green
mont · 1988
2 sentences

1996See Kenyon, 835 P.2d 742; Taliaferro v. State (1988), 235 Mont. 23 , 764 P.2d 860 ; European Health Spa v. Human Rights Comm’n (1984), 212 Mont. 319 , 687 P.2d 1029 ; Martinez v. Yellowstone County Welfare Dept. (1981), 192 Mont. 42 , 626 P.2d 242 .

1996See Kenyon, 835 P.2d 742; Taliaferro v. State (1988), 235 Mont. 23 , 764 P.2d 860 ; European Health Spa v. Human Rights Comm’n (1984), 212 Mont. 319 , 687 P.2d 1029 ; Martinez v. Yellowstone County Welfare Dept. (1981), 192 Mont. 42 , 626 P.2d 242 .

11996–1996
State v. Moore green
mont · 1994
2 sentences

1996See State v. Weeks, (1995), 270 Mont. 63 , 891 P.2d 477 ; State v. Moore (1994), 268 Mont. 20 , 885 P.2d 457 .

1996See State v. Weeks, (1995), 270 Mont. 63 , 891 P.2d 477 ; State v. Moore (1994), 268 Mont. 20 , 885 P.2d 457 .

11996–1996
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. green
scotus · 1993
2 sentences

1996The State acknowledges that this Court has adopted the standard set forth in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1993), _ U.S. _, 113 S.Ct. 2786 , 125 L.Ed.2d 469 , in determining whether to allow expert testimony concerning novel scientific evidence.

1996The State acknowledges that this Court has adopted the standard set forth in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1993), _ U.S. _, 113 S.Ct. 2786 , 125 L.Ed.2d 469 , in determining whether to allow expert testimony concerning novel scientific evidence.

11996–1996
Strickland v. Washington green
scotus · 1984
2 sentences

1990In making a determination of effective assistance of counsel, this Court has adopted the test set forth in Strickland v. Washington (1984), 466 U.S. 668 , 104 S.Ct. 2052 , 80 L.Ed.2d 674 .

1990In making a determination of effective assistance of counsel, this Court has adopted the test set forth in Strickland v. Washington (1984), 466 U.S. 668 , 104 S.Ct. 2052 , 80 L.Ed.2d 674 .

11990–1990
Jackson v. Virginia red
scotus · 1979
2 sentences

1982The Court will not make an independent analysis of whether the State carried its burden of proving its case beyond a reasonable doubt.” Defendant contends that the District Court erred by the above analysis and that, at least since State v. Rodriguez, supra, this Court has adopted the standard set down in Jackson v. Virginia (1979), 443 U.S. 307 , 99 S.Ct. 2781 , 61 L.Ed.2d 560 .

1982The Court will not make an independent analysis of whether the State carried its burden of proving its case beyond a reasonable doubt.” Defendant contends that the District Court erred by the above analysis and that, at least since State v. Rodriguez, supra, this Court has adopted the standard set down in Jackson v. Virginia (1979), 443 U.S. 307 , 99 S.Ct. 2781 , 61 L.Ed.2d 560 .

11982–1982
State v. Rodriguez green
mont · 1981
1 sentence

1982The Court will not make an independent analysis of whether the State carried its burden of proving its case beyond a reasonable doubt.” Defendant contends that the District Court erred by the above analysis and that, at least since State v. Rodriguez, supra, this Court has adopted the standard set down in Jackson v. Virginia (1979), 443 U.S. 307 , 99 S.Ct. 2781 , 61 L.Ed.2d 560 .

11982–1982
State v. Knapp green
mont · 1977
2 sentences

1980State v. Knapp (1977), 174 Mont. 373 , 570 P.2d 1138 .

1980State v. Knapp (1977), 174 Mont. 373 , 570 P.2d 1138 .

11980–1980
Townsend v. Burke green
scotus · 1948
2 sentences

1980This Court has adopted the rule expressed by the United States Supreme Court in Townsend v. Burke (1948), 334 U.S. 736 , 68 S.Ct. 1252 , 92 L.3d 1690, that a defendant is entitled to have his sentence predicated on substantially correct information.

1980This Court has adopted the rule expressed by the United States Supreme Court in Townsend v. Burke (1948), 334 U.S. 736 , 68 S.Ct. 1252 , 92 L.3d 1690, that a defendant is entitled to have his sentence predicated on substantially correct information.

11980–1980
Bordeaux v. Bordeaux green
mont · 1905
11957–1957
Finlen v. Heinze green
· 1905
11957–1957
Pope v. Alexander green
· 1907
11957–1957
Watkins v. Watkins neutral
mont · 1909
11957–1957
Hart v. Barron green
mont · 1949
11957–1957
Herbert v. King neutral
mont · 1872
11890–1890
Bank of Deer Lodge v. Hope Mining Co. neutral
mont · 1878
11890–1890

Where else courts name it

MS 37 (1953–2023) WA 30 (1900–2019) RI 22 (1981–2011) OK 21 (1920–2004) AR 21 (1898–2019) MT 20 (1890–2025) WI 17 (1909–2005) KY 17 (1915–1977) NE 17 (1906–2024) IL 15 (1902–2024) ID 14 (1949–2020) AL 14 (1889–2005) OH 13 (1991–2024) LA 13 (1932–1991) PA 13 (1963–2025) TX 12 (1974–2022) MI 11 (1894–2023) MD 11 (1910–2023) MN 11 (1901–1997) WV 11 (1946–2013) OR 10 (1900–1987) DC 10 (1991–2024) NC 9 (1931–2019) NJ 7 (1996–2024) IN 7 (1885–2004) HI 7 (1988–2019) VT 7 (1998–2020) SD 6 (1905–1995) MO 6 (1911–2003) AZ 6 (1911–1988) IA 5 (1882–1939) CT 5 (1987–2006) ND 4 (1970–2021) UT 4 (1920–1992) CO 4 (1987–2002) KS 4 (1933–2018) CA 4 (1891–1991) NY 4 (1928–2014) NH 3 (1970–1980) VI 3 (2013–2025) FL 3 (1959–1995) WY 2 (1986–1987) DE 2 (1991–2017) TN 2 (1922–1957) MA 2 (1986–2019) GA 2 (1928–1985) NV 2 (1973–2012) AK 2 (2017–2017) NM 2 (1974–1977)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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