two part test in Maryland

15 Maryland opinions name it 2 courts 1979–2023 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Maryland courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (36)

Case	Followed	Cited
Allstate Insurance v. Kyong Ho Kimgreen md · 2003 · cited in 2 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2008–2020 2 sentences 2020Co. v. Kim, 376 Md. 276, 289 (2003)). 2008Co. v. Kim, 376 Md. 276, 289 , 829 A.2d 611, 618 (2003).	1	2
Hillard v. Stategreen md · 1979 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023 1 sentence 2023That inquiry, first articulated in Hillard v. State, 286 Md. 145, 153 (1979), is governed by a two- part test under which it must be shown that “1) a police officer or an agent of the police force promise[d] or implie[d] to a suspect that he or she w[ould] be given special consideration from a prosecuting authority or some other form of assistance in exchange for the suspect’s confession, and 2) the suspect makes a confession in apparent reliance on the police officer’s statement.” 20 Winder v. State, 362 Md. 275, 309 (2001).	1	1
Winder v. Stategreen md · 2001 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023 1 sentence 2023That inquiry, first articulated in Hillard v. State, 286 Md. 145, 153 (1979), is governed by a two- part test under which it must be shown that “1) a police officer or an agent of the police force promise[d] or implie[d] to a suspect that he or she w[ould] be given special consideration from a prosecuting authority or some other form of assistance in exchange for the suspect’s confession, and 2) the suspect makes a confession in apparent reliance on the police officer’s statement.” 20 Winder v. State, 362 Md. 275, 309 (2001).	1	1
Erie Insurance v. Chopsgreen md · 1991 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008 2 sentences 2008Co. v. Chops, 322 Md. 79, 84 , 585 A.2d 232, 234 (1991)(citing Pahanish v. Western Trails, Inc., 69 Md.App. 342, 362 , 517 A.2d 1122 (1986)); see also Geo. 2008Co. v. Chops, 322 Md. 79, 84 , 585 A.2d 232, 234 (1991)(citing Pahanish v. Western Trails, Inc., 69 Md.App. 342, 362 , 517 A.2d 1122 (1986)); see also Geo.	1	1
Allstate v. Kimgreen md · 2003 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008 2 sentences 2008Co. v. Kim, 376 Md. 276, 289 , 829 A.2d 611, 618 (2003). 2008Co. v. Kim, 376 Md. 276, 289 , 829 A.2d 611, 618 (2003).	1	1
United States v. Urserygreen scotus · 1996 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 2 sentences 2002Also applying an “intent-effects” test, this one a three part one gleaned from Hendricks and United States v. Ursery, 518 U.S. 267, 288 , 116 S.Ct. 2135, 2147 , 135 L.Ed.2d 549, 568 (1996), the majority rejected Young’s argument. 371 Md. at 8, 806 A.2d at 270 . 2002Also applying an “intent-effects” test, this one a three part one gleaned from Hendricks and United States v. Ursery, 518 U.S. 267, 288 , 116 S.Ct. 2135, 2147 , 135 L.Ed.2d 549, 568 (1996), the majority rejected Young’s argument. 371 Md. at 8, 806 A.2d at 270 .	1	1
Kansas v. Hendricksgreen scotus · 1997 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 2 sentences 2002To reach that conclusion, the petitioner applied the “intent-effects” analysis, a two part test, gleaned from Kansas v. Hendricks, 521 U.S. 346, 361 , 117 S.Ct. 2072, 2082 , 138 L.Ed.2d 501, 515 (1997) and Hudson v. United States, 522 U.S. 93, 99-100 , 118 S.Ct. 488, 493-94 , 139 L.Ed.2d 450, 459 (1997). 2002To reach that conclusion, the petitioner applied the “intent-effects” analysis, a two part test, gleaned from Kansas v. Hendricks, 521 U.S. 346, 361 , 117 S.Ct. 2072, 2082 , 138 L.Ed.2d 501, 515 (1997) and Hudson v. United States, 522 U.S. 93, 99-100 , 118 S.Ct. 488, 493-94 , 139 L.Ed.2d 450, 459 (1997).	1	1
Hudson v. United Statesgreen scotus · 1997 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 2 sentences 2002To reach that conclusion, the petitioner applied the “intent-effects” analysis, a two part test, gleaned from Kansas v. Hendricks, 521 U.S. 346, 361 , 117 S.Ct. 2072, 2082 , 138 L.Ed.2d 501, 515 (1997) and Hudson v. United States, 522 U.S. 93, 99-100 , 118 S.Ct. 488, 493-94 , 139 L.Ed.2d 450, 459 (1997). 2002To reach that conclusion, the petitioner applied the “intent-effects” analysis, a two part test, gleaned from Kansas v. Hendricks, 521 U.S. 346, 361 , 117 S.Ct. 2072, 2082 , 138 L.Ed.2d 501, 515 (1997) and Hudson v. United States, 522 U.S. 93, 99-100 , 118 S.Ct. 488, 493-94 , 139 L.Ed.2d 450, 459 (1997).	1	1
United States v. Foxmangreen ca11 · 1996 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
United States v. Daygreen dc · 1997 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
State v. Murphygreen idaho · 1978 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001 2 sentences 2001See, e.g., Alabama v. Sealy, 728 So.2d 657, 661-62 (Crim.App.1997); Arizona v. Williams, 183 Ariz. 368 , 904 P.2d 437, 448 (1995) (en banc); Scott v. Arkansas, 263 Ark. 669 , 566 S.W.2d 737, 740 (1978); People v. Small, 631 P.2d 148, 157 (Colo.1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1101 , 102 S.Ct. 678 , 70 L.Ed.2d 644 ; United States v. Day, 697 A.2d 31, 33-35 (D.C.App.1997); Idaho v. Murphy, 99 Idaho 511 , 584 P.2d 1236, 1239 (1978); Iowa v. Cuevas, 282 N.W.2d 74, 77 (1979); Kansas v. Smallwood, 264 Kan. 69 , 955 P.2d 1209, 1218 (1998); Kirk v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 6 S.W.3d 823, 826-27 (1999); D 2001See, e.g., Alabama v. Sealy, 728 So.2d 657, 661-62 (Crim.App.1997); Arizona v. Williams, 183 Ariz. 368 , 904 P.2d 437, 448 (1995) (en banc); Scott v. Arkansas, 263 Ark. 669 , 566 S.W.2d 737, 740 (1978); People v. Small, 631 P.2d 148, 157 (Colo.1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1101 , 102 S.Ct. 678 , 70 L.Ed.2d 644 ; United States v. Day, 697 A.2d 31, 33-35 (D.C.App.1997); Idaho v. Murphy, 99 Idaho 511 , 584 P.2d 1236, 1239 (1978); Iowa v. Cuevas, 282 N.W.2d 74, 77 (1979); Kansas v. Smallwood, 264 Kan. 69 , 955 P.2d 1209, 1218 (1998); Kirk v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 6 S.W.3d 823, 826-27 (1999); D	1	1
State v. Vanassegreen ri · 1991 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001 1 sentence 2001See, e.g., Alabama v. Sealy, 728 So.2d 657, 661-62 (Crim.App.1997); Arizona v. Williams, 183 Ariz. 368 , 904 P.2d 437, 448 (1995) (en banc); Scott v. Arkansas, 263 Ark. 669 , 566 S.W.2d 737, 740 (1978); People v. Small, 631 P.2d 148, 157 (Colo.1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1101 , 102 S.Ct. 678 , 70 L.Ed.2d 644 ; United States v. Day, 697 A.2d 31, 33-35 (D.C.App.1997); Idaho v. Murphy, 99 Idaho 511 , 584 P.2d 1236, 1239 (1978); Iowa v. Cuevas, 282 N.W.2d 74, 77 (1979); Kansas v. Smallwood, 264 Kan. 69 , 955 P.2d 1209, 1218 (1998); Kirk v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 6 S.W.3d 823, 826-27 (1999); D	1	1
State v. Scottgreen mo · 1981 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
State v. Autrygreen nev · 1987 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001 2 sentences 2001See, e.g., Alabama v. Sealy, 728 So.2d 657, 661-62 (Crim.App.1997); Arizona v. Williams, 183 Ariz. 368 , 904 P.2d 437, 448 (1995) (en banc); Scott v. Arkansas, 263 Ark. 669 , 566 S.W.2d 737, 740 (1978); People v. Small, 631 P.2d 148, 157 (Colo.1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1101 , 102 S.Ct. 678 , 70 L.Ed.2d 644 ; United States v. Day, 697 A.2d 31, 33-35 (D.C.App.1997); Idaho v. Murphy, 99 Idaho 511 , 584 P.2d 1236, 1239 (1978); Iowa v. Cuevas, 282 N.W.2d 74, 77 (1979); Kansas v. Smallwood, 264 Kan. 69 , 955 P.2d 1209, 1218 (1998); Kirk v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 6 S.W.3d 823, 826-27 (1999); D 2001See, e.g., Alabama v. Sealy, 728 So.2d 657, 661-62 (Crim.App.1997); Arizona v. Williams, 183 Ariz. 368 , 904 P.2d 437, 448 (1995) (en banc); Scott v. Arkansas, 263 Ark. 669 , 566 S.W.2d 737, 740 (1978); People v. Small, 631 P.2d 148, 157 (Colo.1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1101 , 102 S.Ct. 678 , 70 L.Ed.2d 644 ; United States v. Day, 697 A.2d 31, 33-35 (D.C.App.1997); Idaho v. Murphy, 99 Idaho 511 , 584 P.2d 1236, 1239 (1978); Iowa v. Cuevas, 282 N.W.2d 74, 77 (1979); Kansas v. Smallwood, 264 Kan. 69 , 955 P.2d 1209, 1218 (1998); Kirk v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 6 S.W.3d 823, 826-27 (1999); D	1	1
State v. Williamsgreen ariz · 1995 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
United States v. Ismaili, Lakbir Moulay. Appeal of Lakbir Moulay Ismailigreen ca3 · 1987 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
United States v. John David Bartlettgreen ca8 · 1986 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
United States v. Najib Mansour Atisha (85-1537), Michael Covintgon (85-1775), Defendantsgreen ca6 · 1986 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001 1 sentence 2001See United States v. Ismaili, 828 F.2d 153, 167-68 (3rd Cir.1987) (citing Marion, 404 U.S. at 325 , 92 S.Ct. 455 , 30 L.Ed.2d 468 ; Lovasco, 431 U.S. at 789-90 , 97 S.Ct. 2044 , 52 L.Ed.2d 752 ), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 935 , 108 S.Ct. 1110 , 99 L.Ed.2d 271 (1988); United States v. Rogers, 118 F.3d 466, 476 (6th Cir.1997) (quoting United States v. Brown, 959 F.2d 63, 66 (6th Cir.1992)) (citing United States v. Atisha, 804 F.2d 920, 928 (6th Cir.1986); Lovasco, 431 U.S. at 786 , 97 S.Ct. 2044 , 52 L.Ed.2d 752 ), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1067 , 107 S.Ct. 955 , 93 L.Ed.2d 1003 (1987); United States	1	1
Kirk v. Commonwealthgreen ky · 1999 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001 1 sentence 2001See, e.g., Alabama v. Sealy, 728 So.2d 657, 661-62 (Crim.App.1997); Arizona v. Williams, 183 Ariz. 368 , 904 P.2d 437, 448 (1995) (en banc); Scott v. Arkansas, 263 Ark. 669 , 566 S.W.2d 737, 740 (1978); People v. Small, 631 P.2d 148, 157 (Colo.1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1101 , 102 S.Ct. 678 , 70 L.Ed.2d 644 ; United States v. Day, 697 A.2d 31, 33-35 (D.C.App.1997); Idaho v. Murphy, 99 Idaho 511 , 584 P.2d 1236, 1239 (1978); Iowa v. Cuevas, 282 N.W.2d 74, 77 (1979); Kansas v. Smallwood, 264 Kan. 69 , 955 P.2d 1209, 1218 (1998); Kirk v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 6 S.W.3d 823, 826-27 (1999); D	1	1
State v. Smallwoodgreen kan · 1998 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
United States v. Ronald S. Browngreen ca6 · 1992 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
Vernier v. Stategreen wyo · 1996 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001 1 sentence 2001See, e.g., Alabama v. Sealy, 728 So.2d 657, 661-62 (Crim.App.1997); Arizona v. Williams, 183 Ariz. 368 , 904 P.2d 437, 448 (1995) (en banc); Scott v. Arkansas, 263 Ark. 669 , 566 S.W.2d 737, 740 (1978); People v. Small, 631 P.2d 148, 157 (Colo.1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1101 , 102 S.Ct. 678 , 70 L.Ed.2d 644 ; United States v. Day, 697 A.2d 31, 33-35 (D.C.App.1997); Idaho v. Murphy, 99 Idaho 511 , 584 P.2d 1236, 1239 (1978); Iowa v. Cuevas, 282 N.W.2d 74, 77 (1979); Kansas v. Smallwood, 264 Kan. 69 , 955 P.2d 1209, 1218 (1998); Kirk v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 6 S.W.3d 823, 826-27 (1999); D	1	1
United States v. Mariongreen scotus · 1971 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
United States v. Mary Katherine Johnsongreen ca10 · 1997 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001 1 sentence 2001See United States v. Ismaili, 828 F.2d 153, 167-68 (3rd Cir.1987) (citing Marion, 404 U.S. at 325 , 92 S.Ct. 455 , 30 L.Ed.2d 468 ; Lovasco, 431 U.S. at 789-90 , 97 S.Ct. 2044 , 52 L.Ed.2d 752 ), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 935 , 108 S.Ct. 1110 , 99 L.Ed.2d 271 (1988); United States v. Rogers, 118 F.3d 466, 476 (6th Cir.1997) (quoting United States v. Brown, 959 F.2d 63, 66 (6th Cir.1992)) (citing United States v. Atisha, 804 F.2d 920, 928 (6th Cir.1986); Lovasco, 431 U.S. at 786 , 97 S.Ct. 2044 , 52 L.Ed.2d 752 ), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1067 , 107 S.Ct. 955 , 93 L.Ed.2d 1003 (1987); United States	1	1
United States v. John D. Rogersgreen ca6 · 1997 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
United States v. Michael W. Trammellgreen ca10 · 1998 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
Gonzales v. Stategreen nm · 1991 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
United States v. Robert Kye Sturdygreen ca8 · 2000 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
Scott v. Stategreen ark · 1978 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
State v. Sealygreen alacrimapp · 1999 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
State v. Cuevasgreen iowa · 1979 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001	1	1
People v. Smallgreen colo · 1981 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001 1 sentence 2001See, e.g., Alabama v. Sealy, 728 So.2d 657, 661-62 (Crim.App.1997); Arizona v. Williams, 183 Ariz. 368 , 904 P.2d 437, 448 (1995) (en banc); Scott v. Arkansas, 263 Ark. 669 , 566 S.W.2d 737, 740 (1978); People v. Small, 631 P.2d 148, 157 (Colo.1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1101 , 102 S.Ct. 678 , 70 L.Ed.2d 644 ; United States v. Day, 697 A.2d 31, 33-35 (D.C.App.1997); Idaho v. Murphy, 99 Idaho 511 , 584 P.2d 1236, 1239 (1978); Iowa v. Cuevas, 282 N.W.2d 74, 77 (1979); Kansas v. Smallwood, 264 Kan. 69 , 955 P.2d 1209, 1218 (1998); Kirk v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 6 S.W.3d 823, 826-27 (1999); D	1	1
De La Beckwith v. Stategreen miss · 1997 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001 1 sentence 2001See, e.g., Alabama v. Sealy, 728 So.2d 657, 661-62 (Crim.App.1997); Arizona v. Williams, 183 Ariz. 368 , 904 P.2d 437, 448 (1995) (en banc); Scott v. Arkansas, 263 Ark. 669 , 566 S.W.2d 737, 740 (1978); People v. Small, 631 P.2d 148, 157 (Colo.1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1101 , 102 S.Ct. 678 , 70 L.Ed.2d 644 ; United States v. Day, 697 A.2d 31, 33-35 (D.C.App.1997); Idaho v. Murphy, 99 Idaho 511 , 584 P.2d 1236, 1239 (1978); Iowa v. Cuevas, 282 N.W.2d 74, 77 (1979); Kansas v. Smallwood, 264 Kan. 69 , 955 P.2d 1209, 1218 (1998); Kirk v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 6 S.W.3d 823, 826-27 (1999); D	1	1
McCann v. McGinnisgreen md · 1970 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992	1	1
Warfield v. Dorseygreen md · 1874 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992	1	1
Mennonite Board of Missions v. Adamsgreen scotus · 1983 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Maryland. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (30)

Case	Cited	Years
Jones v. State green md · 2004 2 sentences 2005In the absence of 261 such a presumption, the two part test described in Strickland governs, and the appropriate standard of review is that articulated in State v. Jones, 138 Md.App. 178, 209 , 771 A.2d 407 (2001), aff'd, 379 Md. 704 , 843 A.2d 778 (2004): The standard of review of the lower court’s determinations regarding issues of effective assistance of counsel “is a mixed question of law and fact.... ” ... 2005In the absence of 261 such a presumption, the two part test described in Strickland governs, and the appropriate standard of review is that articulated in State v. Jones, 138 Md.App. 178, 209 , 771 A.2d 407 (2001), aff'd, 379 Md. 704 , 843 A.2d 778 (2004): The standard of review of the lower court’s determinations regarding issues of effective assistance of counsel “is a mixed question of law and fact.... ” ...	2	2004–2005
St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance v. Pryseski green md · 1981 2 sentences 1997Paul Fire & Marine Ins. v. Pryseski, 292 Md. 187 , 438 A.2d 282 (1981), the Court articulated a two part test for determining the insurer’s duty to defend. 1997Paul Fire & Marine Ins. v. Pryseski, 292 Md. 187 , 438 A.2d 282 (1981), the Court articulated a two part test for determining the insurer’s duty to defend.	2	1996–1997
JOHN DEERE CONSTRUCTION AND FORESTRY CO. v. Reliable Tractor, Inc. green md · 2008 1 sentence 2020Moreover, “pursuant to Maryland law, a proper retroactive application of a statute requires a two part analysis: first, a determination that the legislature clearly 16 intended the statute to apply retroactively, and second, a determination that retroactive application does not “impair vested rights, deny due process, or violate the prohibition against ex post facto laws.” John Deere, supra, 406 Md. at 145 -46 (quoting Allstate Ins.	1	2020–2020
Gersh v. Ambrose green md · 1981 2 sentences 2011Likewise, a decision-maker/adjudicator, witness, or party in a qmisi-judicial proceeding who makes a defamatory statement in the proceeding is shielded by the privilege, if the proceeding satisfies the two part test of Gersh v. Ambrose, 291 Md. 188 , 434 A.2d 547 (1981). 2011Likewise, a decision-maker/adjudicator, witness, or party in a qmisi-judicial proceeding who makes a defamatory statement in the proceeding is shielded by the privilege, if the proceeding satisfies the two part test of Gersh v. Ambrose, 291 Md. 188 , 434 A.2d 547 (1981).	1	2011–2011
Pahanish v. Western Trails, Inc. green mdctspecapp · 1986 2 sentences 2008Co. v. Chops, 322 Md. 79, 84 , 585 A.2d 232, 234 (1991)(citing Pahanish v. Western Trails, Inc., 69 Md.App. 342, 362 , 517 A.2d 1122 (1986)); see also Geo. 2008Co. v. Chops, 322 Md. 79, 84 , 585 A.2d 232, 234 (1991)(citing Pahanish v. Western Trails, Inc., 69 Md.App. 342, 362 , 517 A.2d 1122 (1986)); see also Geo.	1	2008–2008
State v. Jones green mdctspecapp · 2001 2 sentences 2005In the absence of 261 such a presumption, the two part test described in Strickland governs, and the appropriate standard of review is that articulated in State v. Jones, 138 Md.App. 178, 209 , 771 A.2d 407 (2001), aff'd, 379 Md. 704 , 843 A.2d 778 (2004): The standard of review of the lower court’s determinations regarding issues of effective assistance of counsel “is a mixed question of law and fact.... ” ... 2005In the absence of 261 such a presumption, the two part test described in Strickland governs, and the appropriate standard of review is that articulated in State v. Jones, 138 Md.App. 178, 209 , 771 A.2d 407 (2001), aff'd, 379 Md. 704 , 843 A.2d 778 (2004): The standard of review of the lower court’s determinations regarding issues of effective assistance of counsel “is a mixed question of law and fact.... ” ...	1	2005–2005
Young v. State green md · 2002 1 sentence 2002Also applying an “intent-effects” test, this one a three part one gleaned from Hendricks and United States v. Ursery, 518 U.S. 267, 288 , 116 S.Ct. 2135, 2147 , 135 L.Ed.2d 549, 568 (1996), the majority rejected Young’s argument. 371 Md. at 8, 806 A.2d at 270 .	1	2002–2002
Sweet v. State green md · 2002 1 sentence 2002Also applying an "intent-effects" test, this one a three part one gleaned from Hendricks and United States v. Ursery, 518 U.S. 267, 288 , 116 S.Ct. 2135, 2147 , 135 L.Ed.2d 549, 568 (1996), the majority rejected Young's argument. 371 Md. at 8 , 806 A.2d at 270.	1	2002–2002
De la Beckwith v. Mississippi green scotus · 1998	1	2001–2001
Dreyer v. United States green scotus · 1998 1 sentence 2001See, e.g., Alabama v. Sealy, 728 So.2d 657, 661-62 (Crim.App.1997); Arizona v. Williams, 183 Ariz. 368 , 904 P.2d 437, 448 (1995) (en banc); Scott v. Arkansas, 263 Ark. 669 , 566 S.W.2d 737, 740 (1978); People v. Small, 631 P.2d 148, 157 (Colo.1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1101 , 102 S.Ct. 678 , 70 L.Ed.2d 644 ; United States v. Day, 697 A.2d 31, 33-35 (D.C.App.1997); Idaho v. Murphy, 99 Idaho 511 , 584 P.2d 1236, 1239 (1978); Iowa v. Cuevas, 282 N.W.2d 74, 77 (1979); Kansas v. Smallwood, 264 Kan. 69 , 955 P.2d 1209, 1218 (1998); Kirk v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 6 S.W.3d 823, 826-27 (1999); D	1	2001–2001
United States v. A. Guy Crouch, III and Michael J. Frye green ca5 · 1996	1	2001–2001
Benjamin Henderson Jones v. Ronald J. Angelone, Director, Department of Corrections of the Commonwealth of Virginia green ca4 · 1996 1 sentence 2001Jones, 94 F.3d at 905 .	1	2001–2001
United States v. Scovil red scotus · 1955	1	2001–2001
United States v. Lovasco green scotus · 1977	1	2001–2001
Smallwood v. State green mdctspecapp · 1982	1	2001–2001
Commonwealth v. Daniels green pa · 1978	1	2001–2001
State v. Hamilton green mdctspecapp · 1972	1	2001–2001
West v. Austin green scotus · 1981	1	2001–2001
Neal v. Court of Appeals of Missouri, Southern District green scotus · 1981	1	2001–2001
Vecchio v. Dorfman green scotus · 1981	1	2001–2001
Butler v. United States green scotus · 1986	1	2001–2001
Hill v. Perini green scotus · 1986 1 sentence 2001See United States v. Ismaili, 828 F.2d 153, 167-68 (3rd Cir.1987) (citing Marion, 404 U.S. at 325 , 92 S.Ct. 455 , 30 L.Ed.2d 468 ; Lovasco, 431 U.S. at 789-90 , 97 S.Ct. 2044 , 52 L.Ed.2d 752 ), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 935 , 108 S.Ct. 1110 , 99 L.Ed.2d 271 (1988); United States v. Rogers, 118 F.3d 466, 476 (6th Cir.1997) (quoting United States v. Brown, 959 F.2d 63, 66 (6th Cir.1992)) (citing United States v. Atisha, 804 F.2d 920, 928 (6th Cir.1986); Lovasco, 431 U.S. at 786 , 97 S.Ct. 2044 , 52 L.Ed.2d 752 ), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1067 , 107 S.Ct. 955 , 93 L.Ed.2d 1003 (1987); United States	1	2001–2001
LaGrange v. Jones green scotus · 1986	1	2001–2001
Vreeken v. United States green scotus · 1987	1	2001–2001
Santacroce v. Badgley green scotus · 1987	1	2001–2001
Raschick v. Prudent Supply, Inc. green scotus · 1988 1 sentence 2001See United States v. Ismaili, 828 F.2d 153, 167-68 (3rd Cir.1987) (citing Marion, 404 U.S. at 325 , 92 S.Ct. 455 , 30 L.Ed.2d 468 ; Lovasco, 431 U.S. at 789-90 , 97 S.Ct. 2044 , 52 L.Ed.2d 752 ), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 935 , 108 S.Ct. 1110 , 99 L.Ed.2d 271 (1988); United States v. Rogers, 118 F.3d 466, 476 (6th Cir.1997) (quoting United States v. Brown, 959 F.2d 63, 66 (6th Cir.1992)) (citing United States v. Atisha, 804 F.2d 920, 928 (6th Cir.1986); Lovasco, 431 U.S. at 786 , 97 S.Ct. 2044 , 52 L.Ed.2d 752 ), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1067 , 107 S.Ct. 955 , 93 L.Ed.2d 1003 (1987); United States	1	2001–2001
Perlmutter v. United States green scotus · 1988 1 sentence 2001See United States v. Ismaili, 828 F.2d 153, 167-68 (3rd Cir.1987) (citing Marion, 404 U.S. at 325 , 92 S.Ct. 455 , 30 L.Ed.2d 468 ; Lovasco, 431 U.S. at 789-90 , 97 S.Ct. 2044 , 52 L.Ed.2d 752 ), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 935 , 108 S.Ct. 1110 , 99 L.Ed.2d 271 (1988); United States v. Rogers, 118 F.3d 466, 476 (6th Cir.1997) (quoting United States v. Brown, 959 F.2d 63, 66 (6th Cir.1992)) (citing United States v. Atisha, 804 F.2d 920, 928 (6th Cir.1986); Lovasco, 431 U.S. at 786 , 97 S.Ct. 2044 , 52 L.Ed.2d 752 ), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1067 , 107 S.Ct. 955 , 93 L.Ed.2d 1003 (1987); United States	1	2001–2001
Scott v. Watson green md · 1976	1	1995–1995
California Retail Liquor Dealers Assn. v. Midcal Aluminum, Inc. green scotus · 1980	1	1981–1981
Barker v. Wingo green scotus · 1972	1	1979–1979

Where else courts name it

CT 323 (1980–2026) LA 169 (1982–2024) TX 121 (1973–2024) OH 80 (1998–2026) IN 66 (1983–2024) IL 52 (1979–2026) PA 51 (1981–2025) WA 45 (1999–2025) MS 41 (1987–2024) TN 31 (1997–2018) CA 28 (1976–2026) DE 27 (1979–2025) NC 24 (1987–2026) NJ 23 (1991–2026) OK 16 (1985–2023) MD 15 (1979–2023) WI 15 (1989–2025) OR 14 (1979–2021) MI 12 (1994–2023) MO 12 (1981–2010) SD 11 (1991–2017) CO 11 (1985–2026) GA 11 (1990–2024) VA 11 (1987–2023) UT 10 (1988–2024) IA 9 (1986–2023) FL 8 (1989–2013) AZ 7 (1984–2026) WV 7 (1992–2020) NM 7 (1969–2025) MT 7 (1984–2010) VT 6 (1987–2019) NY 5 (2004–2016) MA 5 (1999–2025) HI 5 (1993–2023) SC 4 (1988–2005) KY 4 (2002–2020) KS 4 (2020–2025) ID 4 (1988–2019) RI 4 (1974–1999) NV 3 (1988–2017) NE 3 (2000–2023) DC 3 (1980–2005) ME 3 (2000–2021) ND 3 (2004–2007) MN 2 (1986–1987) AR 2 (1985–2015)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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