lack immunity in West Virginia

14 West Virginia opinions name it 1 courts 1959–2026 5 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by West Virginia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (9)

Case	Followed	Cited
State v. Millergreen wva · 1995 · cited in 3 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2020–2026 2 sentences 2026We have indicated that when “counsel did not ask for an instruction when given the opportunity to do so and did not object to the lack of an instruction, any error by the trial court is foreclosed from appellate review unless it rises to the level of plain error.” State v. Miller, 194 W. 2023On appeal, the record showed that not 13 only did the defendant never ask for a self-defense instruction or object to the lack of such an instruction, but the defendant’s counsel “explicitly stated that he was satisfied with the instructions as proposed by the court and that he had no objection to any portion of the jury charge.” Id.at 17, 459 S.E.2d at 128 .	2	3
United States v. Rufus Eafie Harrellgreen ca5 · 1970 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2013–2019 2 sentences 2019See e.g., United States v. Harrell, 436 F.2d 606, 617 (5th Cir. 1970) (court’s conclusion of plain error was specifically predicated upon both aggravating circumstances and the absence of any cautionary instructions, as well as the lack of defense objections). (quoting United States v. DeLucca, 630 F.2d 294, 299 (5th Cir. 1980)). 2013See e.g., United States v. Harrell, 436 F.2d 606, 617 (5th Cir.1970) (court’s conclusion of plain error was specifically predicated upon both aggravating circumstances and the absence of any cautionary instructions, as well as the lack of defense objections).	2	2
State Ex Rel. Hoover v. Bergergreen wva · 1997 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024 1 sentence 2024See Syl. pt. 4, Hoover, 199 W.	1	1
Apprendi v. New Jerseygreen scotus · 2000 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022 1 sentence 2022Finally, petitioner argues that, prior to imposition of his life recidivist sentence, a jury needed to have found that the predicate offenses were crimes of actual or potential violence because “[a]ny fact (other than prior conviction) that increases the maximum penalty for a crime must be charged in an indictment, submitted to a jury, and proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 476 (2000) (citation omitted).	1	1
United States v. Joseph R. Delucca, Julio Enrique Perez, Jr. And Manuel Pozo, Defendantsgreen ca5 · 1980 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019 1 sentence 2019See e.g., United States v. Harrell, 436 F.2d 606, 617 (5th Cir. 1970) (court’s conclusion of plain error was specifically predicated upon both aggravating circumstances and the absence of any cautionary instructions, as well as the lack of defense objections). (quoting United States v. DeLucca, 630 F.2d 294, 299 (5th Cir. 1980)).	1	1
United States v. Charles C. Ojukwa, A/K/A Charles C. Ojukwugreen ca7 · 1983 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013 1 sentence 2013See also United States v. Ojukwa, 712 F.2d 1192, 1193-94 (7th Cir.1983) (rejecting a defendant’s argument that reversible error occurred because the trial court failed to give a limiting instruction, observing that “when ‘defense counsel does not request that a curative instruction be given, the failure of the trial judge to give one will not require reversal.”’); State v. Ross, 951 P.2d 236, 239 (Utah Ct.App.1997) (addressing the issue of whether it was plain error for a trial court to fail to give a limiting instruction under similar factual circumstances, and observing that a “majority of c	1	1
State v. Rossgreen utahctapp · 1997 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013 1 sentence 2013See also United States v. Ojukwa, 712 F.2d 1192, 1193-94 (7th Cir.1983) (rejecting a defendant’s argument that reversible error occurred because the trial court failed to give a limiting instruction, observing that “when ‘defense counsel does not request that a curative instruction be given, the failure of the trial judge to give one will not require reversal.”’); State v. Ross, 951 P.2d 236, 239 (Utah Ct.App.1997) (addressing the issue of whether it was plain error for a trial court to fail to give a limiting instruction under similar factual circumstances, and observing that a “majority of c	1	1
United States v. Timothy Lynn Calverleygreen ca5 · 1994 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995 1 sentence 1995United States v. Calverley, 37 F.3d 160, 162 (5th Cir.1994) (en banc), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 1266 , 131 L.Ed.2d 145 (1995).	1	1
Waite v. Civil Service Commissiongreen wva · 1978 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1979–1979 1 sentence 1979See, Syl. pt. 5, Waite v. Civil Service Commission, supra. Reversed and remanded.	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in West Virginia. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (17)

Case	Cited	Years
SER WVU Hospitals, Inc. and WV United Health System v. Honorable Phillip D. Gaujot green wva · 2019 1 sentence 2022Ibid.	1	2022–2022
Easterling v. American Optical Corp. green wva · 2000 1 sentence 2015Id. (internal quotations and citations omitted).	1	2015–2015
Hamilton v. West Virginia Secondary Schools Activities Commission neutral wva · 1989 2 sentences 2008Based on the lack of inquiry into whether an athlete’s nonparticipation in sports was intentional as opposed to academic in origin, we concluded that the SSAC redshirting rule exceeded the “Commission’s legitimate authority to promulgate ‘reasonable’ regulations for school sports.” Hamilton, 182 W.Va. at 161 , 386 S.E.2d at 659 (quoting W.Va.Code § 18-2-25); see also 96 supra n. 17 (citing authority for challenging legislative rules issued in excess of statutory authority). 2008Based on the lack of inquiry into whether an athlete’s nonparticipation in sports was intentional as opposed to academic in origin, we concluded that the SSAC redshirting rule exceeded the “Commission’s legitimate authority to promulgate ‘reasonable’ regulations for school sports.” Hamilton, 182 W.Va. at 161 , 386 S.E.2d at 659 (quoting W.Va.Code § 18-2-25); see also 96 supra n. 17 (citing authority for challenging legislative rules issued in excess of statutory authority).	1	2008–2008
Ogungbe v. United States green scotus · 1995 1 sentence 1995United States v. Calverley, 37 F.3d 160, 162 (5th Cir.1994) (en banc), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 1266 , 131 L.Ed.2d 145 (1995).	1	1995–1995
Curtis v. United States green scotus · 1995 1 sentence 1995United States v. Calverley, 37 F.3d 160, 162 (5th Cir.1994) (en banc), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 1266 , 131 L.Ed.2d 145 (1995).	1	1995–1995
Frampton v. Consolidated Bus Lines, Inc. neutral wva · 1950 2 sentences 1980In Syllabus Point 7 of Frampton v. Consolidated Bus Lines, 134 W.Va. 815 , 62 S.E.2d 126 (1950), we said: “In the absence of a joint enterprise, the negligence of the driver of a motor vehicle cannot be imputed to the guest passenger in the vehicle.” In Syllabus Point 8 of the same case, we said: 357 “The relationship of joint enterprise between the owner of an automobile driving the same and a guest passenger in the vehicle is not established by the mere fact that the driver and passenger were riding together to the same destination for a common purpose, where the passenger had no voice in d 1980In Syllabus Point 7 of Frampton v. Consolidated Bus Lines, 134 W.Va. 815 , 62 S.E.2d 126 (1950), we said: “In the absence of a joint enterprise, the negligence of the driver of a motor vehicle cannot be imputed to the guest passenger in the vehicle.” In Syllabus Point 8 of the same case, we said: 357 “The relationship of joint enterprise between the owner of an automobile driving the same and a guest passenger in the vehicle is not established by the mere fact that the driver and passenger were riding together to the same destination for a common purpose, where the passenger had no voice in d	1	1980–1980
State v. Foley green wva · 1945 2 sentences 1980In Syllabus Point 7 of Frampton v. Consolidated Bus Lines, 134 W.Va. 815 , 62 S.E.2d 126 (1950), we said: “In the absence of a joint enterprise, the negligence of the driver of a motor vehicle cannot be imputed to the guest passenger in the vehicle.” In Syllabus Point 8 of the same case, we said: 357 “The relationship of joint enterprise between the owner of an automobile driving the same and a guest passenger in the vehicle is not established by the mere fact that the driver and passenger were riding together to the same destination for a common purpose, where the passenger had no voice in d 1980In Syllabus Point 7 of Frampton v. Consolidated Bus Lines, 134 W.Va. 815 , 62 S.E.2d 126 (1950), we said: “In the absence of a joint enterprise, the negligence of the driver of a motor vehicle cannot be imputed to the guest passenger in the vehicle.” In Syllabus Point 8 of the same case, we said: 357 “The relationship of joint enterprise between the owner of an automobile driving the same and a guest passenger in the vehicle is not established by the mere fact that the driver and passenger were riding together to the same destination for a common purpose, where the passenger had no voice in d	1	1980–1980
Federal Crop Insurance v. Decell neutral miss · 1955 2 sentences 1959Construction Co. v. Commonwealth, 334 Mass. 232 , 135 N. E. 2d 539 ; State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich, 194 Miss. 119 , 11 So. 2d 437 ; National Home For Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish, 229 U. S. 494 , 33 S. Ct. 944 , 57 L. ed. 1296; State v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority, 8 Wash. 2d 337 , 112 P. 2d 135 ; Miller v. Robertson, 266 U. S. 243 , 45 S. Ct. 73 , 69 L. ed. 265; Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation, 206 F. 2d 220 ; Federal Crop Insurance Corporation v. De Cell, 222 Miss. 643 , 76 So. 2d 826 ; Wilson v. County Commissioners, 23 F. 129 . 1959Construction Co. v. Commonwealth, 334 Mass. 232 , 135 N. E. 2d 539 ; State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich, 194 Miss. 119 , 11 So. 2d 437 ; National Home For Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish, 229 U. S. 494 , 33 S. Ct. 944 , 57 L. ed. 1296; State v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority, 8 Wash. 2d 337 , 112 P. 2d 135 ; Miller v. Robertson, 266 U. S. 243 , 45 S. Ct. 73 , 69 L. ed. 265; Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation, 206 F. 2d 220 ; Federal Crop Insurance Corporation v. De Cell, 222 Miss. 643 , 76 So. 2d 826 ; Wilson v. County Commissioners, 23 F. 129 .	1	1959–1959
National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish green scotus · 1913 2 sentences 1959Construction Co. v. Commonwealth, 334 Mass. 232 , 135 N. E. 2d 539 ; State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich, 194 Miss. 119 , 11 So. 2d 437 ; National Home For Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish, 229 U. S. 494 , 33 S. Ct. 944 , 57 L. ed. 1296; State v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority, 8 Wash. 2d 337 , 112 P. 2d 135 ; Miller v. Robertson, 266 U. S. 243 , 45 S. Ct. 73 , 69 L. ed. 265; Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation, 206 F. 2d 220 ; Federal Crop Insurance Corporation v. De Cell, 222 Miss. 643 , 76 So. 2d 826 ; Wilson v. County Commissioners, 23 F. 129 . 1959Construction Co. v. Commonwealth, 334 Mass. 232 , 135 N. E. 2d 539 ; State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich, 194 Miss. 119 , 11 So. 2d 437 ; National Home For Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish, 229 U. S. 494 , 33 S. Ct. 944 , 57 L. ed. 1296; State v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority, 8 Wash. 2d 337 , 112 P. 2d 135 ; Miller v. Robertson, 266 U. S. 243 , 45 S. Ct. 73 , 69 L. ed. 265; Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation, 206 F. 2d 220 ; Federal Crop Insurance Corporation v. De Cell, 222 Miss. 643 , 76 So. 2d 826 ; Wilson v. County Commissioners, 23 F. 129 .	1	1959–1959
Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation green ca5 · 1953 1 sentence 1959Construction Co. v. Commonwealth, 334 Mass. 232 , 135 N. E. 2d 539 ; State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich, 194 Miss. 119 , 11 So. 2d 437 ; National Home For Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish, 229 U. S. 494 , 33 S. Ct. 944 , 57 L. ed. 1296; State v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority, 8 Wash. 2d 337 , 112 P. 2d 135 ; Miller v. Robertson, 266 U. S. 243 , 45 S. Ct. 73 , 69 L. ed. 265; Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation, 206 F. 2d 220 ; Federal Crop Insurance Corporation v. De Cell, 222 Miss. 643 , 76 So. 2d 826 ; Wilson v. County Commissioners, 23 F. 129 .	1	1959–1959
Miller v. Robertson green scotus · 1924 2 sentences 1959Construction Co. v. Commonwealth, 334 Mass. 232 , 135 N. E. 2d 539 ; State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich, 194 Miss. 119 , 11 So. 2d 437 ; National Home For Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish, 229 U. S. 494 , 33 S. Ct. 944 , 57 L. ed. 1296; State v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority, 8 Wash. 2d 337 , 112 P. 2d 135 ; Miller v. Robertson, 266 U. S. 243 , 45 S. Ct. 73 , 69 L. ed. 265; Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation, 206 F. 2d 220 ; Federal Crop Insurance Corporation v. De Cell, 222 Miss. 643 , 76 So. 2d 826 ; Wilson v. County Commissioners, 23 F. 129 . 1959Construction Co. v. Commonwealth, 334 Mass. 232 , 135 N. E. 2d 539 ; State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich, 194 Miss. 119 , 11 So. 2d 437 ; National Home For Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish, 229 U. S. 494 , 33 S. Ct. 944 , 57 L. ed. 1296; State v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority, 8 Wash. 2d 337 , 112 P. 2d 135 ; Miller v. Robertson, 266 U. S. 243 , 45 S. Ct. 73 , 69 L. ed. 265; Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation, 206 F. 2d 220 ; Federal Crop Insurance Corporation v. De Cell, 222 Miss. 643 , 76 So. 2d 826 ; Wilson v. County Commissioners, 23 F. 129 .	1	1959–1959
Board of Com'rs v. Geer neutral · 1901 1 sentence 1959For additional authorities which are deemed precedents for the Commission’s lack of immunity from liability for interest on the coupons of bonds issued by it, see: Board of Com’rs of Ouray County v. Geer, 108 F. 478 ; Roswell Drainage District v. Parker, 53 F. (2d) 793; Rusciano v. State, 110 N.Y.S. 2d 770 ; C. & R.	1	1959–1959
State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich green miss · 1943 2 sentences 1959Construction Co. v. Commonwealth, 334 Mass. 232 , 135 N. E. 2d 539 ; State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich, 194 Miss. 119 , 11 So. 2d 437 ; National Home For Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish, 229 U. S. 494 , 33 S. Ct. 944 , 57 L. ed. 1296; State v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority, 8 Wash. 2d 337 , 112 P. 2d 135 ; Miller v. Robertson, 266 U. S. 243 , 45 S. Ct. 73 , 69 L. ed. 265; Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation, 206 F. 2d 220 ; Federal Crop Insurance Corporation v. De Cell, 222 Miss. 643 , 76 So. 2d 826 ; Wilson v. County Commissioners, 23 F. 129 . 1959Construction Co. v. Commonwealth, 334 Mass. 232 , 135 N. E. 2d 539 ; State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich, 194 Miss. 119 , 11 So. 2d 437 ; National Home For Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish, 229 U. S. 494 , 33 S. Ct. 944 , 57 L. ed. 1296; State v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority, 8 Wash. 2d 337 , 112 P. 2d 135 ; Miller v. Robertson, 266 U. S. 243 , 45 S. Ct. 73 , 69 L. ed. 265; Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation, 206 F. 2d 220 ; Federal Crop Insurance Corporation v. De Cell, 222 Miss. 643 , 76 So. 2d 826 ; Wilson v. County Commissioners, 23 F. 129 .	1	1959–1959
Rusciano & Son Corp. v. State neutral nyclaimsct · 1952 1 sentence 1959For additional authorities which are deemed precedents for the Commission’s lack of immunity from liability for interest on the coupons of bonds issued by it, see: Board of Com’rs of Ouray County v. Geer, 108 F. 478 ; Roswell Drainage District v. Parker, 53 F. (2d) 793; Rusciano v. State, 110 N.Y.S. 2d 770 ; C. & R.	1	1959–1959
C. & R. CONSTRUCTION CO. v. Commonwealth green mass · 1956 2 sentences 1959Construction Co. v. Commonwealth, 334 Mass. 232 , 135 N. E. 2d 539 ; State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich, 194 Miss. 119 , 11 So. 2d 437 ; National Home For Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish, 229 U. S. 494 , 33 S. Ct. 944 , 57 L. ed. 1296; State v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority, 8 Wash. 2d 337 , 112 P. 2d 135 ; Miller v. Robertson, 266 U. S. 243 , 45 S. Ct. 73 , 69 L. ed. 265; Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation, 206 F. 2d 220 ; Federal Crop Insurance Corporation v. De Cell, 222 Miss. 643 , 76 So. 2d 826 ; Wilson v. County Commissioners, 23 F. 129 . 1959Construction Co. v. Commonwealth, 334 Mass. 232 , 135 N. E. 2d 539 ; State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich, 194 Miss. 119 , 11 So. 2d 437 ; National Home For Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish, 229 U. S. 494 , 33 S. Ct. 944 , 57 L. ed. 1296; State v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority, 8 Wash. 2d 337 , 112 P. 2d 135 ; Miller v. Robertson, 266 U. S. 243 , 45 S. Ct. 73 , 69 L. ed. 265; Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation, 206 F. 2d 220 ; Federal Crop Insurance Corporation v. De Cell, 222 Miss. 643 , 76 So. 2d 826 ; Wilson v. County Commissioners, 23 F. 129 .	1	1959–1959
State Ex Rel. Pacific Bridge Co. v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority neutral wash · 1941 2 sentences 1959Construction Co. v. Commonwealth, 334 Mass. 232 , 135 N. E. 2d 539 ; State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich, 194 Miss. 119 , 11 So. 2d 437 ; National Home For Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish, 229 U. S. 494 , 33 S. Ct. 944 , 57 L. ed. 1296; State v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority, 8 Wash. 2d 337 , 112 P. 2d 135 ; Miller v. Robertson, 266 U. S. 243 , 45 S. Ct. 73 , 69 L. ed. 265; Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation, 206 F. 2d 220 ; Federal Crop Insurance Corporation v. De Cell, 222 Miss. 643 , 76 So. 2d 826 ; Wilson v. County Commissioners, 23 F. 129 . 1959Construction Co. v. Commonwealth, 334 Mass. 232 , 135 N. E. 2d 539 ; State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich, 194 Miss. 119 , 11 So. 2d 437 ; National Home For Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish, 229 U. S. 494 , 33 S. Ct. 944 , 57 L. ed. 1296; State v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority, 8 Wash. 2d 337 , 112 P. 2d 135 ; Miller v. Robertson, 266 U. S. 243 , 45 S. Ct. 73 , 69 L. ed. 265; Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation, 206 F. 2d 220 ; Federal Crop Insurance Corporation v. De Cell, 222 Miss. 643 , 76 So. 2d 826 ; Wilson v. County Commissioners, 23 F. 129 .	1	1959–1959
Wilson v. Neal neutral uscirct · 1885 1 sentence 1959Construction Co. v. Commonwealth, 334 Mass. 232 , 135 N. E. 2d 539 ; State Highway Commission v. Wunderlich, 194 Miss. 119 , 11 So. 2d 437 ; National Home For Disabled Volunteer Soldiers v. Parrish, 229 U. S. 494 , 33 S. Ct. 944 , 57 L. ed. 1296; State v. Washington Toll Bridge Authority, 8 Wash. 2d 337 , 112 P. 2d 135 ; Miller v. Robertson, 266 U. S. 243 , 45 S. Ct. 73 , 69 L. ed. 265; Broward County Port Authority v. Arundel Corporation, 206 F. 2d 220 ; Federal Crop Insurance Corporation v. De Cell, 222 Miss. 643 , 76 So. 2d 826 ; Wilson v. County Commissioners, 23 F. 129 .	1	1959–1959

Where else courts name it

TX 241 (1968–2026) CA 230 (1943–2026) OH 112 (1981–2025) PA 86 (1927–2026) WA 74 (1974–2025) IL 72 (1908–2026) NY 53 (1898–2023) FL 49 (1973–2026) NJ 44 (1941–2026) GA 43 (1964–2024) MS 41 (1965–2024) IN 40 (1975–2026) MO 40 (1942–2024) MI 37 (1914–2025) MA 34 (1947–2023) LA 25 (1967–2020) CT 25 (1943–2024) OK 24 (1932–2020) MN 24 (1975–2024) IA 21 (1975–2025) OR 21 (1988–2024) MD 20 (1951–2025) VT 18 (1977–2025) NC 18 (1973–2022) CO 18 (1991–2026) AZ 16 (1970–2024) KS 16 (1904–2024) NM 16 (1929–2024) WI 15 (1963–2025) AL 15 (1968–2025) UT 15 (1988–2026) TN 14 (1984–2021) WV 14 (1959–2026) DC 14 (1976–2023) ND 12 (1955–2021) KY 11 (1940–2026) HI 9 (1962–2023) WY 8 (1986–2019) RI 8 (1980–2010) NE 7 (1981–2026) NH 7 (1970–2023) MT 7 (1899–2025) VA 6 (1950–2010) NV 6 (1939–2021) ME 6 (1985–2025) SD 5 (2007–2020) SC 5 (1984–2002) AK 5 (1980–2015) ID 4 (1987–2023) AR 3 (1987–2018) DE 3 (1962–2025) GU 2 (2021–2022)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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