agency rule (Illinois) · Go Syfert
← Illinois issues

agency rule in Illinois

89 Illinois opinions name it 2 courts 1906–2025 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Illinois courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (26)

CaseFollowedCited
Brown v. Chicago Park Districtgreen
illappct · 1998 · cited in 4 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
2 sentences

1999App. 3d 579, 588 , 701 N.E.2d 135, 142 (1998). “ ‘Courts apply the same rules of construction used in construing statutes when interpreting the meaning of an agency rule.’ [Citation.]” Brown v. Chicago Park District, 296 Ill.

1999App. 3d 867 , 874- 75, 695 N.E.2d 1315, 1320 (1998). "'Courts apply the same rules of con struction used in construing statutes when interpreting the meaning of an agency rule.' Board of Trustees , 274 Ill.

44
Castaneda v. Illinois Human Rights Commissiongreen
ill · 1989 · cited in 8 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2003–2022
2 sentences

2022See id. at 328 ([T]he fact that there are clear indications that the agency may or will rule adversely is generally inadequate to terminate the administrative process or to avoid the exhaustion requirement.) We need not address this exception any further, beyond referring to the discussion above.

2021Although these statements from the License Appeal Commission may indicate that outright reversal would be unlikely upon plaintiffs’ filing of a petition for rehearing, these statements do not imply that outright affirmance would be guaranteed. “[T]he fact that there are clear indications that the agency may or will rule adversely is generally inadequate to terminate the administrative process or to avoid the exhaustion requirement.” Castaneda, 132 Ill. 2d at 328 . ¶ 31 Indeed, plaintiffs could have filed a petition for rehearing and attempted to re-argue how revocation as a punishment should b

38
White v. ILLINOIS DEPT. OF EMPLOYMENT SEC.green
illappct · 1994 · cited in 3 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1995–1999
2 sentences

1999App. 3d at 153. 'Each provision must be construed in connec tion with every other provision to produce a harmonious whole.' White v. Department of Employment Security , 264 Ill.

1999App. 3d at 153. ‘Each provision must be construed in connection with every other provision to produce a harmonious whole.’ White v. Department of Employment Security, 264 Ill.

23
Hadley v. Illinois Department of Correctionsgreen
ill · 2007 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011See Hadley v. Illinois Department of Corrections, 224 Ill.2d 365, 370 , 309 Ill.Dec. 296 , 864 N.E.2d 162 (2007) (whether an agency rule appropriately implements a statute or conflicts with it raises an issue of law subject to de novo review).

2011See Hadley v. Illinois Department of Corrections, 224 Ill.2d 365, 370 , 309 Ill.Dec. 296 , 864 N.E.2d 162 (2007) (whether an agency rule appropriately implements a statute or conflicts with it raises an issue of law subject to de novo review).

22
Bank of Lyons v. Schultzgreen
ill · 1980 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011See, e.g., Bank of Lyons v. Schultz, 78 Ill.2d 235, 242 , 35 Ill.Dec. 758 , 399 N.E.2d 1286 (1980) ( res judicata did not bar a plaintiff's claim for malicious *117 prosecution because no action for that claim could have arisen until a favorable judgment was obtained in the plaintiff's favor in the underlying suit); City of Chicago v. Midland Smelting Co., 385 Ill.

2011See, e.g., Bank of Lyons v. Schultz, 78 Ill.2d 235, 242 , 35 Ill.Dec. 758 , 399 N.E.2d 1286 (1980) ( res judicata did not bar a plaintiff's claim for malicious *117 prosecution because no action for that claim could have arisen until a favorable judgment was obtained in the plaintiff's favor in the underlying suit); City of Chicago v. Midland Smelting Co., 385 Ill.

22
Djikas v. Grafftgreen
illappct · 2003 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011See Djikas v. Grafft, 344 Ill.App.3d 1, 13-14 , 279 Ill.Dec. 84 , 799 N.E.2d 887 (2003) ("an application for fees and costs may be brought at any time where it is outside the issues in the underlying judgment and the statute sets no time limit for seeking the expenses" ( Town of Libertyville v. Bank of Waukegan, 152 Ill.App.3d 1066, 1073 , 105 Ill.Dec. 787 , 504 N.E.2d 1305 (1987))). ¶ 17 We believe plaintiff's complaint for litigation expenses was properly brought as a collateral proceeding to the underlying litigation.

2011See Djikas v. Grafft, 344 Ill.App.3d 1, 13-14 , 279 Ill.Dec. 84 , 799 N.E.2d 887 (2003) ("an application for fees and costs may be brought at any time where it is outside the issues in the underlying judgment and the statute sets no time limit for seeking the expenses" ( Town of Libertyville v. Bank of Waukegan, 152 Ill.App.3d 1066, 1073 , 105 Ill.Dec. 787 , 504 N.E.2d 1305 (1987))). ¶ 17 We believe plaintiff's complaint for litigation expenses was properly brought as a collateral proceeding to the underlying litigation.

22
Village of Orland Hills v. Citizens Utilities Co.green
illappct · 2004 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008Non-home-rule municipalities must derive their authority to act from the legislature (Village of Orland Hills v. Citizens Utilities Co. of Illinois, 347 Ill.

2008Non-home-rule municipalities must derive their authority to act from the legislature (Village of Orland Hills v. Citizens Utilities Co. of Illinois, 347 Ill.App.3d 504, 519 , 282 Ill.Dec. 966 , 807 N.E.2d 590 (2004)), and thus they "possess only those powers expressly granted, powers incident to those expressly granted, and powers indispensable to accomplish the municipalit[ies'] purposes" ( Thompson v. Village of Newark, 329 Ill.App.3d 536, 539 , 263 Ill.Dec. 775 , 768 N.E.2d 856 (2002)).

22
People v. Jacobsgreen
ill · 1975 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See also People v. Jacobs, 61 Ill. 2d 590, 592 (1975) (“From the record before us it appears that the defendant has been deprived of his right to direct appeal as a consequence of circumstances over which he had little, if any, control”); accord People v. Mims, 82 Ill. 2d 63, 66 (1980); People v. Aliwoli, 60 Ill. 2d 579, 582 (1975).

2008See also People v. Jacobs, 61 Ill. 2d 590, 592 (1975) (“From the record before us it appears that the defendant has been deprived of his right to direct appeal as a consequence of circumstances over which he had little, if any, control”); accord People v. Mims, 82 Ill. 2d 63, 66 (1980); People v. Aliwoli, 60 Ill. 2d 579, 582 (1975).

22
People v. Mimsgreen
ill · 1980 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See also People v. Jacobs, 61 Ill. 2d 590, 592 (1975) (“From the record before us it appears that the defendant has been deprived of his right to direct appeal as a consequence of circumstances over which he had little, if any, control”); accord People v. Mims, 82 Ill. 2d 63, 66 (1980); People v. Aliwoli, 60 Ill. 2d 579, 582 (1975).

2008See also People v. Jacobs, 61 Ill. 2d 590, 592 (1975) (“From the record before us it appears that the defendant has been deprived of his right to direct appeal as a consequence of circumstances over which he had little, if any, control”); accord People v. Mims, 82 Ill. 2d 63, 66 (1980); People v. Aliwoli, 60 Ill. 2d 579, 582 (1975).

22
People v. Aliwoligreen
ill · 1975 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See also People v. Jacobs, 61 Ill. 2d 590, 592 (1975) (“From the record before us it appears that the defendant has been deprived of his right to direct appeal as a consequence of circumstances over which he had little, if any, control”); accord People v. Mims, 82 Ill. 2d 63, 66 (1980); People v. Aliwoli, 60 Ill. 2d 579, 582 (1975).

2008See also People v. Jacobs, 61 Ill. 2d 590, 592 (1975) (“From the record before us it appears that the defendant has been deprived of his right to direct appeal as a consequence of circumstances over which he had little, if any, control”); accord People v. Mims, 82 Ill. 2d 63, 66 (1980); People v. Aliwoli, 60 Ill. 2d 579, 582 (1975).

22
AEH Construction, Inc. v. Department of Laborgreen
illappct · 2001 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
2 sentences

2003"However, the fact that there are clear indications that the agency may or will rule adversely is generally inadequate to terminate the administrative process or to avoid the exhaustion requirement." Castaneda, 132 Ill.2d at 328 , 138 Ill.Dec. 270 , 547 N.E.2d 437 (and cases cited therein); see AEH Construction, 318 Ill.App.3d at 1163 , 252 Ill.Dec. 946 , 743 N.E.2d 1102 .

2003“However, the fact that there are clear indications that the agency may or will rule adversely is generally inadequate to terminate the administrative process or to avoid the exhaustion requirement.” Castaneda, 132 Ill. 2d at 328 (and cases cited therein); see AEH Construction, 318 Ill.

22
Stull v. Department of Children & Family Servicesgreen
illappct · 1992 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002Due process requires the agency to provide a hearing “at a ‘meaningful time.’ ” Stull v. Department of Children & Family Services, 239 Ill.

2002Due process requires the agency to provide a hearing "at a 'meaningful time.'" Stull v. Department of Children & Family Services , 239 Ill.

22
McTigue v. Personnel Bd. of Chicagogreen
illappct · 1998 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
2 sentences

1999App. 3d 579, 588 , 701 N.E.2d 135, 142 (1998). “ ‘Courts apply the same rules of construction used in construing statutes when interpreting the meaning of an agency rule.’ [Citation.]” Brown v. Chicago Park District, 296 Ill.

1999App. 3d 579, 588 , 701 N.E.2d 135, 142 (1998). "'Courts apply the same rules of construction used in construing statutes when interpreting the meaning of an agency rule.' [Citation.]" Brown v. Chicago Park District, 296 Ill.

22
Beahringer v. Pagegreen
ill · 2003 · cited in 3 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2008–2020
2 sentences

2020According to defendant, based on DOC’s treatment of his request for eight hours of weekly therapy, “it would be the definition of futility for the Defendant to continue grieving his concerns with his treatment and care, as the Department clearly believes it has full authority over decisions regarding the Defendant’s care and treatment.” However, “ ‘the fact that there are clear indications that the agency may or will rule adversely is generally inadequate to terminate the administrative process or to avoid the exhaustion requirement.’ ” Beahringer v. Page, 204 Ill. 2d 363, 378 (2003) (quoting

2008A party will not be required to exhaust his or her administrative remedies when it would be patently useless to do so. [Citation.] ‘However, the fact that there are clear indications that the agency may or will rule adversely is generally inadequate to terminate the administrative process or to avoid the exhaustion requirement.’ ” Beahringer, 204 Ill. 2d at 378 .

13
Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Boardgreen
illappct · 1995 · cited in 3 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1998–2011
2 sentences

2011See Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 274 Ill.App.3d 145, 148 , 210 Ill.Dec. 687 , 653 N.E.2d 882 (an agency rule or regulation which conflicts with a statute is invalid).

2011See Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 274 Ill.App.3d 145, 148 , 210 Ill.Dec. 687 , 653 N.E.2d 882 (an agency rule or regulation which conflicts with a statute is invalid).

13
King v. Justice Partygreen
illappct · 1996 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
11
Oliveira-Brooks v. Re/Max International, Inc.green
illappct · 2007 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
Village of Roselle v. Roselle Police Pension Boardgreen
illappct · 2008 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Town of Libertyville v. Bank of Waukegangreen
illappct · 1987 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
11
Strategic Energy, LLC v. Illinois Commerce Commissiongreen
illappct · 2006 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Rosecky v. Department of Public Aidgreen
illappct · 1987 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Mobil Oil Corp. v. Johnsongreen
ill · 1982 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Lentz v. McMahongreen
cal · 1989 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Kramarevcky v. Department of Social & Health Servicesgreen
wash · 1993 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Greil v. Travelodge International, Inc.green
illappct · 1989 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
11
County of Kane v. Carlsongreen
illappct · 1986 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Illinois. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (54)

CaseCitedYears
Consolidation Coal Co. v. Department of Labor neutral
illappct · 1985
2 sentences

1989App. 3d 541 , 485 N.E.2d 1102 , for the proposition if there is an agency rule or statute which provides for rehearing, an agency decision is not appealable until (and, apparently, unless) the aggrieved party requests rehearing and his petition is denied.

1989Stat. 1987, ch. 68, par. 8 — 107(F)(1)), although citing Danison and Jackson Park Yacht Club as contrary authority, the court concluded: “[T]he weight of authority and, in our judgment, the better authority holds that ‘[i]f there is an agency rule or statute which provides for a rehearing, then an agency decision is not appeal-able until the aggrieved party requests rehearing and his petition is denied.’ (Consolidation Coal Co. v. Department of Labor (1985), 138 Ill.

31988–1989
Newkirk v. Bigard green
ill · 1985
2 sentences

1987(Newkirk v. Bigard (1985), 109 Ill. 2d 28, 35 , 485 N.E.2d 321 ; Landfill, Inc. v. Pollution Control Board (1978), 74 Ill. 2d 541, 549-50 , 387 N.E.2d 258 .) An exception to the general rule exists, however, where the agency rule or order is being challenged on its face as not being authorized by statute.

1987(Newkirk v. Bigard (1985), 109 Ill. 2d 28, 35 , 485 N.E.2d 321 ; Landfill, Inc. v. Pollution Control Board (1978), 74 Ill. 2d 541, 549-50 , 387 N.E.2d 258 .) An exception to the general rule exists, however, where the agency rule or order is being challenged on its face as not being authorized by statute.

21987–2018
Environmental Protection Agency v. Pollution Control Board green
ill · 1977
2 sentences

2017Id. at 397 , 372 N.E.2d at 51 .

2017Id. at 397 , 372 N.E.2d at 51 .

22017–2017
City of Chicago v. Midland Smelting Co. green
illappct · 2008
2 sentences

2011See, e.g., Bank of Lyons v. Schultz, 78 Ill. 2d 235, 242 , 399 N.E.2d 1286 (1980) (res judicata did not bar a plaintiff’s claim for malicious prosecution because no action for that claim could have arisen until a favorable judgment was obtained in the plaintiff’s favor in the underlying suit); City of Chicago v. Midland Smelting Co., 385 Ill.

2011See, e.g., Bank of Lyons v. Schultz, 78 Ill.2d 235, 242 , 35 Ill.Dec. 758 , 399 N.E.2d 1286 (1980) ( res judicata did not bar a plaintiff's claim for malicious *117 prosecution because no action for that claim could have arisen until a favorable judgment was obtained in the plaintiff's favor in the underlying suit); City of Chicago v. Midland Smelting Co., 385 Ill.

22011–2011
The PEOPLE v. Brown green
ill · 1968
2 sentences

2008This distinction in itself mitigates against inflexibly applying this agency rule to waive substantive rights of defendants in criminal prosecutions.” Brown, 39 Ill. 2d at 310-11 .

2008This distinction in itself mitigates against inflexibly applying this agency rule to waive substantive rights of defendants in criminal prosecutions.” Brown, 39 Ill. 2d at 310-11 .

22008–2008
Alternate Fuels, Inc. v. Director of Illinois Environmental Protection Agency green
ill · 2005
2 sentences

2007The circuit court denied the Agency’s motion to dismiss and later granted Alternate Fuels’ motion for summary judgment, “finding that the materials were not ‘wastes’ because they were not discarded.” Alternate Fuels, 215 Ill. 2d at 229 , 830 N.E.2d at 449-50 .

2007The circuit court denied the Agency’s motion to dismiss and later granted Alternate Fuels’ motion for summary judgment, “finding that the materials were not ‘wastes’ because they were not discarded.” Alternate Fuels, 215 Ill. 2d at 229 , 830 N.E.2d at 449-50 .

22007–2007
Alternate Fuels, Inc. v. Director of the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Opinion text corrected neutral
illappct · 2003
2 sentences

2005Both parties appealed, and the appellate court affirmed the rulings of the trial court. 337 Ill.

2005Both parties appealed, and the appellate court affirmed the rulings of the trial court. 337 Ill.App.3d 857 , 272 Ill.Dec. 229 , 786 N.E.2d 1063 (2003).

22005–2005
cluster 288864 green
ca7 · 1970
2 sentences

2005Ill. 1968), aff'd , 422 F.2d 1132 (7th Cir. 1970). “[T]he fact that there are clear indications that the agency may or will rule adversely is generally inadequate to terminate the administrative process or to avoid the exhaustion requirement.” Castaneda , 132 Ill. 2d at 328 .

2005Ill. 1968), aff’d, 422 F.2d 1132 (7th Cir. 1970). “[T]he fact that there are clear indications that the agency may or will rule adversely is generally inadequate to terminate the administrative process or to avoid the exhaustion requirement.” Castaneda, 132 Ill. 2d at 328 .

22005–2005
Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill green
scotus · 1985
2 sentences

2002Due process requires the agency to provide a hearing "at a `meaningful time.'" Stull v. Department of Children & Family Services, 239 Ill.App.3d 325, 335 , 179 Ill.Dec. 954 , 606 N.E.2d 786, 793 (1992), quoting Loudermill, 470 U.S. at 547 , 105 S.Ct. at 1496 , 84 L.Ed.2d at 507 .

2002Due process requires the agency to provide a hearing "at a `meaningful time.'" Stull v. Department of Children & Family Services, 239 Ill.App.3d 325, 335 , 179 Ill.Dec. 954 , 606 N.E.2d 786, 793 (1992), quoting Loudermill, 470 U.S. at 547 , 105 S.Ct. at 1496 , 84 L.Ed.2d at 507 .

22002–2002
Halleck v. Coastal Building Maintenance Co. green
illappct · 1995
2 sentences

2000Halleck, 269 Ill.App.3d at 893 , 207 Ill.Dec. 387 , 647 N.E.2d 618 .

2000Halleck, 269 Ill.

22000–2000
Securities & Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corp. green
scotus · 1947
2 sentences

1993App. 3d 435, 447-48 , 478 N.E.2d 1369, 1378 , as follows: “The issue of whether an agency standard should be cast immediately into the mold of a general rule or whether the agency should proceed on a more informal basis adjusting its standards as the need arises was addressed by the United States Supreme Court in Securities & Exchange Com. v. Chenery Corp. (1947), 332 U.S. 194 , 91 L.

1993App. 3d 435, 447-48 , 478 N.E.2d 1369, 1378 , as follows: “The issue of whether an agency standard should be cast immediately into the mold of a general rule or whether the agency should proceed on a more informal basis adjusting its standards as the need arises was addressed by the United States Supreme Court in Securities & Exchange Com. v. Chenery Corp. (1947), 332 U.S. 194 , 91 L.

21985–1993
Landfill, Inc. v. Pollution Control Board green
ill · 1979
2 sentences

1987(Newkirk v. Bigard (1985), 109 Ill. 2d 28, 35 , 485 N.E.2d 321 ; Landfill, Inc. v. Pollution Control Board (1978), 74 Ill. 2d 541, 549-50 , 387 N.E.2d 258 .) An exception to the general rule exists, however, where the agency rule or order is being challenged on its face as not being authorized by statute.

1987(Newkirk v. Bigard (1985), 109 Ill. 2d 28, 35 , 485 N.E.2d 321 ; Landfill, Inc. v. Pollution Control Board (1978), 74 Ill. 2d 541, 549-50 , 387 N.E.2d 258 .) An exception to the general rule exists, however, where the agency rule or order is being challenged on its face as not being authorized by statute.

21985–1987
Oliver v. Civil Service Commission green
illappct · 1967
2 sentences

1980App. 2d 329 , 224 N.E.2d 671 .) If there is an agency rule or statute which provides for a rehearing, “then an agency decision is not an appealable ‘administrative decision until the aggrieved party requests rehearing and his petition is denied.” Oliver v. Civil Service Com. (1967), 80 Ill.

1980App. 2d 329 , 224 N.E.2d 671 .) If there is an agency rule or statute which provides for a rehearing, “then an agency decision is not an appealable ‘administrative decision until the aggrieved party requests rehearing and his petition is denied.” Oliver v. Civil Service Com. (1967), 80 Ill.

21975–1980
Merchants' National Bank v. Nichols & Shepard Co. green
ill · 1906
2 sentences

1958Bank v. Nichols & Shepard Co., 223 Ill. 41 , which was decided on an agency principle.

1958Bank v. Nichols & Shepard Co., 223 Ill. 41 , which was decided on an agency principle.

21958–1958
Daka v. Director of Employment Security green
illappct · 2025
1 sentence

2025Daka had an obligation to certify truthfully, and he failed to do so; his obligation is not discharged by the agency error in approving his initial benefits application. - 17 - 2025 IL App (2d) 240294 ¶ 54 Daka also argues that his mistake does not amount to fraud, but this argument incorrectly assumes that fault can be established only by fraud.

12025–2025
Dahan v. UHS of Bethesda, Inc. green
illappct · 1998
12020–2020
Hammer v. Barth green
illappct · 2016
12020–2020
HPI Health Care Services, Inc. v. Mt. Vernon Hospital, Inc. green
illappct · 1988
12019–2019
People v. Saunders green
illappct · 1997
12018–2018
Julie Q. v. Department of Children and Family Services green
illappct · 2011
12012–2012
Thompson v. Village of Newark green
illappct · 2002
12008–2008
Northrop v. Lopatka green
illappct · 1993
12006–2006
Oak Liquors, Inc. v. Zagel green
illappct · 1980
11996–1996
Granite City Division of National Steel Co. v. Illinois Pollution Control Board green
ill · 1993
11995–1995
Henize v. Giles green
ohio · 1986
11995–1995
Salisbury v. Chapman Realty green
illappct · 1984
11995–1995
Slates v. International House of Pancakes, Inc. green
illappct · 1980
11995–1995
John Sexton Contractors Co. v. Pollution Control Board green
illappct · 1990
11994–1994
City of Chicago v. Illinois Commerce Commission green
illappct · 1985
11993–1993
People of the State of Illinois v. Stroud green
illappct · 1967
11992–1992
Creamer v. Police Pension Fund Board green
illappct · 1979
11989–1989
Castaneda v. Human Rights Commission green
illappct · 1988
11989–1989
Northwestern University v. City of Evanston green
ill · 1978
11989–1989
Hetzer v. State Police Merit Board green
illappct · 1977
11989–1989
Ellison v. Kane County Sheriff's Office Merit Commission green
illappct · 1982
11989–1989
Inland Steel Mortgage Acceptance Corp. v. Carlson green
illappct · 1987
11989–1989
Newkirk v. Bigard green
scotus · 1986
11989–1989
Smith v. Solfest neutral
illappct · 1978
11988–1988
Burke v. Board of Review green
illappct · 1985
11988–1988
Danison v. Paley green
illappct · 1976
11988–1988

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-615 (6) IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-619 (6) IL § 735 ILCS 5/3-101 (6) IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-701 (5) IL § 225 ILCS 85/1 (4) IL § 325 ILCS 5/3 (4) IL § 415 ILCS 5/21 (4) IL § 5 ILCS 315/1 (4) IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-1005 (4) IL § 745 ILCS 70/1 (4) IL § 745 ILCS 70/12 (4) IL § 775 ILCS 35/1 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

NY 373 (1857–2026) TX 172 (1919–2025) CA 155 (1929–2025) WY 122 (1979–2025) WA 91 (1970–2026) IL 89 (1906–2025) FL 81 (1974–2026) OH 71 (1938–2026) OR 65 (1932–2025) IA 59 (1923–2023) MD 50 (1963–2022) NJ 46 (1955–2026) HI 45 (1987–2025) CT 41 (1919–2026) PA 36 (1958–2025) MA 34 (1965–2026) MO 30 (1885–2022) WI 30 (1975–2022) CO 28 (1983–2026) DC 27 (1967–2025) LA 26 (1962–2020) GA 22 (1975–2023) MI 19 (1957–2026) TN 18 (1932–2023) MN 16 (1901–2023) RI 15 (1979–2011) AL 14 (1939–2017) NE 13 (1984–2016) IN 13 (1861–2019) AR 12 (1983–2023) OK 12 (1924–2021) SD 11 (1979–2021) NC 11 (1977–2024) ME 10 (2000–2025) AZ 10 (1972–2025) WV 10 (1993–2023) KS 10 (1995–2011) NM 10 (1984–2025) AK 9 (1980–2025) VT 9 (1983–2025) NV 8 (1914–2011) ND 8 (1985–2000) DE 8 (1928–2022) ID 8 (1971–2024) UT 8 (1988–2024) MS 6 (1985–2010) VA 6 (1921–2024) KY 5 (1934–2025) SC 4 (2002–2018) NH 4 (2001–2023) MT 3 (1993–2017)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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