damage requirement (Colorado) · Go Syfert
← Colorado issues

damage requirement in Colorado

11 Colorado opinions name it 2 courts 1971–2010 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Colorado courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (6)

CaseFollowedCited
Donahue v. PIKES PEAK AUTOMOBILE COMPANYgreen
colo · 1962 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
2 sentences

2004Co., 150 Colo. 281, 287 , 372 P.2d 443, 446 (1962)(quoting Rule v. McGregor, 117 Iowa 419 , 90 N.W. 811 (1902)).

2004Co., 150 Colo. 281, 287 , 372 P.2d 443, 446 (1962)(quoting Rule v. McGregor, 117 Iowa 419 , 90 N.W. 811 (1902)).

11
People v. Kinggreen
coloctapp · 1982 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
1 sentence

1992See People v. King, 648 P.2d 173 (Colo.1982).

11
Franklin Enterprises Corp. v. Mooregreen
nysupct · 1962 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1990–1990
2 sentences

1990See Franklin Enterprises Corp. v. Moore, 34 Misc.2d 594 , 226 N.Y.S.2d 527 (1962); Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. James, 231 Ala. 295 , 164 So. 377 (1935); California Credit & Collection Corp. v. Goodin, 76 Cal.App. 785 , 246 P. 121 (1926); Parker v. Naylor, 151 S.W. 1096 (Tex.Civ.App.1912); Fox v. Label, 66 Conn. 397 , 34 A. 101 (1895); Stuart v. Lester, 49 Hun. 58 , 1 N.Y.S. 699 (1888).

1990See Franklin Enterprises Corp. v. Moore, 34 Misc.2d 594 , 226 N.Y.S.2d 527 (1962); Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. James, 231 Ala. 295 , 164 So. 377 (1935); California Credit & Collection Corp. v. Goodin, 76 Cal.App. 785 , 246 P. 121 (1926); Parker v. Naylor, 151 S.W. 1096 (Tex.Civ.App.1912); Fox v. Label, 66 Conn. 397 , 34 A. 101 (1895); Stuart v. Lester, 49 Hun. 58 , 1 N.Y.S. 699 (1888).

11
Mountain Mobile Mix, Inc. v. Giffordgreen
colo · 1983 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
1 sentence

1985See Frackelton, 662 P.2d at 1063 ("It is only necessary that `two or more persons become jointly or severally liable in tort for the same injury to person or property.'") (emphasis added); Mountain Mobile Mix, 660 P.2d at 889 ("Historically, the doctrine of joint and several liability places the full obligation to pay damages on each and every defendant .... [The Act] opted to retain this rule.") (emphasis added); Miller v. Singer, 131 Colo. 112, 116 , 279 P.2d 846, 848 (1955) ("[A]ll those who actively participate in any manner in the commission of a tort are jointly and severally liable ther

11
Miller v. Singergreen
colo · 1955 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
2 sentences

1985See Frackelton, 662 P.2d at 1063 ("It is only necessary that `two or more persons become jointly or severally liable in tort for the same injury to person or property.'") (emphasis added); Mountain Mobile Mix, 660 P.2d at 889 ("Historically, the doctrine of joint and several liability places the full obligation to pay damages on each and every defendant .... [The Act] opted to retain this rule.") (emphasis added); Miller v. Singer, 131 Colo. 112, 116 , 279 P.2d 846, 848 (1955) ("[A]ll those who actively participate in any manner in the commission of a tort are jointly and severally liable ther

1985See Frackelton, 662 P.2d at 1063 ("It is only necessary that `two or more persons become jointly or severally liable in tort for the same injury to person or property.'") (emphasis added); Mountain Mobile Mix, 660 P.2d at 889 ("Historically, the doctrine of joint and several liability places the full obligation to pay damages on each and every defendant .... [The Act] opted to retain this rule.") (emphasis added); Miller v. Singer, 131 Colo. 112, 116 , 279 P.2d 846, 848 (1955) ("[A]ll those who actively participate in any manner in the commission of a tort are jointly and severally liable ther

11
National Farmers Union Property & Casualty Co. v. Frackeltongreen
colo · 1983 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
2 sentences

1985See Frackelton, 662 P.2d at 1063 ("It is only necessary that `two or more persons become jointly or severally liable in tort for the same injury to person or property.'") (emphasis added); Mountain Mobile Mix, 660 P.2d at 889 ("Historically, the doctrine of joint and several liability places the full obligation to pay damages on each and every defendant .... [The Act] opted to retain this rule.") (emphasis added); Miller v. Singer, 131 Colo. 112, 116 , 279 P.2d 846, 848 (1955) ("[A]ll those who actively participate in any manner in the commission of a tort are jointly and severally liable ther

1985See Frackelton, 662 P.2d at 1063 (“It is only necessary that ‘two or more persons become jointly or severally liable in tort for the same injury to person or property.’ ”) (emphasis added); Mountain Mobile Mix, 660 P.2d at 889 (“Historically, the doctrine of joint and several liability places the full obligation to pay damages on each and every defendant.... [The Act] opted to retain this rule.”) (emphasis added); Miller v. Singer, 131 Colo. 112, 116 , 279 P.2d 846, 848 (1955) (“[A]ll those who actively participate in any manner in the commission of a tort are jointly and severally liable ther

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (1)

CaseNegativeCited
Animas Valley Sand & Gravel, Inc. v. Board of County Commissionersgreen
colo · 2001 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010But see Animas Valley, 38 P.3d at 63 (limiting the damage clause in a regulatory taking case to situations in which the damage "is caused by government activity in areas adjacent to the landowner's land").

11

Also cited on this issue (21)

CaseCitedYears
Rule v. McGregor neutral
iowa · 1902
2 sentences

2004Co., 150 Colo. 281, 287 , 372 P.2d 443, 446 (1962)(quoting Rule v. McGregor, 117 Iowa 419 , 90 N.W. 811 (1902)).

2004Co., 150 Colo. 281, 287 , 372 P.2d 443, 446 (1962)(quoting Rule v. McGregor, 117 Iowa 419 , 90 N.W. 811 (1902)).

12004–2004
Horton v. Reaves green
colo · 1974
2 sentences

1992Horton v. Reaves, 186 Colo. 149 , 526 P.2d 304 (1974).

1992Horton v. Reaves, 186 Colo. 149 , 526 P.2d 304 (1974).

11992–1992
Gonderman v. State Exchange Bank, Roann green
indctapp · 1975
2 sentences

1990Many that have recognized the distinction have nullified the damage requirement of the defense by holding that damage is inherent in particular instances of fraud, see Gonderman v. State Exchange Bank, 166 Ind.App. 181 , 334 N.E.2d 724 (1975); Schoen v. Lange, 256 S.W.2d 277 (Mo.App.1953); Petty v. Pacific, 210 N.C. 500 , 187 S.E. 816 (1936); Nipper v. Griffin Mercantile Co., 37 Ga.App. 211 , 120 S.E. 439 (1923), or by implying injury whenever the misrepresentation is material.

1990Many that have recognized the distinction have nullified the damage requirement of the defense by holding that damage is inherent in particular instances of fraud, see Gonderman v. State Exchange Bank, 166 Ind.App. 181 , 334 N.E.2d 724 (1975); Schoen v. Lange, 256 S.W.2d 277 (Mo.App.1953); Petty v. Pacific, 210 N.C. 500 , 187 S.E. 816 (1936); Nipper v. Griffin Mercantile Co., 37 Ga.App. 211 , 120 S.E. 439 (1923), or by implying injury whenever the misrepresentation is material.

11990–1990
Jernigan v. Georgia Railway & Power Co. green
gactapp · 1923
2 sentences

1990Many that have recognized the distinction have nullified the damage requirement of the defense by holding that damage is inherent in particular instances of fraud, see Gonderman v. State Exchange Bank, 166 Ind.App. 181 , 334 N.E.2d 724 (1975); Schoen v. Lange, 256 S.W.2d 277 (Mo.App. 1953); Petty v. Pacific, 210 N.C. 500 , 187 S.E. 816 (1936); Nipper v. Griffin Mercantile Co., 37 Ga.App. 211 , 120 S.E. 439 (1923), or by implying injury whenever the misrepresentation is material.

1990Many that have recognized the distinction have nullified the damage requirement of the defense by holding that damage is inherent in particular instances of fraud, see Gonderman v. State Exchange Bank, 166 Ind.App. 181 , 334 N.E.2d 724 (1975); Schoen v. Lange, 256 S.W.2d 277 (Mo.App.1953); Petty v. Pacific, 210 N.C. 500 , 187 S.E. 816 (1936); Nipper v. Griffin Mercantile Co., 37 Ga.App. 211 , 120 S.E. 439 (1923), or by implying injury whenever the misrepresentation is material.

11990–1990
Gilmore v. Chevrolet Motor Co. neutral
gactapp · 1927
2 sentences

1990Many that have recognized the distinction have nullified the damage requirement of the defense by holding that damage is inherent in particular instances of fraud, see Gonderman v. State Exchange Bank, 166 Ind.App. 181 , 334 N.E.2d 724 (1975); Schoen v. Lange, 256 S.W.2d 277 (Mo.App. 1953); Petty v. Pacific, 210 N.C. 500 , 187 S.E. 816 (1936); Nipper v. Griffin Mercantile Co., 37 Ga.App. 211 , 120 S.E. 439 (1923), or by implying injury whenever the misrepresentation is material.

1990Many that have recognized the distinction have nullified the damage requirement of the defense by holding that damage is inherent in particular instances of fraud, see Gonderman v. State Exchange Bank, 166 Ind.App. 181 , 334 N.E.2d 724 (1975); Schoen v. Lange, 256 S.W.2d 277 (Mo.App.1953); Petty v. Pacific, 210 N.C. 500 , 187 S.E. 816 (1936); Nipper v. Griffin Mercantile Co., 37 Ga.App. 211 , 120 S.E. 439 (1923), or by implying injury whenever the misrepresentation is material.

11990–1990
Fox v. Tabel green
conn · 1895
2 sentences

1990See Franklin Enterprises Corp. v. Moore, 34 Misc.2d 594 , 226 N.Y.S.2d 527 (1962); Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. James, 231 Ala. 295 , 164 So. 377 (1935); California Credit & Collection Corp. v. Goodin, 76 Cal.App. 785 , 246 P. 121 (1926); Parker v. Naylor, 151 S.W. 1096 (Tex.Civ.App.1912); Fox v. Label, 66 Conn. 397 , 34 A. 101 (1895); Stuart v. Lester, 49 Hun. 58 , 1 N.Y.S. 699 (1888).

1990See Franklin Enterprises Corp. v. Moore, 34 Misc.2d 594 , 226 N.Y.S.2d 527 (1962); Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. James, 231 Ala. 295 , 164 So. 377 (1935); California Credit & Collection Corp. v. Goodin, 76 Cal.App. 785 , 246 P. 121 (1926); Parker v. Naylor, 151 S.W. 1096 (Tex.Civ.App.1912); Fox v. Label, 66 Conn. 397 , 34 A. 101 (1895); Stuart v. Lester, 49 Hun. 58 , 1 N.Y.S. 699 (1888).

11990–1990
Schoen v. Lange green
moctapp · 1953
2 sentences

1990Many that have recognized the distinction have nullified the damage requirement of the defense by holding that damage is inherent in particular instances of fraud, see Gonderman v. State Exchange Bank, 166 Ind.App. 181 , 334 N.E.2d 724 (1975); Schoen v. Lange, 256 S.W.2d 277 (Mo.App. 1953); Petty v. Pacific, 210 N.C. 500 , 187 S.E. 816 (1936); Nipper v. Griffin Mercantile Co., 37 Ga.App. 211 , 120 S.E. 439 (1923), or by implying injury whenever the misrepresentation is material.

1990Many that have recognized the distinction have nullified the damage requirement of the defense by holding that damage is inherent in particular instances of fraud, see Gonderman v. State Exchange Bank, 166 Ind.App. 181 , 334 N.E.2d 724 (1975); Schoen v. Lange, 256 S.W.2d 277 (Mo.App.1953); Petty v. Pacific, 210 N.C. 500 , 187 S.E. 816 (1936); Nipper v. Griffin Mercantile Co., 37 Ga.App. 211 , 120 S.E. 439 (1923), or by implying injury whenever the misrepresentation is material.

11990–1990
Petty v. Pacific Mutual Life Insurance neutral
nc · 1936
2 sentences

1990Many that have recognized the distinction have nullified the damage requirement of the defense by holding that damage is inherent in particular instances of fraud, see Gonderman v. State Exchange Bank, 166 Ind.App. 181 , 334 N.E.2d 724 (1975); Schoen v. Lange, 256 S.W.2d 277 (Mo.App.1953); Petty v. Pacific, 210 N.C. 500 , 187 S.E. 816 (1936); Nipper v. Griffin Mercantile Co., 37 Ga.App. 211 , 120 S.E. 439 (1923), or by implying injury whenever the misrepresentation is material.

1990Many that have recognized the distinction have nullified the damage requirement of the defense by holding that damage is inherent in particular instances of fraud, see Gonderman v. State Exchange Bank, 166 Ind.App. 181 , 334 N.E.2d 724 (1975); Schoen v. Lange, 256 S.W.2d 277 (Mo.App.1953); Petty v. Pacific, 210 N.C. 500 , 187 S.E. 816 (1936); Nipper v. Griffin Mercantile Co., 37 Ga.App. 211 , 120 S.E. 439 (1923), or by implying injury whenever the misrepresentation is material.

11990–1990
Parker v. Naylor green
texapp · 1912
2 sentences

1990See Franklin Enterprises Corp. v. Moore, 34 Misc.2d 594 , 226 N.Y.S.2d 527 (1962); Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. James, 231 Ala. 295 , 164 So. 377 (1935); California Credit & Collection Corp. v. Goodin, 76 Cal.App. 785 , 246 P. 121 (1926); Parker v. Naylor, 151 S.W. 1096 (Tex.Civ.App.1912); Fox v. Tabel, 66 Conn. 397 , 34 A. 101 (1895); Stuart v. Lester, 49 Hun. 58 , 1 N.Y.S. 699 (1888).

1990See Franklin Enterprises Corp. v. Moore, 34 Misc.2d 594 , 226 N.Y.S.2d 527 (1962); Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. James, 231 Ala. 295 , 164 So. 377 (1935); California Credit & Collection Corp. v. Goodin, 76 Cal.App. 785 , 246 P. 121 (1926); Parker v. Naylor, 151 S.W. 1096 (Tex.Civ.App.1912); Fox v. Label, 66 Conn. 397 , 34 A. 101 (1895); Stuart v. Lester, 49 Hun. 58 , 1 N.Y.S. 699 (1888).

11990–1990
Stuart v. Lester neutral
nysupct · 1888
2 sentences

1990See Franklin Enterprises Corp. v. Moore, 34 Misc.2d 594 , 226 N.Y.S.2d 527 (1962); Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. James, 231 Ala. 295 , 164 So. 377 (1935); California Credit & Collection Corp. v. Goodin, 76 Cal.App. 785 , 246 P. 121 (1926); Parker v. Naylor, 151 S.W. 1096 (Tex.Civ.App.1912); Fox v. Tabel, 66 Conn. 397 , 34 A. 101 (1895); Stuart v. Lester, 49 Hun. 58 , 1 N.Y.S. 699 (1888).

1990See Franklin Enterprises Corp. v. Moore, 34 Misc.2d 594 , 226 N.Y.S.2d 527 (1962); Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. James, 231 Ala. 295 , 164 So. 377 (1935); California Credit & Collection Corp. v. Goodin, 76 Cal.App. 785 , 246 P. 121 (1926); Parker v. Naylor, 151 S.W. 1096 (Tex.Civ.App.1912); Fox v. Label, 66 Conn. 397 , 34 A. 101 (1895); Stuart v. Lester, 49 Hun. 58 , 1 N.Y.S. 699 (1888).

11990–1990
Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. James neutral
ala · 1935
2 sentences

1990See Franklin Enterprises Corp. v. Moore, 34 Misc.2d 594 , 226 N.Y.S.2d 527 (1962); Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. James, 231 Ala. 295 , 164 So. 377 (1935); California Credit & Collection Corp. v. Goodin, 76 Cal.App. 785 , 246 P. 121 (1926); Parker v. Naylor, 151 S.W. 1096 (Tex.Civ.App.1912); Fox v. Label, 66 Conn. 397 , 34 A. 101 (1895); Stuart v. Lester, 49 Hun. 58 , 1 N.Y.S. 699 (1888).

1990See Franklin Enterprises Corp. v. Moore, 34 Misc.2d 594 , 226 N.Y.S.2d 527 (1962); Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. James, 231 Ala. 295 , 164 So. 377 (1935); California Credit & Collection Corp. v. Goodin, 76 Cal.App. 785 , 246 P. 121 (1926); Parker v. Naylor, 151 S.W. 1096 (Tex.Civ.App.1912); Fox v. Label, 66 Conn. 397 , 34 A. 101 (1895); Stuart v. Lester, 49 Hun. 58 , 1 N.Y.S. 699 (1888).

11990–1990
California Credit & Collection Corp. v. Goodin green
calctapp · 1926
2 sentences

1990See Franklin Enterprises Corp. v. Moore, 34 Misc.2d 594 , 226 N.Y.S.2d 527 (1962); Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. James, 231 Ala. 295 , 164 So. 377 (1935); California Credit & Collection Corp. v. Goodin, 76 Cal.App. 785 , 246 P. 121 (1926); Parker v. Naylor, 151 S.W. 1096 (Tex.Civ.App.1912); Fox v. Label, 66 Conn. 397 , 34 A. 101 (1895); Stuart v. Lester, 49 Hun. 58 , 1 N.Y.S. 699 (1888).

1990See Franklin Enterprises Corp. v. Moore, 34 Misc.2d 594 , 226 N.Y.S.2d 527 (1962); Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. James, 231 Ala. 295 , 164 So. 377 (1935); California Credit & Collection Corp. v. Goodin, 76 Cal.App. 785 , 246 P. 121 (1926); Parker v. Naylor, 151 S.W. 1096 (Tex.Civ.App.1912); Fox v. Label, 66 Conn. 397 , 34 A. 101 (1895); Stuart v. Lester, 49 Hun. 58 , 1 N.Y.S. 699 (1888).

11990–1990
Berryman v. Berryman green
colo · 1946
2 sentences

1984Furthermore, Silvercool’s claim that it was inadequately notified of the amounts that would be sought, see Berryman v. Berryman, 115 Colo. 281 , 172 P.2d 446 (1946), is belied by the fact that even in its original complaint plaintiffs made clear that they would seek whatever damages *468 were appropriate based on the evidence at trial.

1984Furthermore, Silvercool’s claim that it was inadequately notified of the amounts that would be sought, see Berryman v. Berryman, 115 Colo. 281 , 172 P.2d 446 (1946), is belied by the fact that even in its original complaint plaintiffs made clear that they would seek whatever damages *468 were appropriate based on the evidence at trial.

11984–1984
Hoehne Ditch Co. v. John Flood Ditch Co. green
colo · 1925
2 sentences

1981Kg., Hoehne Ditch Co. v. John Flood Ditch Co., 76 Colo. 500 , 233 P. 167 (1925); Comfort Homes, Inc. v. Peterson, supra. Although the amount of damages sustained by the city is an issue not before us at this time, we point out that the city’s damage claim involves matters to be resolved at trial on the basis of a fully developed evidentiary record.

1981Kg., Hoehne Ditch Co. v. John Flood Ditch Co., 76 Colo. 500 , 233 P. 167 (1925); Comfort Homes, Inc. v. Peterson, supra. Although the amount of damages sustained by the city is an issue not before us at this time, we point out that the city’s damage claim involves matters to be resolved at trial on the basis of a fully developed evidentiary record.

11981–1981
Farrell v. State green
fladistctapp · 1975
1 sentence

1976Trimble v. State, supra ; Farrell v. State, 317 So.2d 142 (Fla.App.1975).

11976–1976
Maloney v. Jussel green
colo · 1952
2 sentences

1973Citing Maloney v. Jussel, 125 Colo. 125 , 241 P.2d 862 , Fulton contends that we must, therefore, affirm the judgment.

1973Citing Maloney v. Jussel, 125 Colo. 125 , 241 P.2d 862 , Fulton contends that we must, therefore, affirm the judgment.

11973–1973
Lehrer v. Lorenzen green
colo · 1951
2 sentences

1971Harman v. Chase, 160 Colo. 449 , 417 P.2d 784 ; Kogul v. Sonheim, 150 Colo. 316 , 372 P.2d 731 ; Herbertson v. Russell, 150 Colo. 110 , 371 P.2d 422 ; Lehrer v. Lorenzen, 124 Colo. 17 , 233 P.2d 382 ; Pierce v. Conners, 20 Colo. 178 , 37 P. 721 .

1971Harman v. Chase, 160 Colo. 449 , 417 P.2d 784 ; Kogul v. Sonheim, 150 Colo. 316 , 372 P.2d 731 ; Herbertson v. Russell, 150 Colo. 110 , 371 P.2d 422 ; Lehrer v. Lorenzen, 124 Colo. 17 , 233 P.2d 382 ; Pierce v. Conners, 20 Colo. 178 , 37 P. 721 .

11971–1971
Harman v. Chase neutral
colo · 1966
2 sentences

1971Harman v. Chase, 160 Colo. 449 , 417 P.2d 784 ; Kogul v. Sonheim, 150 Colo. 316 , 372 P.2d 731 ; Herbertson v. Russell, 150 Colo. 110 , 371 P.2d 422 ; Lehrer v. Lorenzen, 124 Colo. 17 , 233 P.2d 382 ; Pierce v. Conners, 20 Colo. 178 , 37 P. 721 .

1971Harman v. Chase, 160 Colo. 449 , 417 P.2d 784 ; Kogul v. Sonheim, 150 Colo. 316 , 372 P.2d 731 ; Herbertson v. Russell, 150 Colo. 110 , 371 P.2d 422 ; Lehrer v. Lorenzen, 124 Colo. 17 , 233 P.2d 382 ; Pierce v. Conners, 20 Colo. 178 , 37 P. 721 .

11971–1971
Herbertson v. Russell green
colo · 1962
2 sentences

1971Harman v. Chase, 160 Colo. 449 , 417 P.2d 784 ; Kogul v. Sonheim, 150 Colo. 316 , 372 P.2d 731 ; Herbertson v. Russell, 150 Colo. 110 , 371 P.2d 422 ; Lehrer v. Lorenzen, 124 Colo. 17 , 233 P.2d 382 ; Pierce v. Conners, 20 Colo. 178 , 37 P. 721 .

1971Harman v. Chase, 160 Colo. 449 , 417 P.2d 784 ; Kogul v. Sonheim, 150 Colo. 316 , 372 P.2d 731 ; Herbertson v. Russell, 150 Colo. 110 , 371 P.2d 422 ; Lehrer v. Lorenzen, 124 Colo. 17 , 233 P.2d 382 ; Pierce v. Conners, 20 Colo. 178 , 37 P. 721 .

11971–1971
Pierce v. Conners green
colo · 1894
1 sentence

1971Harman v. Chase, 160 Colo. 449 , 417 P.2d 784 ; Kogul v. Sonheim, 150 Colo. 316 , 372 P.2d 731 ; Herbertson v. Russell, 150 Colo. 110 , 371 P.2d 422 ; Lehrer v. Lorenzen, 124 Colo. 17 , 233 P.2d 382 ; Pierce v. Conners, 20 Colo. 178 , 37 P. 721 .

11971–1971
Kogul v. Sonheim green
colo · 1962
2 sentences

1971Harman v. Chase, 160 Colo. 449 , 417 P.2d 784 ; Kogul v. Sonheim, 150 Colo. 316 , 372 P.2d 731 ; Herbertson v. Russell, 150 Colo. 110 , 371 P.2d 422 ; Lehrer v. Lorenzen, 124 Colo. 17 , 233 P.2d 382 ; Pierce v. Conners, 20 Colo. 178 , 37 P. 721 .

1971Harman v. Chase, 160 Colo. 449 , 417 P.2d 784 ; Kogul v. Sonheim, 150 Colo. 316 , 372 P.2d 731 ; Herbertson v. Russell, 150 Colo. 110 , 371 P.2d 422 ; Lehrer v. Lorenzen, 124 Colo. 17 , 233 P.2d 382 ; Pierce v. Conners, 20 Colo. 178 , 37 P. 721 .

11971–1971

Where else courts name it

OH 106 (1940–2013) MO 69 (1954–2020) CA 59 (1929–2024) NJ 50 (1956–2020) NY 41 (1928–2025) LA 40 (1935–2022) TX 36 (1948–2021) IL 28 (1889–2016) FL 21 (1988–2026) VA 20 (1968–2015) MD 18 (1972–2019) WA 17 (1930–2025) ND 16 (1983–2023) MA 16 (1981–2016) IA 16 (1974–2025) IN 15 (1890–2019) WI 14 (1969–2020) AZ 13 (1977–2018) KY 12 (1966–2026) KS 12 (1988–2015) GA 12 (1929–2017) CO 11 (1971–2010) SD 11 (1990–2021) OK 10 (1985–2016) PA 9 (1953–2015) MN 9 (1982–2018) ID 9 (1911–2011) TN 8 (1967–2015) MI 8 (1974–2021) WV 8 (1983–2017) OR 8 (1891–2012) AK 7 (1981–2012) CT 7 (1931–2015) MT 6 (1957–2008) DE 6 (1996–2025) NM 6 (1979–2023) WY 5 (1963–2022) AR 5 (1918–1998) MS 5 (1979–2010) AL 5 (1997–2023) NV 4 (1978–2014) DC 4 (1955–2010) UT 3 (2013–2026) NE 3 (1983–2018) RI 2 (2001–2004) SC 2 (1967–1975) NC 2 (2022–2022) HI 2 (2007–2008)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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