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10 Connecticut opinions name it 3 courts 1992–2025 1 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Connecticut courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Maurice B. Pharr v. Thomas R. Israel, Warden, Defendant-Respondentgreen2 sentences2001See, e.g., United States v. Jackson, 726 F.2d 1466, 1469-70 (9th Cir. 1984); Pharr v. Israel, 629 F.2d 1278, 1282 (7th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1088 , 101 S. Ct. 880 , 66 L. 1993See, e.g., United States v. Jackson, 726 F.2d 1466, 1469-70 (9th Cir. 1984); Pharr v. Israel, 629 F.2d 1278, 1282 (7th Cir. 1980); Catches v. United States, 582 F.2d 453, 459 (8th Cir. 1978); People v. McGregor, 635 P.2d 912, 914 (Colo. App. 1981); Wright v. United States, 588 A.2d 260, 262 (D.C. | 2 | 2 |
United States v. Cecil Lovell Jacksongreen2 sentences2001See, e.g., United States v. Jackson, 726 F.2d 1466, 1469-70 (9th Cir. 1984); Pharr v. Israel, 629 F.2d 1278, 1282 (7th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1088 , 101 S. Ct. 880 , 66 L. 1993See, e.g., United States v. Jackson, 726 F.2d 1466, 1469-70 (9th Cir. 1984); Pharr v. Israel, 629 F.2d 1278, 1282 (7th Cir. 1980); Catches v. United States, 582 F.2d 453, 459 (8th Cir. 1978); People v. McGregor, 635 P.2d 912, 914 (Colo. App. 1981); Wright v. United States, 588 A.2d 260, 262 (D.C. | 2 | 2 |
People v. McGregorgreen2 sentences1993See, e.g., United States v. Jackson, 726 F.2d 1466, 1469-70 (9th Cir. 1984); Pharr v. Israel, 629 F.2d 1278, 1282 (7th Cir. 1980); Catches v. United States, 582 F.2d 453, 459 (8th Cir. 1978); People v. McGregor, 635 P.2d 912, 914 (Colo. App. 1981); Wright v. United States, 588 A.2d 260, 262 (D.C. 1992Among the decisions that have followed the reasonable efforts instruction in either its pure or hybrid forms are; People v. McGregor, 635 P.2d 912, 914 (Colo. App. 1981); State v. Yamashira, 8 Hawaii App. 595 , 817 P.2d 123 (1991); State v. Ferriera, 8 Hawaii App. 1 , 791 P.2d 407 (1990); State v. Korbel, 231 Kan. 657, 661 , 647 P.2d 1301 (1982); People v. Handley, 415 Mich. 356, 358-60 , 329 N.W.2d 710 (1982); State v. Thomas, 401 Ohio St. 3d 213 , 218-20, 533 N.E.2d 286 (1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 826 , 110 S. Ct. 89 , 107 L. | 2 | 2 |
United States v. Andrew Tsanasgreen2 sentences1993The Appellate Court, by a five to two vote, after having considered the merits of both the acquittal first and the reasonable efforts instructions, rather than cast its lot definitively with either instruction, adopted what it termed the “optional approach” articulated by the Second Circuit Court of Appeals in United States v. Tsanas, 572 F.2d 340, 346 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 995 , 98 S. Ct. 1647 , 56 L. 1992A survey of the cases discloses that other jurisdictions are divided on the subject, some requiring the acquittal first instruction, 2 and others mandating the reasonable efforts instruction. 3 Good arguments exist for either instruction and we would be faced with a Scylla and Charybdis choice were it not for the existence of a third option created in United States v. Tsanas, 572 F.2d 340, 346 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 995 , 98 S. Ct. 1647 , 56 L. | 2 | 2 |
State v. Sawyergreen2 sentences1993The Appellate Court noted: “Although we favor the reasonable efforts instruction and would like to see its adoption in Connecticut, we cannot conclude that it is mandated by law.” State v. Sawyer, 29 Conn. App. 68, 75-76 , 614 A.2d 471 (1992). 1993The Appellate Court noted: “Although we favor the reasonable efforts instruction and would like to see its adoption in Connecticut, we cannot conclude that it is mandated by law.” State v. Sawyer, 29 Conn. App. 68, 75-76 , 614 A.2d 471 (1992). | 1 | 2 |
Dale Francis Catches v. United Statesgreen1 sentence1993See, e.g., United States v. Jackson, 726 F.2d 1466, 1469-70 (9th Cir. 1984); Pharr v. Israel, 629 F.2d 1278, 1282 (7th Cir. 1980); Catches v. United States, 582 F.2d 453, 459 (8th Cir. 1978); People v. McGregor, 635 P.2d 912, 914 (Colo. App. 1981); Wright v. United States, 588 A.2d 260, 262 (D.C. | 1 | 1 |
Wright v. United Statesgreen1 sentence1993See, e.g., United States v. Jackson, 726 F.2d 1466, 1469-70 (9th Cir. 1984); Pharr v. Israel, 629 F.2d 1278, 1282 (7th Cir. 1980); Catches v. United States, 582 F.2d 453, 459 (8th Cir. 1978); People v. McGregor, 635 P.2d 912, 914 (Colo. App. 1981); Wright v. United States, 588 A.2d 260, 262 (D.C. | 1 | 1 |
Jones v. United Statesgreen2 sentences1993With the reasonable efforts instruction, “[t]he jurors favoring the lesser will not vote for the greater, but those who favor the greater will still vote for conviction when the jury moves on to consider the lesser; hence the deadlock is dissolved, and there is no mistrial.” Jones v. United States, 544 A.2d 1250, 1253 (D.C. 1993With the reasonable efforts instruction, “[t]he jurors favoring the lesser will not vote for the greater, but those who favor the greater will still vote for conviction when the jury moves on to consider the lesser; hence the deadlock is dissolved, and there is no mistrial.” Jones v. United States, 544 A.2d 1250, 1253 (D.C. | 1 | 1 |
Green v. United Statesgreen2 sentences1992See Green v. United States, 355 U.S. 184, 187-88 , 78 S. Ct. 221 , 2 L. 1992See Green v. United States, 355 U.S. 184, 187-88 , 78 S. Ct. 221 , 2 L. | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
In re Eden F.green1 sentence2019But see In re Oreoluwa O. , 321 Conn. 523 , 543-44, 139 A.3d 674 (2016), holding that the reasonable efforts obligation was properly measured in that case by considering events after the TPR petition had been filed. 31 Although requiring DCF to make "reasonable efforts" to reunify the child with the parent, neither the statute nor the federal act from which the reasonable efforts requirement is drawn defines either the term "reasonable" or the term "efforts." See, e.g., In re Eden F. , 48 Conn. App. 290 , 311, 710 A.2d 771 (1998), rev'd on other grounds, 250 Conn. 674 , 741 A.2d 873 (1999). | 1 | 1 |
In re Oreoluwa O.green2 sentences2019But see In re Oreoluwa O. , 321 Conn. 523 , 543-44, 139 A.3d 674 (2016), holding that the reasonable efforts obligation was properly measured in that case by considering events after the TPR petition had been filed. 31 Although requiring DCF to make "reasonable efforts" to reunify the child with the parent, neither the statute nor the federal act from which the reasonable efforts requirement is drawn defines either the term "reasonable" or the term "efforts." See, e.g., In re Eden F. , 48 Conn. App. 290 , 311, 710 A.2d 771 (1998), rev'd on other grounds, 250 Conn. 674 , 741 A.2d 873 (1999). 2019But see In re Oreoluwa O. , 321 Conn. 523 , 543-44, 139 A.3d 674 (2016), holding that the reasonable efforts obligation was properly measured in that case by considering events after the TPR petition had been filed. 31 Although requiring DCF to make "reasonable efforts" to reunify the child with the parent, neither the statute nor the federal act from which the reasonable efforts requirement is drawn defines either the term "reasonable" or the term "efforts." See, e.g., In re Eden F. , 48 Conn. App. 290 , 311, 710 A.2d 771 (1998), rev'd on other grounds, 250 Conn. 674 , 741 A.2d 873 (1999). | 1 | 1 |
In re Eden F.green2 sentences2019But see In re Oreoluwa O. , 321 Conn. 523 , 543-44, 139 A.3d 674 (2016), holding that the reasonable efforts obligation was properly measured in that case by considering events after the TPR petition had been filed. 31 Although requiring DCF to make "reasonable efforts" to reunify the child with the parent, neither the statute nor the federal act from which the reasonable efforts requirement is drawn defines either the term "reasonable" or the term "efforts." See, e.g., In re Eden F. , 48 Conn. App. 290 , 311, 710 A.2d 771 (1998), rev'd on other grounds, 250 Conn. 674 , 741 A.2d 873 (1999). 2019But see In re Oreoluwa O. , 321 Conn. 523 , 543-44, 139 A.3d 674 (2016), holding that the reasonable efforts obligation was properly measured in that case by considering events after the TPR petition had been filed. 31 Although requiring DCF to make "reasonable efforts" to reunify the child with the parent, neither the statute nor the federal act from which the reasonable efforts requirement is drawn defines either the term "reasonable" or the term "efforts." See, e.g., In re Eden F. , 48 Conn. App. 290 , 311, 710 A.2d 771 (1998), rev'd on other grounds, 250 Conn. 674 , 741 A.2d 873 (1999). | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
State v. Troynack
green
2 sentences2001Because this court has held that “[w]here a greater offense has been charged, conviction on a lesser offense is an acquittal on the greater”; State v. Troynack, 174 Conn. 89, 99 , 384 A.2d 326 (1977); we also rejected the use of a reasonable efforts instruction because of its ambiguity with regard to whether a verdict of guilty on the lesser included offense operates as an acquittal on the greater offense for the purposes of the double jeopardy clause. 2001Because this court has held that “[w]here a greater offense has been charged, conviction on a lesser offense is an acquittal on the greater”; State v. Troynack, 174 Conn. 89, 99 , 384 A.2d 326 (1977); we also rejected the use of a reasonable efforts instruction because of its ambiguity with regard to whether a verdict of guilty on the lesser included offense operates as an acquittal on the greater offense for the purposes of the double jeopardy clause. | 2 | 1993–2001 |
Tsanas v. United States
green
2 sentences1992A survey of the cases discloses that other jurisdictions are divided on the subject, some requiring the acquittal first instruction, 2 and others mandating the reasonable efforts instruction. 3 Good arguments exist for either instruction and we would be faced with a Scylla and Charybdis choice were it not for the existence of a third option created in United States v. Tsanas, 572 F.2d 340, 346 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 995 , 98 S. Ct. 1647 , 56 L. 1992A survey of the cases discloses that other jurisdictions are divided on the subject, some requiring the acquittal first instruction, 2 and others mandating the reasonable efforts instruction. 3 Good arguments exist for either instruction and we would be faced with a Scylla and Charybdis choice were it not for the existence of a third option created in United States v. Tsanas, 572 F.2d 340, 346 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 995 , 98 S. Ct. 1647 , 56 L. | 2 | 1992–1993 |
In Re James G.
green
1 sentence2025If efforts to reunite parent and child were not effective within a limited time, parental rights were to be terminated and adoption sought.’’ Id., 576 . 18 The commissioner contends that ‘‘[t]he only relevant sister state authority cuts against the foster parents’’ and cites four cases that she maintains demonstrate that ‘‘[s]ister state courts do not allow foster parent intervention [in the absence of] express statutory authorization.’’ The cited cases, however, do not support the commissioner’s argument. | 1 | 2025–2025 |
In re Elijah C.
green
2 sentences2020This principle was applied in the context of a reasonable efforts claim in In re Elijah C., 326 Conn. 480 , 503-504, 165 A.3d 1149 (2017). 2020This principle was applied in the context of a reasonable efforts claim in In re Elijah C., 326 Conn. 480 , 503-504, 165 A.3d 1149 (2017). | 1 | 2020–2020 |
State v. Aparo
green
1 sentence2003“In State v. Aparo, [supra, 223 Conn. 384 ], we expressly denied the defendant’s double jeopardy claim that was based on the failure of the jury to achieve unanimity concerning the charge of conspiracy to commit murder. | 1 | 2003–2003 |
In re Ebony H.
green
2 sentences2002In re Ebony H ., 68 Conn. App. 342 , 348-49 , 789 A.2d 1158 (2002). 2002In re Ebony H ., 68 Conn. App. 342 , 348-49 , 789 A.2d 1158 (2002). | 1 | 2002–2002 |
Gonzalez v. Hammock
green
1 sentence2001See, e.g., United States v. Jackson, 726 F.2d 1466, 1469-70 (9th Cir. 1984); Pharr v. Israel, 629 F.2d 1278, 1282 (7th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1088 , 101 S. Ct. 880 , 66 L. | 1 | 2001–2001 |
Pharr v. Israel
green
2 sentences2001See, e.g., United States v. Jackson, 726 F.2d 1466, 1469-70 (9th Cir. 1984); Pharr v. Israel, 629 F.2d 1278, 1282 (7th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1088 , 101 S. Ct. 880 , 66 L. 2001See, e.g., United States v. Jackson, 726 F.2d 1466, 1469-70 (9th Cir. 1984); Pharr v. Israel, 629 F.2d 1278, 1282 (7th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1088 , 101 S. Ct. 880 , 66 L. | 1 | 2001–2001 |
State v. Monte
green
2 sentences1993Although we have recognized that jurors may in fact compromise; State v. Monte, 131 Conn. 134, 137 , 38 A.2d 434 (1944); we have never sought to encourage compromise and certainly have never openly advocated it. 14 The reasonable efforts instruction also raises grave questions of public policy because of its implications for the doctrine of the implied acquittal in the context of the constitutional protection against double jeopardy. 1993Although we have recognized that jurors may in fact compromise; State v. Monte, 131 Conn. 134, 137 , 38 A.2d 434 (1944); we have never sought to encourage compromise and certainly have never openly advocated it. 14 The reasonable efforts instruction also raises grave questions of public policy because of its implications for the doctrine of the implied acquittal in the context of the constitutional protection against double jeopardy. | 1 | 1993–1993 |
State v. Ferreira
green
2 sentences1992Among the decisions that have followed the reasonable efforts instruction in either its pure or hybrid forms are; People v. McGregor, 635 P.2d 912, 914 (Colo. App. 1981); State v. Yamashira, 8 Hawaii App. 595 , 817 P.2d 123 (1991); State v. Ferriera, 8 Hawaii App. 1 , 791 P.2d 407 (1990); State v. Korbel, 231 Kan. 657, 661 , 647 P.2d 1301 (1982); People v. Handley, 415 Mich. 356, 358-60 , 329 N.W.2d 710 (1982); State v. Thomas, 401 Ohio St. 3d 213 , 218-20, 533 N.E.2d 286 (1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 826 , 110 S. Ct. 89 , 107 L. 1992Among the decisions that have followed the reasonable efforts instruction in either its pure or hybrid forms are; People v. McGregor, 635 P.2d 912, 914 (Colo. App. 1981); State v. Yamashira, 8 Hawaii App. 595 , 817 P.2d 123 (1991); State v. Ferriera, 8 Hawaii App. 1 , 791 P.2d 407 (1990); State v. Korbel, 231 Kan. 657, 661 , 647 P.2d 1301 (1982); People v. Handley, 415 Mich. 356, 358-60 , 329 N.W.2d 710 (1982); State v. Thomas, 401 Ohio St. 3d 213 , 218-20, 533 N.E.2d 286 (1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 826 , 110 S. Ct. 89 , 107 L. | 1 | 1992–1992 |
State v. Labanowski
green
2 sentences1992Ed. 2d 54 (1989); Tarwater v. Cupp, 304 Or. 639, 645 , 748 P.2d 125 (1988); State v. Allen, 301 Or. 35, 38-40 , 717 P.2d 1178 (1986); State v. Labanowski, 117 Wash. 2d 405 , 816 P.2d 26 (1991). 1992Ed. 2d 54 (1989); Tarwater v. Cupp, 304 Or. 639, 645 , 748 P.2d 125 (1988); State v. Allen, 301 Or. 35, 38-40 , 717 P.2d 1178 (1986); State v. Labanowski, 117 Wash. 2d 405 , 816 P.2d 26 (1991). | 1 | 1992–1992 |
| State v. Allen green | 1 | 1992–1992 |
Tarwater v. Cupp
green
2 sentences1992Ed. 2d 54 (1989); Tarwater v. Cupp, 304 Or. 639, 645 , 748 P.2d 125 (1988); State v. Allen, 301 Or. 35, 38-40 , 717 P.2d 1178 (1986); State v. Labanowski, 117 Wash. 2d 405 , 816 P.2d 26 (1991). 1992Ed. 2d 54 (1989); Tarwater v. Cupp, 304 Or. 639, 645 , 748 P.2d 125 (1988); State v. Allen, 301 Or. 35, 38-40 , 717 P.2d 1178 (1986); State v. Labanowski, 117 Wash. 2d 405 , 816 P.2d 26 (1991). | 1 | 1992–1992 |
State v. Korbel
green
2 sentences1992Among the decisions that have followed the reasonable efforts instruction in either its pure or hybrid forms are; People v. McGregor, 635 P.2d 912, 914 (Colo. App. 1981); State v. Yamashira, 8 Hawaii App. 595 , 817 P.2d 123 (1991); State v. Ferriera, 8 Hawaii App. 1 , 791 P.2d 407 (1990); State v. Korbel, 231 Kan. 657, 661 , 647 P.2d 1301 (1982); People v. Handley, 415 Mich. 356, 358-60 , 329 N.W.2d 710 (1982); State v. Thomas, 401 Ohio St. 3d 213 , 218-20, 533 N.E.2d 286 (1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 826 , 110 S. Ct. 89 , 107 L. 1992Among the decisions that have followed the reasonable efforts instruction in either its pure or hybrid forms are; People v. McGregor, 635 P.2d 912, 914 (Colo. App. 1981); State v. Yamashira, 8 Hawaii App. 595 , 817 P.2d 123 (1991); State v. Ferriera, 8 Hawaii App. 1 , 791 P.2d 407 (1990); State v. Korbel, 231 Kan. 657, 661 , 647 P.2d 1301 (1982); People v. Handley, 415 Mich. 356, 358-60 , 329 N.W.2d 710 (1982); State v. Thomas, 401 Ohio St. 3d 213 , 218-20, 533 N.E.2d 286 (1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 826 , 110 S. Ct. 89 , 107 L. | 1 | 1992–1992 |
State v. Thomas
green
1 sentence1992Among the decisions that have followed the reasonable efforts instruction in either its pure or hybrid forms are; People v. McGregor, 635 P.2d 912, 914 (Colo. App. 1981); State v. Yamashira, 8 Hawaii App. 595 , 817 P.2d 123 (1991); State v. Ferriera, 8 Hawaii App. 1 , 791 P.2d 407 (1990); State v. Korbel, 231 Kan. 657, 661 , 647 P.2d 1301 (1982); People v. Handley, 415 Mich. 356, 358-60 , 329 N.W.2d 710 (1982); State v. Thomas, 401 Ohio St. 3d 213 , 218-20, 533 N.E.2d 286 (1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 826 , 110 S. Ct. 89 , 107 L. | 1 | 1992–1992 |
| State v. Stankowski green | 1 | 1992–1992 |
State v. Yamashiro
green
2 sentences1992Among the decisions that have followed the reasonable efforts instruction in either its pure or hybrid forms are; People v. McGregor, 635 P.2d 912, 914 (Colo. App. 1981); State v. Yamashira, 8 Hawaii App. 595 , 817 P.2d 123 (1991); State v. Ferriera, 8 Hawaii App. 1 , 791 P.2d 407 (1990); State v. Korbel, 231 Kan. 657, 661 , 647 P.2d 1301 (1982); People v. Handley, 415 Mich. 356, 358-60 , 329 N.W.2d 710 (1982); State v. Thomas, 401 Ohio St. 3d 213 , 218-20, 533 N.E.2d 286 (1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 826 , 110 S. Ct. 89 , 107 L. 1992Among the decisions that have followed the reasonable efforts instruction in either its pure or hybrid forms are; People v. McGregor, 635 P.2d 912, 914 (Colo. App. 1981); State v. Yamashira, 8 Hawaii App. 595 , 817 P.2d 123 (1991); State v. Ferriera, 8 Hawaii App. 1 , 791 P.2d 407 (1990); State v. Korbel, 231 Kan. 657, 661 , 647 P.2d 1301 (1982); People v. Handley, 415 Mich. 356, 358-60 , 329 N.W.2d 710 (1982); State v. Thomas, 401 Ohio St. 3d 213 , 218-20, 533 N.E.2d 286 (1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 826 , 110 S. Ct. 89 , 107 L. | 1 | 1992–1992 |
Yuen v. Internal Revenue Service
green
1 sentence1992The state argues that this issue was decided in State v. Stankowski, 184 Conn. 121 , 439 A.2d 918 , cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1052 , 102 S. Ct. 596 , 70 L. | 1 | 1992–1992 |
Stankowski v. Connecticut
green
2 sentences1992The state argues that this issue was decided in State v. Stankowski, 184 Conn. 121 , 439 A.2d 918 , cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1052 , 102 S. Ct. 596 , 70 L. 1992The state argues that this issue was decided in State v. Stankowski, 184 Conn. 121 , 439 A.2d 918 , cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1052 , 102 S. Ct. 596 , 70 L. | 1 | 1992–1992 |
| People v. Handley green | 1 | 1992–1992 |
| Hancock v. City of Davenport green | 1 | 1992–1992 |
Thomas v. Ohio
green
1 sentence1992Among the decisions that have followed the reasonable efforts instruction in either its pure or hybrid forms are; People v. McGregor, 635 P.2d 912, 914 (Colo. App. 1981); State v. Yamashira, 8 Hawaii App. 595 , 817 P.2d 123 (1991); State v. Ferriera, 8 Hawaii App. 1 , 791 P.2d 407 (1990); State v. Korbel, 231 Kan. 657, 661 , 647 P.2d 1301 (1982); People v. Handley, 415 Mich. 356, 358-60 , 329 N.W.2d 710 (1982); State v. Thomas, 401 Ohio St. 3d 213 , 218-20, 533 N.E.2d 286 (1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 826 , 110 S. Ct. 89 , 107 L. | 1 | 1992–1992 |
| Thomas v. Ohio green | 1 | 1992–1992 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.