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7 Virginia opinions name it 4 courts 1996–2025 3 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Virginia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuitgreen1 sentence2022See generally Publicker Indus., Inc. v. Cohen, 733 F.2d 1059, 1068-70 (3d Cir. 1984) (discussing the historical presumption of openness for civil proceedings). 10 443 (4th Cir. 1990) (same). | 1 | 1 |
Michigan v. Bryantgreen1 sentence2013In Bryant , the Court went further by interpreting Crawford as “suggesting] that dying declarations, even if testimonial, might be admissible as a historical exception to the Confrontation Clause.” Id. at 1151, n. 1. | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Virginia. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Crawford v. Washington
green
2 sentences2006In view of this historical analysis, the Supreme Court overruled the reliability test set forth in Ohio v. Roberts, 448 U.S. 56 , 100 S.Ct. 2531 , 65 L.Ed.2d 597 (1980), because of “its demonstrated capacity to admit core testimonial statements that the Confrontation Clause plainly meant to exclude.” Crawford, 541 U.S. at 63 , 124 S.Ct. at 1371 . 2006In view of this historical analysis, the Supreme Court overruled the reliability test set forth in Ohio v. Roberts, 448 U.S. 56 , 100 S.Ct. 2531 , 65 L.Ed.2d 597 (1980), because of “its demonstrated capacity to admit core testimonial statements that the Confrontation Clause plainly meant to exclude.” Crawford, 541 U.S. at 63 , 124 S.Ct. at 1371 . | 2 | 2005–2006 |
Ohio v. Roberts
red
2 sentences2006In view of this historical analysis, the Supreme Court overruled the reliability test set forth in Ohio v. Roberts, 448 U.S. 56 , 100 S.Ct. 2531 , 65 L.Ed.2d 597 (1980), because of “its demonstrated capacity to admit core testimonial statements that the Confrontation Clause plainly meant to exclude.” Crawford, 541 U.S. at 63 , 124 S.Ct. at 1371 . 2006In view of this historical analysis, the Supreme Court overruled the reliability test set forth in Ohio v. Roberts, 448 U.S. 56 , 100 S.Ct. 2531 , 65 L.Ed.2d 597 (1980), because of “its demonstrated capacity to admit core testimonial statements that the Confrontation Clause plainly meant to exclude.” Crawford, 541 U.S. at 63 , 124 S.Ct. at 1371 . | 2 | 2005–2006 |
United States v. Erick Williams
green
1 sentence2025Id. at ___. | 1 | 2025–2025 |
New York State Rifle & Pistol Assn., Inc. v. Bruen
green
2 sentences2024Thus, our focus at this stage in the analysis will be whether Ginevan is part of “‘the people’ whom the Second Amendment protects.” Id. - 13 - rubric can be thorny, the historical analysis is rather clear cut—and, under the guidance of history, Ginevan’s claims fail. 2024For purposes of the textual analysis, we note that many courts, following Bruen’s expansive language, 597 U.S. at 17 , have concluded that felons are embraced within “the people” because the conduct of bearing arms for self-defense is plainly protected by the Second Amendment. | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Smith v. Landmark Communications, Inc.
green
2 sentences1996Smith v. Landmark Communications, Inc., 246 Va. 149, 151-52 , 431 S.E.2d 306 (1993); Kensington Associates v. West, 234 Va. 430 , 362 S.E.2d 900 (1987); Manuel v. Cassada, 190 Va. 906, 913-14 , 59 S.E.2d 47 (1950); Tri-State Coach Corp. v. Walsh, 188 Va. 299, 307 , 49 S.E.2d 363 (1948). 1996Smith v. Landmark Communications, Inc., 246 Va. 149, 151-52 , 431 S.E.2d 306 (1993); Kensington Associates v. West, 234 Va. 430 , 362 S.E.2d 900 (1987); Manuel v. Cassada, 190 Va. 906, 913-14 , 59 S.E.2d 47 (1950); Tri-State Coach Corp. v. Walsh, 188 Va. 299, 307 , 49 S.E.2d 363 (1948). | 1 | 1996–1996 |
Manuel v. Cassada
green
2 sentences1996Smith v. Landmark Communications, Inc., 246 Va. 149, 151-52 , 431 S.E.2d 306 (1993); Kensington Associates v. West, 234 Va. 430 , 362 S.E.2d 900 (1987); Manuel v. Cassada, 190 Va. 906, 913-14 , 59 S.E.2d 47 (1950); Tri-State Coach Corp. v. Walsh, 188 Va. 299, 307 , 49 S.E.2d 363 (1948). 1996Smith v. Landmark Communications, Inc., 246 Va. 149, 151-52 , 431 S.E.2d 306 (1993); Kensington Associates v. West, 234 Va. 430 , 362 S.E.2d 900 (1987); Manuel v. Cassada, 190 Va. 906, 913-14 , 59 S.E.2d 47 (1950); Tri-State Coach Corp. v. Walsh, 188 Va. 299, 307 , 49 S.E.2d 363 (1948). | 1 | 1996–1996 |
Kensington Associates v. West
green
2 sentences1996Smith v. Landmark Communications, Inc., 246 Va. 149, 151-52 , 431 S.E.2d 306 (1993); Kensington Associates v. West, 234 Va. 430 , 362 S.E.2d 900 (1987); Manuel v. Cassada, 190 Va. 906, 913-14 , 59 S.E.2d 47 (1950); Tri-State Coach Corp. v. Walsh, 188 Va. 299, 307 , 49 S.E.2d 363 (1948). 1996Smith v. Landmark Communications, Inc., 246 Va. 149, 151-52 , 431 S.E.2d 306 (1993); Kensington Associates v. West, 234 Va. 430 , 362 S.E.2d 900 (1987); Manuel v. Cassada, 190 Va. 906, 913-14 , 59 S.E.2d 47 (1950); Tri-State Coach Corp. v. Walsh, 188 Va. 299, 307 , 49 S.E.2d 363 (1948). | 1 | 1996–1996 |
Tri-State Coach Corp. v. Walsh
green
2 sentences1996Smith v. Landmark Communications, Inc., 246 Va. 149, 151-52 , 431 S.E.2d 306 (1993); Kensington Associates v. West, 234 Va. 430 , 362 S.E.2d 900 (1987); Manuel v. Cassada, 190 Va. 906, 913-14 , 59 S.E.2d 47 (1950); Tri-State Coach Corp. v. Walsh, 188 Va. 299, 307 , 49 S.E.2d 363 (1948). 1996Smith v. Landmark Communications, Inc., 246 Va. 149, 151-52 , 431 S.E.2d 306 (1993); Kensington Associates v. West, 234 Va. 430 , 362 S.E.2d 900 (1987); Manuel v. Cassada, 190 Va. 906, 913-14 , 59 S.E.2d 47 (1950); Tri-State Coach Corp. v. Walsh, 188 Va. 299, 307 , 49 S.E.2d 363 (1948). | 1 | 1996–1996 |
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.