combination factors in New Jersey

37 New Jersey opinions name it 3 courts 1956–2026 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New Jersey courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (12)

Case	Followed	Cited
Titman v. BD. TRUSTEES TEACHERS'PENS. & AN. FUNDgreen njsuperctappdiv · 1969 · cited in 5 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1970–2026 2 sentences 2018Super. 244 (App. Div. 1969), the ALJ upheld the Board's decision that Smolenski's "disability was not a direct result of the alleged traumatic event of March 10, 2010, and that [he was] not eligible for accidental disability retirement benefits." Id. at 247 (holding direct result means a "relative freedom A-3671-16T3 5 from remoteness, whether in terms of time, intervention of other contributive causes or the like, or a combination of such factors"); Petrucelli v. Bd. of Trs., 211 N.J. 1980As this court said in Titman , "the word `direct' connotes relative freedom from remoteness, whether in terms of time, intervention of other attributive causes or the like, or a combination of such factors." 107 N.J.	3	5
Santosky v. Kramergreen scotus · 1982 · cited in 3 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1993–1998 2 sentences 1998The United States Supreme Court in Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 762-64 , 102 S.Ct. 1388, 1399-1400 , 71 L.Ed.2d 599, 612-13 (1982), has evaluated the evidentiary standard to be applied in termination proceedings, and held that the constitutional concern for the parental interest is heightened by a combination of factors. 1998The United States Supreme Court in Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 762-64 , 102 S.Ct. 1388, 1399-1400 , 71 L.Ed.2d 599, 612-13 (1982), has evaluated the evidentiary standard to be applied in termination proceedings, and held that the constitutional concern for the parental interest is heightened by a combination of factors.	2	3
Gerba v. BD. OF TRUSTEES, PUBLIC EMPLOYEES'RETIREM. SYS.green nj · 1980 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1989–2026 2 sentences 2026Super. 280, 287 (App. Div. 1986).4 The statute's use of "[t]he word 'direct' connotes relative freedom from remoteness, whether in terms of time, intervention of other contributive causes or the like, or a combination of such factors." Gerba, 83 N.J. at 186 (quoting Titman v. Bd. of 4 These cases refer numerically to a different statute due to subsequent re- numbering and ordering of the statute. 1989Super. 244, 247 (App.Div. 1969), which was expressly approved in Gerba, supra 83 N.J. at 186, we pointed out that "The word `direct' connotes relative freedom from remoteness, whether in terms of time, intervention of other contributive causes or the like, or a combination of such factors." If the causal relationship between Mr. Quigley's fall in 1983 and his disability subsequent to his 1984 automobile accident is judged by that standard, there was sufficient credible evidence to support the conclusions of the administrative law judge, which were adopted by the Board *224 of Trustees of the P	1	2
State v. Eldersgreen nj · 2007 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026 1 sentence 2026See Elders, 192 N.J. at 250 .	1	1
State v. Jenewiczgreen nj · 2008 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026 1 sentence 2026State v. Jenewicz, 193 N.J. 440, 473-74 (2008).	1	1
Terry v. Ohiogreen scotus · 1968 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019 1 sentence 2019See Terry, 392 U.S. at 22-23 .	1	1
Petrucelli v. Board of Trusteesgreen njsuperctappdiv · 1986 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018 1 sentence 2018Super. 244 (App. Div. 1969), the ALJ upheld the Board's decision that Smolenski's "disability was not a direct result of the alleged traumatic event of March 10, 2010, and that [he was] not eligible for accidental disability retirement benefits." Id. at 247 (holding direct result means a "relative freedom A-3671-16T3 5 from remoteness, whether in terms of time, intervention of other contributive causes or the like, or a combination of such factors"); Petrucelli v. Bd. of Trs., 211 N.J.	1	1
State v. Newmangreen nj · 1993 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997	1	1
In Re Advisory Committee on Professional Ethics Opinion 621green nj · 1992 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993	1	1
California v. Browngreen scotus · 1987 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987	1	1
Crane v. Bielskigreen nj · 1954 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1982–1982	1	1
In Re Hillgreen njsuperctappdiv · 1978 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New Jersey. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (50)

Case	Cited	Years
Lamb v. Global Landfill Reclaiming green nj · 1988 2 sentences 1999Lamb v. Global Landfill Reclaiming, 111 N.J. 134, 149 , 543 A.2d 443 (1988). 1999Lamb v. Global Landfill Reclaiming, 111 N.J. 134, 149 , 543 A.2d 443 (1988).	2	1999–1999
Burroughs v. City of Atlantic City green njsuperctappdiv · 1989 2 sentences 1993Plaintiff relies on language in Burroughs, supra, that “whether a dangerous condition is present depends on a combination of factors relating to physical condition, permitted conduct, and objectively foreseeable behav ior.” 234 N.J.Super. at 218-19 , 560 A2d 725 . 1993Plaintiff relies on language in Burroughs, supra, that “whether a dangerous condition is present depends on a combination of factors relating to physical condition, permitted conduct, and objectively foreseeable behav ior.” 234 N.J.Super. at 218-19 , 560 A2d 725 .	2	1990–1993
Hillman v. Bd. of Trust., Pub. Emp. Ret. Sys. green njsuperctappdiv · 1970 2 sentences 1978"Direct result" connoted "relative freedom from remoteness, whether in terms of time, 331 intervention of other attributive causes or the like, or a combination of such factors." Hillman, supra, 109 N.J. 1978"Direct result" connoted "relative freedom from remoteness, whether in terms of time, 331 intervention of other attributive causes or the like, or a combination of such factors." Hillman, supra, 109 N.J.	2	1978–1980
State v. Smith green njsuperctappdiv · 1974 1 sentence 2020Ibid.	1	2020–2020
Richardson v. POLICE & F. RET. SYS. green nj · 2007 1 sentence 2018Super. 280, 288 (App. Div. 1986) (ruling that to qualify for accidental disability retirement, the traumatic event must be shown to cause symptoms where none previously existed); Richardson v. Bd. of Trs., 192 N.J. 189 (2007) (holding that the presence of a pre-existing condition will generally result in the denial of accidental disability benefits).	1	2018–2018
State v. Talley green nj · 1983 2 sentences 2018Law Inst.) (rev. cmts. 1980) (emphasis added).] The Court spoke of a trial setting when it held that "attempting to defeat one charge by arguing that [a defendant] committed a different criminal offense" is "the very vice at which the 'consolidation' statute is directed." Talley , 94 N.J. at 391 , 466 A.2d 78 . 2018Law Inst.) (rev. cmts. 1980) (emphasis added).] The Court spoke of a trial setting when it held that "attempting to defeat one charge by arguing that [a defendant] committed a different criminal offense" is "the very vice at which the 'consolidation' statute is directed." Talley , 94 N.J. at 391 , 466 A.2d 78 .	1	2018–2018
Alloway v. Bradlees, Inc. green nj · 1999 2 sentences 2012The more modern approach to the traditional common law rule is for courts to identify, weigh and balance a combination of factors in determining the existence of a general contractor’s duty of reasonable care, Alloway, supra, 157 N.J. at 230 , 723 A.2d 960 , a major consideration being the foreseeability of the risk of injury, both its nature and severity, id. at 230-31 , 723 A.2d 960 ; Carey v. Lovett, 132 N.J. 44, 57 , 622 A.2d 1279 (1993); Weinberg v. Dinger, 106 N.J. 469, 485 , 524 A.2d 366 (1987). 2012The more modern approach to the traditional common law rule is for courts to identify, weigh and balance a combination of factors in determining the existence of a general contractor’s duty of reasonable care, Alloway, supra, 157 N.J. at 230 , 723 A.2d 960 , a major consideration being the foreseeability of the risk of injury, both its nature and severity, id. at 230-31 , 723 A.2d 960 ; Carey v. Lovett, 132 N.J. 44, 57 , 622 A.2d 1279 (1993); Weinberg v. Dinger, 106 N.J. 469, 485 , 524 A.2d 366 (1987).	1	2012–2012
Weinberg v. Dinger green nj · 1987 2 sentences 2012The more modern approach to the traditional common law rule is for courts to identify, weigh and balance a combination of factors in determining the existence of a general contractor’s duty of reasonable care, Alloway, supra, 157 N.J. at 230 , 723 A.2d 960 , a major consideration being the foreseeability of the risk of injury, both its nature and severity, id. at 230-31 , 723 A.2d 960 ; Carey v. Lovett, 132 N.J. 44, 57 , 622 A.2d 1279 (1993); Weinberg v. Dinger, 106 N.J. 469, 485 , 524 A.2d 366 (1987). 2012The more modern approach to the traditional common law rule is for courts to identify, weigh and balance a combination of factors in determining the existence of a general contractor’s duty of reasonable care, Alloway, supra, 157 N.J. at 230 , 723 A.2d 960 , a major consideration being the foreseeability of the risk of injury, both its nature and severity, id. at 230-31 , 723 A.2d 960 ; Carey v. Lovett, 132 N.J. 44, 57 , 622 A.2d 1279 (1993); Weinberg v. Dinger, 106 N.J. 469, 485 , 524 A.2d 366 (1987).	1	2012–2012
Carey v. Lovett green nj · 1993 2 sentences 2012The more modern approach to the traditional common law rule is for courts to identify, weigh and balance a combination of factors in determining the existence of a general contractor’s duty of reasonable care, Alloway, supra, 157 N.J. at 230 , 723 A.2d 960 , a major consideration being the foreseeability of the risk of injury, both its nature and severity, id. at 230-31 , 723 A.2d 960 ; Carey v. Lovett, 132 N.J. 44, 57 , 622 A.2d 1279 (1993); Weinberg v. Dinger, 106 N.J. 469, 485 , 524 A.2d 366 (1987). 2012The more modern approach to the traditional common law rule is for courts to identify, weigh and balance a combination of factors in determining the existence of a general contractor’s duty of reasonable care, Alloway, supra, 157 N.J. at 230 , 723 A.2d 960 , a major consideration being the foreseeability of the risk of injury, both its nature and severity, id. at 230-31 , 723 A.2d 960 ; Carey v. Lovett, 132 N.J. 44, 57 , 622 A.2d 1279 (1993); Weinberg v. Dinger, 106 N.J. 469, 485 , 524 A.2d 366 (1987).	1	2012–2012
State v. Hernandez green nj · 2001 2 sentences 2011We have rejected a “per se ban on accomplice testimony in support of other-crime evidence,” and have explicitly stated that “the combination of the requirement of clear and convincing proof of relevant other-crime evidence, coupled with the weighing of probative value against the danger of undue prejudice, provides an adequate standard for a court’s exercise of its gatekeeping function.” Id. at 124-25 , 784 A.2d 1225 . 2011We have rejected a “per se ban on accomplice testimony in support of other-crime evidence,” and have explicitly stated that “the combination of the requirement of clear and convincing proof of relevant other-crime evidence, coupled with the weighing of probative value against the danger of undue prejudice, provides an adequate standard for a court’s exercise of its gatekeeping function.” Id. at 124-25 , 784 A.2d 1225 .	1	2011–2011
State v. Fortin green nj · 2000 2 sentences 2004Although that conclusion came perilously close to a prohibited ultimate-issue opinionan opinion as to the guilt of defendant Fortin I permitted such testimony provided that Hazelwood was able "from a reliable database" to say that the combination of factors were "unique in his experience of investigating sexual assault crimes." See Fortin I, supra, 162 N.J. at 532 , 745 A. 2d 509 . 2004Although that conclusion came perilously close to a prohibited ultimate-issue opinionan opinion as to the guilt of defendant Fortin I permitted such testimony provided that Hazelwood was able "from a reliable database" to say that the combination of factors were "unique in his experience of investigating sexual assault crimes." See Fortin I, supra, 162 N.J. at 532 , 745 A. 2d 509 .	1	2004–2004
Holt v. Continental Group, Inc. green scotus · 1984 2 sentences 2002State v. DeLuca, 168 N.J. 626, 632 , 775 A.2d 1284 (2001) (citing State v. Bruzzese, 94 N.J. 210, 219 , 463 A.2d 320 (1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1030 , 104 S.Ct. 1295 , 79 L.Ed.2d 695 (1984)). 2002State v. DeLuca, 168 N.J. 626, 632 , 775 A. 2d 1284 (2001) (citing State v. Bruzzese, 94 N.J. 210, 219 , 463 A. 2d 320 (1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1030 , 104 S.Ct. 1295 , 79 L.Ed. 2d 695 (1984)).	1	2002–2002
Miller v. Pierce green scotus · 1984 2 sentences 2002State v. DeLuca, 168 N.J. 626, 632 , 775 A.2d 1284 (2001) (citing State v. Bruzzese, 94 N.J. 210, 219 , 463 A.2d 320 (1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1030 , 104 S.Ct. 1295 , 79 L.Ed.2d 695 (1984)). 2002State v. DeLuca, 168 N.J. 626, 632 , 775 A. 2d 1284 (2001) (citing State v. Bruzzese, 94 N.J. 210, 219 , 463 A. 2d 320 (1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1030 , 104 S.Ct. 1295 , 79 L.Ed. 2d 695 (1984)).	1	2002–2002
Hornick v. Noyes green scotus · 1984 2 sentences 2002State v. DeLuca, 168 N.J. 626, 632 , 775 A.2d 1284 (2001) (citing State v. Bruzzese, 94 N.J. 210, 219 , 463 A.2d 320 (1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1030 , 104 S.Ct. 1295 , 79 L.Ed.2d 695 (1984)). 2002State v. DeLuca, 168 N.J. 626, 632 , 775 A. 2d 1284 (2001) (citing State v. Bruzzese, 94 N.J. 210, 219 , 463 A. 2d 320 (1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1030 , 104 S.Ct. 1295 , 79 L.Ed. 2d 695 (1984)).	1	2002–2002
State v. Bruzzese green nj · 1983 2 sentences 2002State v. DeLuca, 168 N.J. 626, 632 , 775 A.2d 1284 (2001) (citing State v. Bruzzese, 94 N.J. 210, 219 , 463 A.2d 320 (1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1030 , 104 S.Ct. 1295 , 79 L.Ed.2d 695 (1984)). 2002State v. DeLuca, 168 N.J. 626, 632 , 775 A.2d 1284 (2001) (citing State v. Bruzzese, 94 N.J. 210, 219 , 463 A.2d 320 (1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1030 , 104 S.Ct. 1295 , 79 L.Ed.2d 695 (1984)).	1	2002–2002
State v. DeLuca green nj · 2001 2 sentences 2002State v. DeLuca, 168 N.J. 626, 632 , 775 A.2d 1284 (2001) (citing State v. Bruzzese, 94 N.J. 210, 219 , 463 A.2d 320 (1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1030 , 104 S.Ct. 1295 , 79 L.Ed.2d 695 (1984)). 2002State v. DeLuca, 168 N.J. 626, 632 , 775 A.2d 1284 (2001) (citing State v. Bruzzese, 94 N.J. 210, 219 , 463 A.2d 320 (1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1030 , 104 S.Ct. 1295 , 79 L.Ed.2d 695 (1984)).	1	2002–2002
Topham-Rapanotti v. Gulli green njsuperctappdiv · 1995 2 sentences 1999Id. at 630-31 , 674 A. 2d 650 (citations omitted). 1999Id. at 630-31 , 674 A. 2d 650 (citations omitted).	1	1999–1999
Matter of LAS green nj · 1993 2 sentences 1998Those factors include the nature of this fundamental right, the permanency of the threatened loss, the complexity and subjectivity involved in evaluating parental fitness. [In the Matter of the Adoption of Children by L.A.S., 134 N.J. 127, 132-33 , 631 A.2d 928 (1993).] All doubts must be resolved against termination of the biological ties. 1998Those factors include the nature of this fundamental right, the permanency of the threatened loss, the complexity and subjectivity involved in evaluating parental fitness. [In the Matter of the Adoption of Children by L.A.S., 134 N.J. 127, 132-33 , 631 A.2d 928 (1993).] All doubts must be resolved against termination of the biological ties.	1	1998–1998
State v. Roberts green nj · 1986	1	1997–1997
State v. Broking green nj · 1986	1	1997–1997
Riccardi v. County of Essex neutral nj · 1988	1	1997–1997
State v. Davidson neutral nj · 1988	1	1997–1997
State v. Harris green nj · 1976	1	1997–1997
In Re Parole Application of Trantino green nj · 1982 2 sentences 1997See, e.g., State v. Newman, supra, 132 N.J. at 169 , 623 A.2d 1355 ; State v. Bausch, supra, 83 N.J. at 434-36 , 416 A.2d 833 ; In re Trantino, 89 N.J. 347, 360 , 446 A.2d 104 (1982); State v. Harris, 70 N.J. 586, 592 , 362 A.2d 32 (1976); State v. Pulasty, 259 N.J.Super. 274, 283 , 612 A.2d 952 (App.Div.1992), aff 'd other grds., 136 N.J. 356 , 642 A.2d 1392 (1994), cert. den. — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 579 , 130 L.Ed.2d 494 (1994); State v. Davidson, 225 N.J.Super. 1 , 541 A.2d 700 (App.Div.), certif. den. 111 N.J. 594 , 546 A.2d 518 (1988); State v. Rhoda, 206 N.J.Super. 584, 589-91 , 503 A.2d 364 1997See, e.g., State v. Newman, supra, 132 N.J. at 169 , 623 A.2d 1355 ; State v. Bausch, supra, 83 N.J. at 434-36 , 416 A.2d 833 ; In re Trantino, 89 N.J. 347, 360 , 446 A.2d 104 (1982); State v. Harris, 70 N.J. 586, 592 , 362 A.2d 32 (1976); State v. Pulasty, 259 N.J.Super. 274, 283 , 612 A.2d 952 (App.Div.1992), aff 'd other grds., 136 N.J. 356 , 642 A.2d 1392 (1994), cert. den. — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 579 , 130 L.Ed.2d 494 (1994); State v. Davidson, 225 N.J.Super. 1 , 541 A.2d 700 (App.Div.), certif. den. 111 N.J. 594 , 546 A.2d 518 (1988); State v. Rhoda, 206 N.J.Super. 584, 589-91 , 503 A.2d 364	1	1997–1997
State v. Pulasty green nj · 1994	1	1997–1997
State v. Rhoda green njsuperctappdiv · 1986 2 sentences 1997See, e.g., State v. Newman, supra, 132 N.J. at 169 , 623 A.2d 1355 ; State v. Bausch, supra, 83 N.J. at 434-36 , 416 A.2d 833 ; In re Trantino, 89 N.J. 347, 360 , 446 A.2d 104 (1982); State v. Harris, 70 N.J. 586, 592 , 362 A.2d 32 (1976); State v. Pulasty, 259 N.J.Super. 274, 283 , 612 A.2d 952 (App.Div.1992), aff 'd other grds., 136 N.J. 356 , 642 A.2d 1392 (1994), cert. den. — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 579 , 130 L.Ed.2d 494 (1994); State v. Davidson, 225 N.J.Super. 1 , 541 A.2d 700 (App.Div.), certif. den. 111 N.J. 594 , 546 A.2d 518 (1988); State v. Rhoda, 206 N.J.Super. 584, 589-91 , 503 A.2d 364 1997See, e.g., State v. Newman, supra, 132 N.J. at 169 , 623 A.2d 1355 ; State v. Bausch, supra, 83 N.J. at 434-36 , 416 A.2d 833 ; In re Trantino, 89 N.J. 347, 360 , 446 A.2d 104 (1982); State v. Harris, 70 N.J. 586, 592 , 362 A.2d 32 (1976); State v. Pulasty, 259 N.J.Super. 274, 283 , 612 A.2d 952 (App.Div.1992), aff 'd other grds., 136 N.J. 356 , 642 A.2d 1392 (1994), cert. den. — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 579 , 130 L.Ed.2d 494 (1994); State v. Davidson, 225 N.J.Super. 1 , 541 A.2d 700 (App.Div.), certif. den. 111 N.J. 594 , 546 A.2d 518 (1988); State v. Rhoda, 206 N.J.Super. 584, 589-91 , 503 A.2d 364	1	1997–1997
State v. Davidson green njsuperctappdiv · 1988	1	1997–1997
State v. Bausch green nj · 1980 2 sentences 1997See, e.g., State v. Newman, supra, 132 N.J. at 169 , 623 A.2d 1355 ; State v. Bausch, supra, 83 N.J. at 434-36 , 416 A.2d 833 ; In re Trantino, 89 N.J. 347, 360 , 446 A.2d 104 (1982); State v. Harris, 70 N.J. 586, 592 , 362 A.2d 32 (1976); State v. Pulasty, 259 N.J.Super. 274, 283 , 612 A.2d 952 (App.Div.1992), aff 'd other grds., 136 N.J. 356 , 642 A.2d 1392 (1994), cert. den. — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 579 , 130 L.Ed.2d 494 (1994); State v. Davidson, 225 N.J.Super. 1 , 541 A.2d 700 (App.Div.), certif. den. 111 N.J. 594 , 546 A.2d 518 (1988); State v. Rhoda, 206 N.J.Super. 584, 589-91 , 503 A.2d 364 1997See, e.g., State v. Newman, supra, 132 N.J. at 169 , 623 A.2d 1355 ; State v. Bausch, supra, 83 N.J. at 434-36 , 416 A.2d 833 ; In re Trantino, 89 N.J. 347, 360 , 446 A.2d 104 (1982); State v. Harris, 70 N.J. 586, 592 , 362 A.2d 32 (1976); State v. Pulasty, 259 N.J.Super. 274, 283 , 612 A.2d 952 (App.Div.1992), aff 'd other grds., 136 N.J. 356 , 642 A.2d 1392 (1994), cert. den. — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 579 , 130 L.Ed.2d 494 (1994); State v. Davidson, 225 N.J.Super. 1 , 541 A.2d 700 (App.Div.), certif. den. 111 N.J. 594 , 546 A.2d 518 (1988); State v. Rhoda, 206 N.J.Super. 584, 589-91 , 503 A.2d 364	1	1997–1997
State v. Pulasty green njsuperctappdiv · 1992 2 sentences 1997See, e.g., State v. Newman, supra, 132 N.J. at 169 , 623 A.2d 1355 ; State v. Bausch, supra, 83 N.J. at 434-36 , 416 A.2d 833 ; In re Trantino, 89 N.J. 347, 360 , 446 A.2d 104 (1982); State v. Harris, 70 N.J. 586, 592 , 362 A.2d 32 (1976); State v. Pulasty, 259 N.J.Super. 274, 283 , 612 A.2d 952 (App.Div.1992), aff 'd other grds., 136 N.J. 356 , 642 A.2d 1392 (1994), cert. den. — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 579 , 130 L.Ed.2d 494 (1994); State v. Davidson, 225 N.J.Super. 1 , 541 A.2d 700 (App.Div.), certif. den. 111 N.J. 594 , 546 A.2d 518 (1988); State v. Rhoda, 206 N.J.Super. 584, 589-91 , 503 A.2d 364 1997See, e.g., State v. Newman, supra, 132 N.J. at 169 , 623 A.2d 1355 ; State v. Bausch, supra, 83 N.J. at 434-36 , 416 A.2d 833 ; In re Trantino, 89 N.J. 347, 360 , 446 A.2d 104 (1982); State v. Harris, 70 N.J. 586, 592 , 362 A.2d 32 (1976); State v. Pulasty, 259 N.J.Super. 274, 283 , 612 A.2d 952 (App.Div.1992), aff 'd other grds., 136 N.J. 356 , 642 A.2d 1392 (1994), cert. den. — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 579 , 130 L.Ed.2d 494 (1994); State v. Davidson, 225 N.J.Super. 1 , 541 A.2d 700 (App.Div.), certif. den. 111 N.J. 594 , 546 A.2d 518 (1988); State v. Rhoda, 206 N.J.Super. 584, 589-91 , 503 A.2d 364	1	1997–1997
Eder v. ITT Corp. green scotus · 1994	1	1997–1997
Pulasty v. New Jersey green scotus · 1994 1 sentence 1997See, e.g., State v. Newman, supra, 132 N.J. at 169 , 623 A.2d 1355 ; State v. Bausch, supra, 83 N.J. at 434-36 , 416 A.2d 833 ; In re Trantino, 89 N.J. 347, 360 , 446 A.2d 104 (1982); State v. Harris, 70 N.J. 586, 592 , 362 A.2d 32 (1976); State v. Pulasty, 259 N.J.Super. 274, 283 , 612 A.2d 952 (App.Div.1992), aff 'd other grds., 136 N.J. 356 , 642 A.2d 1392 (1994), cert. den. — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 579 , 130 L.Ed.2d 494 (1994); State v. Davidson, 225 N.J.Super. 1 , 541 A.2d 700 (App.Div.), certif. den. 111 N.J. 594 , 546 A.2d 518 (1988); State v. Rhoda, 206 N.J.Super. 584, 589-91 , 503 A.2d 364	1	1997–1997
State v. Scher green njsuperctappdiv · 1994	1	1995–1995
Crooker v. California red scotus · 1958	1	1994–1994
Miranda v. Arizona green scotus · 1966	1	1994–1994
Matter of City of Asbury Park Sewer Treatment Plant green nj · 1989	1	1993–1993
In Re Review of Opinion 552 of Advisory Committee on Professional Ethics green nj · 1986	1	1993–1993
Daniel v. State, Dept. of Transp. green njsuperctappdiv · 1990	1	1993–1993
COLUMBIA BROADCAST. SYST., INC. v. Melody Recordings, Inc. green njsuperctappdiv · 1975	1	1992–1992
Taylor v. West Penn Hospital neutral pactcomplallegh · 1987	1	1991–1991
Krygier v. Airweld, Inc. green nysupct · 1987	1	1991–1991

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NJ § N.J. Stat. § 2C:35-5 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 75 (1960–2026) PA 62 (1921–2024) NY 61 (1918–2024) LA 53 (1976–2024) MA 47 (1933–2025) IL 40 (1906–2023) NJ 37 (1956–2026) TX 33 (1965–2024) KS 32 (1984–2026) TN 25 (1989–2025) OH 23 (1981–2025) OR 23 (1962–2024) VA 23 (1988–2025) FL 21 (1971–2023) KY 21 (1999–2026) AL 21 (1986–2026) NC 21 (1985–2025) MO 20 (1981–2023) MD 20 (1965–2025) CO 16 (1984–2024) CT 14 (1942–2020) DC 14 (1977–2009) MS 13 (1987–2024) MI 12 (1971–2022) IA 12 (1939–2025) IN 12 (1977–2026) WA 11 (1932–2010) AZ 11 (1908–2017) WI 10 (1988–2022) DE 10 (1967–2024) UT 10 (1977–2024) ND 8 (1989–2023) WY 7 (1986–2026) SC 7 (1975–2025) NE 7 (1975–2017) NM 7 (1982–2016) HI 7 (1970–2026) MN 6 (1987–2017) GA 6 (1975–2016) RI 5 (1988–2007) VT 5 (1963–2020) NV 5 (1977–2020) SD 4 (1988–2014) WV 4 (1991–2007) OK 4 (2002–2026) MT 4 (1998–2020) AK 4 (1980–2017) ME 4 (2000–2026) AR 3 (1988–2003) ID 3 (1981–2007) NH 2 (1982–2010)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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