lien claim (Nevada) · Go Syfert
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lien claim in Nevada

18 Nevada opinions name it 1 courts 1914–2020 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Nevada courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (11)

CaseFollowedCited
Wm. R. Clarke Corp. v. Safeco Insurance of Americagreen
cal · 1997 · cited in 2 Nevada opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008Co., 15 Cal.4th 882 , 64 Cal.Rptr.2d 578 , 938 P.2d 372, 376 (1997) (discussing statutory forms for lien waiver provisions that do not violate public policy if the waiver is "in conjunction with payment, or a promise of payment"). [32] Although the district court concluded that all lien waiver provisions violate public policy and are thus unenforceable, whether a lien waiver provision is enforceable, as set forth above, depends on a case-by-case analysis of whether it violates public policy, for example, by waiving the lien right regardless of whether the contractor receives payment.

2008Co., 15 Cal.4th 882 , 64 Cal.Rptr.2d 578 , 938 P.2d 372, 376 (1997) (discussing statutory forms for lien waiver provisions that do not violate public policy if the waiver is "in conjunction with payment, or a promise of payment"). [32] Although the district court concluded that all lien waiver provisions violate public policy and are thus unenforceable, whether a lien waiver provision is enforceable, as set forth above, depends on a case-by-case analysis of whether it violates public policy, for example, by waiving the lien right regardless of whether the contractor receives payment.

22
Lehrer McGovern Bovis, Inc. v. Bullock Insulation, Inc.green
nev · 2008 · cited in 1 Nevada opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
2 sentences

2020See generally Simmons Self-Storage v. Rib Roof, Inc., 130 Nev. 540 , 545, 331 P.3d 850 , 853 (2014) (steel manufacturer and supplier brought a lien foreclosure action against six properties it had supplied steel to, despite execution of lien release forms and the posting of surety bonds); Lehrer McGovern Bovis, Inc. v. Bullock Insulation, Inc., 124 Nev. 1102, 1115-17 , 197 P.3d 1032, 1040-42 (2008) (unpaid subcontractor prevailed in a lien foreclosure action, despite the existence of a lien waiver provision in the subcontract, where the lien waiver provision violated Nevada's public policy fav

2020See generally Simmons Self-Storage v. Rib Roof, Inc., 130 Nev. 540 , 545, 331 P.3d 850 , 853 (2014) (steel manufacturer and supplier brought a lien foreclosure action against six properties it had supplied steel to, despite execution of lien release forms and the posting of surety bonds); Lehrer McGovern Bovis, Inc. v. Bullock Insulation, Inc., 124 Nev. 1102, 1115-17 , 197 P.3d 1032, 1040-42 (2008) (unpaid subcontractor prevailed in a lien foreclosure action, despite the existence of a lien waiver provision in the subcontract, where the lien waiver provision violated Nevada's public policy fav

11
Barney v. Mt. Rose Heating & Air Conditioninggreen
nev · 2008 · cited in 1 Nevada opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012Rose Heating & Air, 124 Nev. 821, 827 , 192 P.3d 730, 734 (2008) (district court has discretion pursuant to NRS 108.237).

2012Rose Heating & Air, 124 Nev. 821, 827 , 192 P.3d 730, 734 (2008) (district court has discretion pursuant to NRS 108.237).

11
SD Deacon Corp. v. Gastongreen
washctapp · 2009 · cited in 1 Nevada opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010Deacon Corp. v. Gaston, 206 P.3d 689, 691 (Wash. Ct. App. 2009).

11
American Standard Homes Corp. v. Reineckegreen
va · 1993 · cited in 1 Nevada opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
1 sentence

2007Ct. 2004) (concluding that the doctrine of substantial compliance does not apply when the timeliness of serving notice is at issue, and thus, the trial court properly struck a mechanics’ lien claim since notice of the claim was not served until one month after the statutory time period allowed for service); American Standard Homes Corp. v. Reinecke, 425 S.E.2d 515, 518 (Va. 1993) (indicating that, unless a lien is perfected within the time outlined by statute, it is lost); Marsh-McLennan Bldg., Inc. v. Clapp, 980 P.2d 311 , 313 n.1 (Wash. Ct. App. 1999) (explaining that an unlawful detainer st

11
Browning v. Dixongreen
nev · 1998 · cited in 1 Nevada opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007Ct. 2004) (concluding that the doctrine of substantial compliance does not apply when the timeliness of serving notice is at issue, and thus, the trial court properly struck a mechanics’ lien claim since notice of the claim was not served until one month after the statutory time period allowed for service); American Standard Homes Corp. v. Reinecke, 425 S.E.2d 515, 518 (Va. 1993) (indicating that, unless a lien is perfected within the time outlined by statute, it is lost); Marsh-McLennan Bldg., Inc. v. Clapp, 980 P.2d 311 , 313 n.1 (Wash. Ct. App. 1999) (explaining that an unlawful detainer st

2007Ct. 2004) (concluding that the doctrine of substantial compliance does not apply when the timeliness of serving notice is at issue, and thus, the trial court properly struck a mechanics’ lien claim since notice of the claim was not served until one month after the statutory time period allowed for service); American Standard Homes Corp. v. Reinecke, 425 S.E.2d 515, 518 (Va. 1993) (indicating that, unless a lien is perfected within the time outlined by statute, it is lost); Marsh-McLennan Bldg., Inc. v. Clapp, 980 P.2d 311 , 313 n.1 (Wash. Ct. App. 1999) (explaining that an unlawful detainer st

11
Swanson v. Flynngreen
nd · 1948 · cited in 1 Nevada opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
1 sentence

2007Ct. 2004) (concluding that the doctrine of substantial compliance does not apply when the timeliness of serving notice is at issue, and thus, the trial court properly struck a mechanics’ lien claim since notice of the claim was not served until one month after the statutory time period allowed for service); American Standard Homes Corp. v. Reinecke, 425 S.E.2d 515, 518 (Va. 1993) (indicating that, unless a lien is perfected within the time outlined by statute, it is lost); Marsh-McLennan Bldg., Inc. v. Clapp, 980 P.2d 311 , 313 n.1 (Wash. Ct. App. 1999) (explaining that an unlawful detainer st

11
Landvatter Ready Mix, Inc. v. Buckeygreen
moctapp · 1997 · cited in 1 Nevada opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
1 sentence

2003A. Bock, Annotation, Validity and Effect of Provision in Contract Against Mechanic’s Lien, 76 A.L.R.2d 1087 , 1089 (1961); see, e.g., Durant Const., Inc. v. Gourley, 336 N.W.2d 856 (Mich. Ct. App. 1983); see also Landvatter Ready Mix, Inc. v. Buckey, 963 S.W.2d 298, 301 (Mo. Ct. App. 1997) (recognizing that “[i]t has long been the rule that a mechanic’s lien claim may be waived”). 10 See, e.g., 770 Ill.

11
Williams Bros. Construction v. Vaughngreen
mont · 1981 · cited in 1 Nevada opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
1 sentence

2003Const. v. Vaughn, 631 P.2d 688, 690 (Mont. 1981)). 7 See NRS 108.239(5) (requiring the district court to hear and determine mechanic’s lien claims in a summary way). 8 55 Nev. 134 , 28 P.2d 499 (1934). 9 100 Nev. 185 , 678 P.2d 679 (1984). 10 55 Nev. at 140 , 28 P.2d at 499 . 11 Id. at 142-43 , 28 P.2d at 500 . 12 100 Nev. at 186-87 , 678 P.2d at 680 . 13 Id. at 189-90 , 678 P.2d at 682 . 14 Id. at 190 , 678 P.2d at 682 . 15 Commercial’s argument that, by failing to allow a mechanic’s lien claim for delay-related damages, the district court would permit Amedeo to be unjustly enriched is withou

11
Durant Construction, Inc v. Gourleygreen
michctapp · 1983 · cited in 1 Nevada opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
1 sentence

2003A. Bock, Annotation, Validity and Effect of Provision in Contract Against Mechanic’s Lien, 76 A.L.R.2d 1087 , 1089 (1961); see, e.g., Durant Const., Inc. v. Gourley, 336 N.W.2d 856 (Mich. Ct. App. 1983); see also Landvatter Ready Mix, Inc. v. Buckey, 963 S.W.2d 298, 301 (Mo. Ct. App. 1997) (recognizing that “[i]t has long been the rule that a mechanic’s lien claim may be waived”). 10 See, e.g., 770 Ill.

11
Capron v. Stroutgreen
nev · 1876 · cited in 1 Nevada opinions naming this issue, 1914–1914
1 sentence

1914See, also, Capron v. Strout, 11 Nev. 304 .

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Nevada. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (18)

CaseCitedYears
Ray Heating Products, Inc. v. Miller green
nev · 1958
2 sentences

1985In Ray Heating Products v. Miller, supra, we held that a lien claim was not insufficient for failure to state the “terms, time given and conditions of the contract,” explaining that “if there are no special terms, time or conditions given, none can be stated, and in the absence of any such specifications, or proofs to the contrary, the law would presume that none existed, and that the materials were to be paid for on delivery.” 74 Nev. at 126 , 324 P.2d at 238 .

1985In Ray Heating Products v. Miller, supra, we held that a lien claim was not insufficient for failure to state the “terms, time given and conditions of the contract,” explaining that “if there are no special terms, time or conditions given, none can be stated, and in the absence of any such specifications, or proofs to the contrary, the law would presume that none existed, and that the materials were to be paid for on delivery.” 74 Nev. at 126 , 324 P.2d at 238 .

21970–1985
Milner v. Shuey green
nev · 1936
2 sentences

1970Relying on the authority of Porteous Decorative Co. Inc. v. Fee, 29 Nev. 375 , 91 P. 135 (1907), Close makes a multi-pronged attack upon the lien claim, contending it did not comply with NRS 108.060. 4 Porteous was impliedly overruled in Milner v. Shuey, 57 Nev. 159 , 60 P.2d 604 (1936), and in Ray Heating Prods.

1970Relying on the authority of Porteous Decorative Co. Inc. v. Fee, 29 Nev. 375 , 91 P. 135 (1907), Close makes a multi-pronged attack upon the lien claim, contending it did not comply with NRS 108.060. 4 Porteous was impliedly overruled in Milner v. Shuey, 57 Nev. 159 , 60 P.2d 604 (1936), and in Ray Heating Prods.

21958–1970
Marsh-McLennan Building, Inc. v. Clapp green
washctapp · 1999
1 sentence

2007Ct. 2004) (concluding that the doctrine of substantial compliance does not apply when the timeliness of serving notice is at issue, and thus, the trial court properly struck a mechanics’ lien claim since notice of the claim was not served until one month after the statutory time period allowed for service); American Standard Homes Corp. v. Reinecke, 425 S.E.2d 515, 518 (Va. 1993) (indicating that, unless a lien is perfected within the time outlined by statute, it is lost); Marsh-McLennan Bldg., Inc. v. Clapp, 980 P.2d 311 , 313 n.1 (Wash. Ct. App. 1999) (explaining that an unlawful detainer st

12007–2007
Hardin v. Jones green
nev · 1986
2 sentences

2007Ct. 2004) (concluding that the doctrine of substantial compliance does not apply when the timeliness of serving notice is at issue, and thus, the trial court properly struck a mechanics’ lien claim since notice of the claim was not served until one month after the statutory time period allowed for service); American Standard Homes Corp. v. Reinecke, 425 S.E.2d 515, 518 (Va. 1993) (indicating that, unless a lien is perfected within the time outlined by statute, it is lost); Marsh-McLennan Bldg., Inc. v. Clapp, 980 P.2d 311 , 313 n.1 (Wash. Ct. App. 1999) (explaining that an unlawful detainer st

2007Ct. 2004) (concluding that the doctrine of substantial compliance does not apply when the timeliness of serving notice is at issue, and thus, the trial court properly struck a mechanics’ lien claim since notice of the claim was not served until one month after the statutory time period allowed for service); American Standard Homes Corp. v. Reinecke, 425 S.E.2d 515, 518 (Va. 1993) (indicating that, unless a lien is perfected within the time outlined by statute, it is lost); Marsh-McLennan Bldg., Inc. v. Clapp, 980 P.2d 311 , 313 n.1 (Wash. Ct. App. 1999) (explaining that an unlawful detainer st

12007–2007
Paterson v. Condos green
nev · 1934
2 sentences

2003Const. v. Vaughn, 631 P.2d 688, 690 (Mont. 1981)). 7 See NRS 108.239(5) (requiring the district court to hear and determine mechanic’s lien claims in a summary way). 8 55 Nev. 134 , 28 P.2d 499 (1934). 9 100 Nev. 185 , 678 P.2d 679 (1984). 10 55 Nev. at 140 , 28 P.2d at 499 . 11 Id. at 142-43 , 28 P.2d at 500 . 12 100 Nev. at 186-87 , 678 P.2d at 680 . 13 Id. at 189-90 , 678 P.2d at 682 . 14 Id. at 190 , 678 P.2d at 682 . 15 Commercial’s argument that, by failing to allow a mechanic’s lien claim for delay-related damages, the district court would permit Amedeo to be unjustly enriched is withou

2003Const. v. Vaughn, 631 P.2d 688, 690 (Mont. 1981)). 7 See NRS 108.239(5) (requiring the district court to hear and determine mechanic’s lien claims in a summary way). 8 55 Nev. 134 , 28 P.2d 499 (1934). 9 100 Nev. 185 , 678 P.2d 679 (1984). 10 55 Nev. at 140 , 28 P.2d at 499 . 11 Id. at 142-43 , 28 P.2d at 500 . 12 100 Nev. at 186-87 , 678 P.2d at 680 . 13 Id. at 189-90 , 678 P.2d at 682 . 14 Id. at 190 , 678 P.2d at 682 . 15 Commercial’s argument that, by failing to allow a mechanic’s lien claim for delay-related damages, the district court would permit Amedeo to be unjustly enriched is withou

12003–2003
Udevco, Inc. v. Wagner green
nev · 1984
2 sentences

2003Const. v. Vaughn, 631 P.2d 688, 690 (Mont. 1981)). 7 See NRS 108.239(5) (requiring the district court to hear and determine mechanic’s lien claims in a summary way). 8 55 Nev. 134 , 28 P.2d 499 (1934). 9 100 Nev. 185 , 678 P.2d 679 (1984). 10 55 Nev. at 140 , 28 P.2d at 499 . 11 Id. at 142-43 , 28 P.2d at 500 . 12 100 Nev. at 186-87 , 678 P.2d at 680 . 13 Id. at 189-90 , 678 P.2d at 682 . 14 Id. at 190 , 678 P.2d at 682 . 15 Commercial’s argument that, by failing to allow a mechanic’s lien claim for delay-related damages, the district court would permit Amedeo to be unjustly enriched is withou

2003Const. v. Vaughn, 631 P.2d 688, 690 (Mont. 1981)). 7 See NRS 108.239(5) (requiring the district court to hear and determine mechanic’s lien claims in a summary way). 8 55 Nev. 134 , 28 P.2d 499 (1934). 9 100 Nev. 185 , 678 P.2d 679 (1984). 10 55 Nev. at 140 , 28 P.2d at 499 . 11 Id. at 142-43 , 28 P.2d at 500 . 12 100 Nev. at 186-87 , 678 P.2d at 680 . 13 Id. at 189-90 , 678 P.2d at 682 . 14 Id. at 190 , 678 P.2d at 682 . 15 Commercial’s argument that, by failing to allow a mechanic’s lien claim for delay-related damages, the district court would permit Amedeo to be unjustly enriched is withou

12003–2003
Burlington Northern Railroad Company v. Department Of Revenue Of The State Of Washington green
ca9 · 1991
1 sentence

2002(Emphasis added; citations omitted.) Burlington Northern v. Department of Revenue, 934 F.2d 1064 , 1069 (9th Cir. 1991); Adriana Intern.

12002–2002
Hays v. Pigg green
or · 1973
1 sentence

1990In Hayes v. Pigg, 515 P.2d 924 (Or. 1973), the Oregon court held: If the non-lienable charge is extremely small as compared to *713 the total item in which it is included, and if it is inserted without malicious intent, the rule of de minimum non curat lex should apply.

11990–1990
Porteous Decorative Co. v. Fee green
· 1907
1 sentence

1970Relying on the authority of Porteous Decorative Co. Inc. v. Fee, 29 Nev. 375 , 91 P. 135 (1907), Close makes a multi-pronged attack upon the lien claim, contending it did not comply with NRS 108.060. 4 Porteous was impliedly overruled in Milner v. Shuey, 57 Nev. 159 , 60 P.2d 604 (1936), and in Ray Heating Prods.

11970–1970
Lonkey v. Wells neutral
nev · 1881
1 sentence

1958Said claimant has duly performed all terms of said contract on its part to be performed, has furnished said labor and materials upon said contract. * * * That the market value of said services due to claimant is the sum of $1487.86, none of which has been paid.” (1) Respondents’ first contention is that this language did not comply with the requirement for a statement of the claimant’s “demand after deducting all just credits and offsets.” The same attack was made against a similar allegation in Milner et al. v. Shuey, 57 Nev. 159 , 60 P.2d 604 , 69 P.2d 771 , but the allegation consisting of

11958–1958
Warren v. Quade green
wash · 1892
2 sentences

1958Said claimant has duly performed all terms of said contract on its part to be performed, has furnished said labor and materials upon said contract. * * * That the market value of said services due to claimant is the sum of $1487.86, none of which has been paid.” (1) Respondents’ first contention is that this language did not comply with the requirement for a statement of the claimant’s “demand after deducting all just credits and offsets.” The same attack was made against a similar allegation in Milner et al. v. Shuey, 57 Nev. 159 , 60 P.2d 604 , 69 P.2d 771 , but the allegation consisting of

1958Said claimant has duly performed all terms of said contract on its part to be performed, has furnished said labor and materials upon said contract. * * * That the market value of said services due to claimant is the sum of $1487.86, none of which has been paid.” (1) Respondents’ first contention is that this language did not comply with the requirement for a statement of the claimant’s “demand after deducting all just credits and offsets.” The same attack was made against a similar allegation in Milner et al. v. Shuey, 57 Nev. 159 , 60 P.2d 604 , 69 P.2d 771 , but the allegation consisting of

11958–1958
Baird v. Ocequeda green
cal · 1937
2 sentences

1949Hooper v. Flood, 1880, 54 Cal. 218 , properly held: Demurrer for misjoinder should have been sustained as to defendant Flood alleged in the complaint and nominated in the lien claim to have been the agent of Irvine, the owner; that the word “cash” does not state terms, time given and conditions of contract, no longer required by 1187, Code of Civil Procedure, Baird v. Ocequeda, 8 Cal.2d 700 , 67 P.2d 1055 ; that statement of intervener “that materials were furnished for Irvine and Lien was claimed on his interest in the land and buildings,” was not a statement of owner or reputed owner.

1949Hooper v. Flood, 1880, 54 Cal. 218 , properly held: Demurrer for misjoinder should have been sustained as to defendant Flood alleged in the complaint and nominated in the lien claim to have been the agent of Irvine, the owner; that the word “cash” does not state terms, time given and conditions of contract, no longer required by 1187, Code of Civil Procedure, Baird v. Ocequeda, 8 Cal.2d 700 , 67 P.2d 1055 ; that statement of intervener “that materials were furnished for Irvine and Lien was claimed on his interest in the land and buildings,” was not a statement of owner or reputed owner.

11949–1949
Hooper v. Flood neutral
cal · 1880
1 sentence

1949Hooper v. Flood, 1880, 54 Cal. 218 , properly held: Demurrer for misjoinder should have been sustained as to defendant Flood alleged in the complaint and nominated in the lien claim to have been the agent of Irvine, the owner; that the word “cash” does not state terms, time given and conditions of contract, no longer required by 1187, Code of Civil Procedure, Baird v. Ocequeda, 8 Cal.2d 700 , 67 P.2d 1055 ; that statement of intervener “that materials were furnished for Irvine and Lien was claimed on his interest in the land and buildings,” was not a statement of owner or reputed owner.

11949–1949
Norton v. Bedell Engineering Co. green
calctapp · 1928
2 sentences

1949In Norton v. Bedell Engineering Co., 1928, 88 Cal.App. 777 , 264 P. 311 , where neither complaint nor lien claim stated, as required by 1187, C.C.P., kind of materials furnished or work done, objection to evidence was sustained without leave to amend despite 1203, C.C.P., “where complaint stated none of the material matters in the lien claim and did not attach or contain a copy of lien claim.” The court *368 there said it could not be ascertained from the complaint as to contents of lien notice, whether compensation was sought for lumber, hardware, paint, plaster or brick nor whether work perf

1949In Norton v. Bedell Engineering Co., 1928, 88 Cal.App. 777 , 264 P. 311 , where neither complaint nor lien claim stated, as required by 1187, C.C.P., kind of materials furnished or work done, objection to evidence was sustained without leave to amend despite 1203, C.C.P., “where complaint stated none of the material matters in the lien claim and did not attach or contain a copy of lien claim.” The court *368 there said it could not be ascertained from the complaint as to contents of lien notice, whether compensation was sought for lumber, hardware, paint, plaster or brick nor whether work perf

11949–1949
Hogan v. Bigler green
calctapp · 1908
2 sentences

1949In Hogan v. Bigler, 1908, 8 Cal.App. 71 , 96 P. 97 , strictly interpreting the statute as so many earlier cases did under statutes similar to our own, the court held that required statement, among other things, “the name of the person to whom he furnished the materials,” was not met where lien stated and complaint alleged that lumber was sold to Crawford and evidence without conflict shows sale to one Hambleton, and the lower court so found.

1949In Hogan v. Bigler, 1908, 8 Cal.App. 71 , 96 P. 97 , strictly interpreting the statute as so many earlier cases did under statutes similar to our own, the court held that required statement, among other things, “the name of the person to whom he furnished the materials,” was not met where lien stated and complaint alleged that lumber was sold to Crawford and evidence without conflict shows sale to one Hambleton, and the lower court so found.

11949–1949
George v. Wentworth neutral
nev · 1936
2 sentences

1936The question is governed by our ruling in George et al. v. Wentworth, 56 Nev. 380 , 53 P.2d 1193 , wherein we held that this provision was intended to impose an additional requirement upon an owner in order to exempt his property from the effect of a lien claim.

1936The question is governed by our ruling in George et al. v. Wentworth, 56 Nev. 380 , 53 P.2d 1193 , wherein we held that this provision was intended to impose an additional requirement upon an owner in order to exempt his property from the effect of a lien claim.

11936–1936
Riverside Fixture Co. v. Quigley neutral
· 1912
1 sentence

1936This provision relative to amending a lien claim was first incorporated in our lien act in 1911 (Stats. 1911, chap. 160), but notwithstanding this fact, this court, in the case of Riverside Fixture Co. v. Quigley, 35 Nev. 17 , 126 P. 545 , in which the rights of claimant evidently accrued prior to the 1911 amendment, held that where the rights of third parties had not intervened, an amendment would be allowed.

11936–1936
McClain v. Hutton green
· 1900
2 sentences

1935J. p. 230; McClain v. Hutton, 131 Cal. 132 , 61 P. 273 , 63 P. 182 , 622; N. C.

1935J. p. 230; McClain v. Hutton, 131 Cal. 132 , 61 P. 273 , 63 P. 182 , 622; N. C.

11935–1935

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NV § Nev. Rev. Stat. § 108.239 (4) NV § Nev. Rev. Stat. § 108.222 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

LA 128 (1899–2025) IL 126 (1882–2025) CA 96 (1868–2026) PA 94 (1858–2025) MO 53 (1881–2019) NJ 47 (1874–2024) NY 46 (1887–2025) WA 45 (1892–2025) TX 42 (1917–2024) FL 38 (1909–2025) MD 35 (1911–2021) MN 34 (1890–2016) OK 34 (1910–2021) OR 29 (1892–2023) CO 24 (1913–2025) GA 23 (1878–2025) AL 22 (1894–2018) WI 22 (1873–2022) NV 18 (1914–2020) UT 18 (1909–2025) ID 17 (1915–2024) NC 13 (1964–2024) CT 13 (1980–2017) IN 13 (1879–2015) ME 12 (1955–2018) AZ 12 (1968–2012) MI 11 (1934–2022) SD 10 (1911–2025) MT 9 (1919–2019) VA 9 (1966–2010) WY 8 (1940–2007) IA 8 (1961–2021) NM 7 (1931–2020) OH 7 (1894–2022) AR 6 (1905–2014) KY 6 (1869–2017) SC 4 (1997–2014) ND 4 (1952–1998) KS 4 (1938–2022) MA 3 (1973–2011) WV 3 (1911–1948) RI 3 (1991–1998) DE 3 (1938–2017) NE 3 (1897–1992) MS 3 (1924–2014) AK 2 (1977–1981) DC 2 (1979–1991) TN 2 (1944–1977)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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