lien claim (Oklahoma) · Go Syfert
← Oklahoma issues

lien claim in Oklahoma

34 Oklahoma opinions name it 2 courts 1910–2021 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Oklahoma courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (9)

CaseFollowedCited
Jones v. Purcell Investments, LLCgreen
oklacivapp · 2009 · cited in 2 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011See, e.g., Jones v. Purcell Investments, LLC, 2010 OK CIV APP 15, ¶ 2 , 231 P.3d 706, 707 .

2011See, e.g., Jones v. Purcell Investments, LLC, 2010 OK CIV APP 15, ¶ 2 , 231 P.3d 706, 707 .

22
Pierson v. American National Bank of Shawneegreen
okla · 1958 · cited in 3 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1964–1990
2 sentences

1966On the matter of the attor ney’s fee, the court held in the third paragraph of its syllabus that: “Title 42 O.S.1961, Sec. 176, provides, ‘In an action brought to enforce any lien the party for whom judgment is rendered shall be entitled to recover a reasonable attorney’s fee to be fixed by the court, which shall be taxed as costs in the action.’ Thereunder no attorney’s fee may be allowed the attorney for the defendant unless the final judgment be against the lien claim.” The cases of Oklahoma Farm Mortgage Co. v. Cesar, 178 Okl. 451 , 62 P.2d 1269 , and Pierson v. American National Bank of S

1966On the matter of the attorney's *303 fee, the court held in the third paragraph of its syllabus that: "Title 42 O.S. 1961 , Sec. 176, provides, `In an action brought to enforce any lien the party for whom judgment is rendered shall be entitled to recover a reasonable attorney's fee to be fixed by the court, which shall be taxed as costs in the action.' Thereunder no attorney's fee may be allowed the attorney for the defendant unless the final judgment be against the lien claim." The cases of Oklahoma Farm Mortgage Co. v. Cesar, 178 Okl. 451 , 62 P.2d 1269 , and Pierson v. American National Ban

13
Metropolitan Water Company v. Hildgreen
okla · 1966 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021Water Co. v. Hild, 1966 OK 96 , 415 P.2d 970, 977 (Berry, J., specially concurring) ("The right to claim a lien is a privilege granted by statute and the party to whom such right is extended unquestionably may waive the privilege."). ¶15 The essence of the subcontractor mechanics' and materialmen's lien statute has changed little since its enactment. 8 The language that a subcontractor, etc., may obtain a lien "from the same time, in the same manner, and to the same extent as the original contractor" and the language limiting the liability of the owner have been in the statute since its incep

2021Water Co. v. Hild, 1966 OK 96 , 415 P.2d 970, 977 (Berry, J., specially concurring) ("The right to claim a lien is a privilege granted by statute and the party to whom such right is extended unquestionably may waive the privilege."). ¶15 The essence of the subcontractor mechanics' and materialmen's lien statute has changed little since its enactment. 8 The language that a subcontractor, etc., may obtain a lien "from the same time, in the same manner, and to the same extent as the original contractor" and the language limiting the liability of the owner have been in the statute since its incep

11
Pursley v. MacK Energy Co.green
oklacivapp · 1995 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See Pursley v. Mack Energy Co., 1995 OK CIV APP 129 , 908 P.2d 289 (awarding attorney fees based on successful prosecution of a lien claim, but in an amount substantially less than requested).

2007See Pursley v. Mack Energy Co., 1995 OK CIV APP 129 , 908 P.2d 289 (awarding attorney fees based on successful prosecution of a lien claim, but in an amount substantially less than requested).

11
C-3 Builders, Inc. v. Kruegergreen
orctapp · 1982 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
2 sentences

2005The McGregor case liberally construed the concept of description of the owner in finding the description in the lien claim at issue was sufficient. ¶ 14 In C-3 Builders, Inc. v. Krueger, 56 Or.App. 502 , 642 P.2d 344, 345 (1982), the Oregon Court of Appeals applied the McGre-gor rule of liberal construction/ substantial compliance in deciding “whether the [property] description contained in [the lien claimant’s] first lien claim was sufficient to satisfy the [statutory] requirements.” The applicable Oregon statute required a description of the property to be charged with the lien sufficient fo

2005The McGregor case liberally construed the concept of description of the owner in finding the description in the lien claim at issue was sufficient. ¶ 14 In C-3 Builders, Inc. v. Krueger, 56 Or.App. 502 , 642 P.2d 344, 345 (1982), the Oregon Court of Appeals applied the McGre-gor rule of liberal construction/ substantial compliance in deciding “whether the [property] description contained in [the lien claimant’s] first lien claim was sufficient to satisfy the [statutory] requirements.” The applicable Oregon statute required a description of the property to be charged with the lien sufficient fo

11
Beneficial Finance Co. v. Wegmiller Bender Lumber Co.green
indctapp · 1980 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
1 sentence

2005Co., 402 N.E.2d 41, 45 (Ind.Ct.App. 1980), “to define the term ‘substantial compliance’ as applied in lien cases [and to identify] what elements are of importance in deciding whether there has been ‘substantial compliance’ in such cases.” The Beneficial Finance case states “[w]hether there has been substantial compliance by the lien claimant depends upon the degree of non-compliance with the letter of the statute, the policy which underlies the particular statutory provision in question, and the prejudice which may have resulted to either the owner of the property or other third parties who ha

11
Veiser v. Armstronggreen
okla · 1984 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
2 sentences

1989See also Veiser v. Armstrong, supra note 16 at 799; Smith v. Owens, Okl., 397 P.2d 673, 678 [1965] and Board of Education v. Philadelphia Fire & Mar.

1989See also Veiser v. Armstrong, supra note 16 at 799; Smith v. Owens, Okl., 397 P.2d 673, 678 [1965] and Board of Education v. Philadelphia Fire & Mar.

11
March v. Cacioppogreen
illappct · 1962 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
1 sentence

1989See March v. Cacioppo, 37 Ill.

11
Smith v. Owensgreen
okla · 1964 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
2 sentences

1989See also Veiser v. Armstrong, supra note 16 at 799; Smith v. Owens, Okl., 397 P.2d 673, 678 [1965] and Board of Education v. Philadelphia Fire & Mar.

1989See also Veiser v. Armstrong, supra note 16 at 799; Smith v. Owens, Okl., 397 P.2d 673, 678 [1965] and Board of Education v. Philadelphia Fire & Mar.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Oklahoma. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (36)

CaseCitedYears
Key v. Hill neutral
okla · 1923
2 sentences

1933In Key v. Hill, 93 Okla. 64 , 219 P. 308 , it was held that where laborer, mechanic, or materialman filed his claim within time in the office of the court clerk, and such lien claim gives the name of the owner, the name of the claimant, describes the property sought to be charged, fixes the amount of the claim and gives the date the last material was furnished, and the claim is signed by the claimant, it is not fatally defective and a nullity even though no itemized statement is attached thereto, and that upon the trial the court should permit the lien claim to be amended in furtherance of jus

1933In Key v. Hill, 93 Okla. 64 , 219 P. 308 , it was held that where laborer, mechanic, or materialman filed his claim within time in the office of the court clerk, and such lien claim gives the name of the owner, the name of the claimant, describes the property sought to be charged, fixes the amount of the claim and gives the date the last material was furnished, and the claim is signed by the claimant, it is not fatally defective and a nullity even though no itemized statement is attached thereto, and that upon the trial the court should permit the lien claim to be amended in furtherance of jus

51929–1984
Wass v. Vickery neutral
okla · 1929
2 sentences

1984Key v. Hill, 93 Okl. 64 , 219 P. 308 (1923); Sutherland Lumber Co. v. Gale, 136 Okl. 233 , 277 P. 242 (1929); Wass v. Vickery, 137 Okl. 552 , 278 P. 336 (1929).

1938Key v. Hill, 93 Okla. 64 , 219 P. 308 ; Wass v. Vickery, 137 Okla. 52 , 278 P. 336 ; Sutherland Lumber Co. v. Gale, 136 Okla. 233 , 277 P. 242 ; Newman v. Kirk, 164 Okla. 147 , 23 P.2d 163 .

21938–1984
Sutherland Lumber Co. v. Gale green
okla · 1929
2 sentences

1984Key v. Hill, 93 Okl. 64 , 219 P. 308 (1923); Sutherland Lumber Co. v. Gale, 136 Okl. 233 , 277 P. 242 (1929); Wass v. Vickery, 137 Okl. 552 , 278 P. 336 (1929).

1984Key v. Hill, 93 Okl. 64 , 219 P. 308 (1923); Sutherland Lumber Co. v. Gale, 136 Okl. 233 , 277 P. 242 (1929); Wass v. Vickery, 137 Okl. 552 , 278 P. 336 (1929).

21938–1984
Beebe v. Redward neutral
wash · 1904
2 sentences

1980As was said in Beebe v. Redward, 35 Wash. 615 , 77 P. 1052 , 1055: `It is at most only a tentative charge against the property it purports to bind, and is liable to be defeated * * * by showing that the indebtedness, or some considerable part thereof, is not owing.'" The lien claimant gets nothing before judgment.

1980As was said in Beebe v. Redward, 35 Wash. 615 , 77 P. 1052 , 1055: `It is at most only a tentative charge against the property it purports to bind, and is liable to be defeated * * * by showing that the indebtedness, or some considerable part thereof, is not owing.'" The lien claimant gets nothing before judgment.

21957–1980
Oklahoma Farm Mortgage Co. v. Cesar green
okla · 1936
2 sentences

1966On the matter of the attor ney’s fee, the court held in the third paragraph of its syllabus that: “Title 42 O.S.1961, Sec. 176, provides, ‘In an action brought to enforce any lien the party for whom judgment is rendered shall be entitled to recover a reasonable attorney’s fee to be fixed by the court, which shall be taxed as costs in the action.’ Thereunder no attorney’s fee may be allowed the attorney for the defendant unless the final judgment be against the lien claim.” The cases of Oklahoma Farm Mortgage Co. v. Cesar, 178 Okl. 451 , 62 P.2d 1269 , and Pierson v. American National Bank of S

1966On the matter of the attor ney’s fee, the court held in the third paragraph of its syllabus that: “Title 42 O.S.1961, Sec. 176, provides, ‘In an action brought to enforce any lien the party for whom judgment is rendered shall be entitled to recover a reasonable attorney’s fee to be fixed by the court, which shall be taxed as costs in the action.’ Thereunder no attorney’s fee may be allowed the attorney for the defendant unless the final judgment be against the lien claim.” The cases of Oklahoma Farm Mortgage Co. v. Cesar, 178 Okl. 451 , 62 P.2d 1269 , and Pierson v. American National Bank of S

21964–1966
Treece v. Carpenter neutral
okla · 1923
1 sentence

2021Its argument appears to be as follows: 1) pursuant to § 143, H2K can only have a lien to the "same extent" as Techsas and Techsas waived its lien in its subcontract with WSP, therefore, H2K cannot have any greater right to file a lien than Techsas; 2) it has long been established in Oklahoma that a subcontractor is charged with notice of the "original contract" and therefore, H2K had constructive notice of the lien waiver clause in the Techsas Contract (a subcontract); and 3) the lien waiver provision flows down to H2K and it is bound by it. ¶10 In support of their argument, the defendants c

12021–2021
Burchfield v. Bevans green
ca10 · 1957
2 sentences

2018Farmers cites for this doctrine the 10th Circuit case of Burchfield v. Bevans , 242 F.2d 239 (10th Cir. 1957). 4 The Burchfield case, however, was decided more than ten years before 42 O.S. § 43 was first enacted, and does not appear to address a hospital lien at all.

2018Farmers cites for this doctrine the 10th Circuit case of Burchfield v. Bevans , 242 F.2d 239 (10th Cir. 1957). 4 The Burchfield case, however, was decided more than ten years before 42 O.S. § 43 was first enacted, and does not appear to address a hospital lien at all.

12018–2018
Smith v. Westgate Oil Co. neutral
okla · 1936
2 sentences

2011Cf. Smith v. Westgate Oil Co., 1936 OK 94, ¶ 0 , 53 P.2d 1090 (Syllabus 3) (In an action by an attorney against his clients' adversary to recover an attorney fee due him from his client ... it is essential that the attorney preserve and perfect a lien on his clients' cause of action by indorsing a lien claim on his pleading or serving notice on his clients' adversary setting forth the nature of his lien and the extent thereof, prior to a settlement of his clients' cause of action or claim.").

2011Cf. Smith v. Westgate Oil Co., 1936 OK 94, ¶ 0 , 53 P.2d 1090 (Syllabus 3) (In an action by an attorney against his clients' adversary to recover an attorney fee due him from his client ... it is essential that the attorney preserve and perfect a lien on his clients' cause of action by indorsing a lien claim on his pleading or serving notice on his clients' adversary setting forth the nature of his lien and the extent thereof, prior to a settlement of his clients' cause of action or claim.").

12011–2011
Arkansas Department of Health & Human Services v. Ahlborn green
scotus · 2006
2 sentences

2010Ahlborn, 547 U.S. at 292 , 126 S.Ct. 1752 . [8] The Ahlborn Court expressly refrained from deciding whether a state could adopt special rules or procedures pertaining to allocation of tort settlement proceeds for the purpose of preventing Medicaid recipients from seeking to manipulate their damage allocations in order to limit or prevent states from asserting a claim for reimbursement.

2010Ahlborn, 547 U.S. at 292 , 126 S.Ct. 1752 . [8] The Ahlborn Court expressly refrained from deciding whether a state could adopt special rules or procedures pertaining to allocation of tort settlement proceeds for the purpose of preventing Medicaid recipients from seeking to manipulate their damage allocations in order to limit or prevent states from asserting a claim for reimbursement.

12010–2010
Johnson v. Stoval neutral
okla · 1914
2 sentences

2010Air Evac is entitled to enforce its lien against the settlement proceeds, and the trial court correctly *630 found that Air Evac is entitled to a portion of those proceeds. 16 On appeal, Parkland cites Johnson v. Stoval, 1914 OK 650 , 144 P. 1057 , suggesting that Air Evac did not respond or appear at the hearing because it was no longer asserting any interest in the proceeds.

2010Air Evac is entitled to enforce its lien against the settlement proceeds, and the trial court correctly *630 found that Air Evac is entitled to a portion of those proceeds. 16 On appeal, Parkland cites Johnson v. Stoval, 1914 OK 650 , 144 P. 1057 , suggesting that Air Evac did not respond or appear at the hearing because it was no longer asserting any interest in the proceeds.

12010–2010
State Ex Rel. Oklahoma Bar Ass'n v. Cummings green
okla · 1993
2 sentences

2003"A lawyer can assert a [statutory] ... charging lien [pursuant to 5 O.S. § 6] only when he (or she) has commenced an action on behalf of a client or filed an answer containing a counterclaim, and endorsed on the pleading a notice of a lien claim{,] [and the] charging lien ... attach[es] to the ultimate verdict, report, decision, finding or judgment that is entered in a client's action or counterclaim." Cummings, 1993 OK 127, ¶ 12 , 863 P.2d at 1169 . ¶8 On the other hand, the common law retaining lien is but "a lawyer's claim to retain a client's papers, money or property in his (or her) posse

2003"A lawyer can assert a [statutory] ... charging lien [pursuant to 5 O.S. § 6] only when he (or she) has commenced an action on behalf of a client or filed an answer containing a counterclaim, and endorsed on the pleading a notice of a lien claim{,] [and the] charging lien ... attach[es] to the ultimate verdict, report, decision, finding or judgment that is entered in a client's action or counterclaim." Cummings, 1993 OK 127, ¶ 12 , 863 P.2d at 1169 . ¶8 On the other hand, the common law retaining lien is but "a lawyer's claim to retain a client's papers, money or property in his (or her) posse

12003–2003
Swan-Sigler, Inc. v. Black green
okla · 1966
2 sentences

2002In Swan-Sigler, Inc. v. Black, 1966 OK 90 , 414 P.2d 300 , syl. 2 the Court held: [N]o attorney’s fee may be allowed the attorney for the defendant unless the final judgment be against the lien claim.

2002In Swan-Sigler, Inc. v. Black, 1966 OK 90 , 414 P.2d 300 , syl. 2 the Court held: [N]o attorney’s fee may be allowed the attorney for the defendant unless the final judgment be against the lien claim.

12002–2002
Manley v. Brown green
okla · 1999
2 sentences

2002Nevertheless, we have promulgated opinions instructive on the issue. {11 The primary issues presented in Manley v. Brown, 1999 OK 79 , 989 P.2d 448 involved the right of clients to proceed in a malpractice action against attorneys and a law firm for allegedly substandard performance in rendering trial and appellate service in defending against a subcontractor's lien claim.

2002Nevertheless, we have promulgated opinions instructive on the issue. {11 The primary issues presented in Manley v. Brown, 1999 OK 79 , 989 P.2d 448 involved the right of clients to proceed in a malpractice action against attorneys and a law firm for allegedly substandard performance in rendering trial and appellate service in defending against a subcontractor's lien claim.

12002–2002
Smith v. Thompson green
okla · 1965
1 sentence

1984This distinguishes the case at bar from Smith v. Thompson, Okl., 402 P.2d 882 (1965) in which the Court held that where liens were filed and recorded which had defective ac-knowledgements they did not operate to serve as constructive notice of the lien.

11984–1984
Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company v. Orr neutral
okla · 1957
2 sentences

1980We said in Hartford Accident and Indemnity v. Orr, Okl., 321 P.2d 373, 376-377 , (1958): “The filing of a lien claim is not ordinarily deemed the equivalent of the fact of the indebtedness which it concerns.

1980We said in Hartford Accident and Indemnity v. Orr, Okl., 321 P.2d 373, 376-377 , (1958) : "The filing of a lien claim is not ordinarily deemed the equivalent of the fact of the indebtedness which it concerns.

11980–1980
Stine v. United States neutral
ca8 · 1929
1 sentence

1956In denying an attorney’s fee the Federal Court stated [ 32 F.2d 742 ] : “In foreclosure cases, it is common knowledge that there are usually numerous defendants, brought in with the principal one, in order to clear the title of outstanding equities, liens, and claims.

11956–1956
Consolidated Cut Stone Co. v. Seidenbach green
okla · 1937
2 sentences

1953It is true that Consolidated Cut Stone Co. v. Seidenbach, 181 Okl. 578 , 75 P.2d 442, 444 , holds: “Where the'owner of a building has discharged a lien filed against his property by depositing with the court clerk the amount of the lien claim and exe *515 cuting a bond conditioned to pay attorney’s fee, court costs, and interest, as provided by section 10980, O.S.1931, 42 Okl.St.Ann. § 147, such owner is liable for attorney’s fee, court costs, and interest only in the event the claimant filing such lien recovers judgment on his claim in the amount for which such claim is filed.” We do not agre

1953It is true that Consolidated Cut Stone Co. v. Seidenbach, 181 Okl. 578 , 75 P.2d 442, 444 , holds: “Where the'owner of a building has discharged a lien filed against his property by depositing with the court clerk the amount of the lien claim and exe *515 cuting a bond conditioned to pay attorney’s fee, court costs, and interest, as provided by section 10980, O.S.1931, 42 Okl.St.Ann. § 147, such owner is liable for attorney’s fee, court costs, and interest only in the event the claimant filing such lien recovers judgment on his claim in the amount for which such claim is filed.” We do not agre

11953–1953
Newman v. Kirk green
okla · 1933
2 sentences

1938Key v. Hill, 93 Okla. 64 , 219 P. 308 ; Wass v. Vickery, 137 Okla. 52 , 278 P. 336 ; Sutherland Lumber Co. v. Gale, 136 Okla. 233 , 277 P. 242 ; Newman v. Kirk, 164 Okla. 147 , 23 P.2d 163 .

1938Key v. Hill, 93 Okla. 64 , 219 P. 308 ; Wass v. Vickery, 137 Okla. 52 , 278 P. 336 ; Sutherland Lumber Co. v. Gale, 136 Okla. 233 , 277 P. 242 ; Newman v. Kirk, 164 Okla. 147 , 23 P.2d 163 .

11938–1938
Herman v. Miller green
kan · 1876
1 sentence

1935In Johnson v. Johnston, supra, the lien claim was endorsed on the petition, but aside from the differences be *514 tween tlie cases cited and those cases and the one under consideration, we hold to the view held by Mr. Justice Brewer in Herman v. Miller, supra, that is, that the right to set off one judgment against another is not absolute, but that the equitable rights of the parties should be considered, and that when the rights of third parties intervene, as they do in this case, the court should hold the rights of such third parties as superior.

11935–1935
George H. Sampson Co. v. Commonwealth neutral
mass · 1911
11934–1934
Radichel v. Federal Surety Co. green
minn · 1927
1 sentence

1934“Held, that the lien claim is valid, even as against the surety; that the mere fact that the moneys used by the contractor in making the payment to the creditor were received by the contractor as part payment of the schoolhouse contract gave the surety no right at law o-r in equity to insist that such moneys be used solely or primarily in paying debts arising out of that schoolhouse job.” Other cases to the same general effect are Radichel v. Federal Surety Co. (Minn.) 212 N. W. 171 ; Meyer v. Cooper (Tenn.) 7 S. W. (2d) 38 ; National Surety Co. v. Southern Lumber & Supply Co. (Ark.) 24 S. W.

11934–1934
National Surety Co. v. Southern Lumber & Supply Co. green
ark · 1930
1 sentence

1934“Held, that the lien claim is valid, even as against the surety; that the mere fact that the moneys used by the contractor in making the payment to the creditor were received by the contractor as part payment of the schoolhouse contract gave the surety no right at law o-r in equity to insist that such moneys be used solely or primarily in paying debts arising out of that schoolhouse job.” Other cases to the same general effect are Radichel v. Federal Surety Co. (Minn.) 212 N. W. 171 ; Meyer v. Cooper (Tenn.) 7 S. W. (2d) 38 ; National Surety Co. v. Southern Lumber & Supply Co. (Ark.) 24 S. W.

11934–1934
Meyer v. Cooper green
tenn · 1928
11934–1934
Ex Parte Isabell neutral
oklacrimapp · 1924
11929–1929
Bryan v. Orient Lumber & Coal Co. green
okla · 1916
11927–1927
Jack v. National Bank green
okla · 1906
11926–1926
Citizens' Bank of Wakita v. Garnett green
· 1908
11926–1926
Kehoe v. Hansen neutral
sd · 1896
11925–1925
Holloway v. Wright neutral
okla · 1923
11925–1925
New v. Elliott neutral
okla · 1922
11924–1924
Security Benefit Ass'n v. Lloyd neutral
okla · 1924
11924–1924
Elsea Bros. v. Killian neutral
okla · 1913
11924–1924
Fleharty & Co. v. National Loan & Investment Co. neutral
okla · 1923
11924–1924
Burgess v. Crump neutral
okla · 1923
11924–1924
Smith v. Worster green
kan · 1898
11910–1910
Farmers' State Bank of Arkansas City v. Stephenson neutral
· 1909
11910–1910

Statutes the citing opinions construe

OK § Okla. Stat. tit. 42, § 176 (7) OK § Okla. Stat. tit. 42, § 142 (4) OK § Okla. Stat. tit. 42, § 141 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

LA 128 (1899–2025) IL 126 (1882–2025) CA 96 (1868–2026) PA 94 (1858–2025) MO 53 (1881–2019) NJ 47 (1874–2024) NY 46 (1887–2025) WA 45 (1892–2025) TX 42 (1917–2024) FL 38 (1909–2025) MD 35 (1911–2021) MN 34 (1890–2016) OK 34 (1910–2021) OR 29 (1892–2023) CO 24 (1913–2025) GA 23 (1878–2025) AL 22 (1894–2018) WI 22 (1873–2022) NV 18 (1914–2020) UT 18 (1909–2025) ID 17 (1915–2024) NC 13 (1964–2024) CT 13 (1980–2017) IN 13 (1879–2015) ME 12 (1955–2018) AZ 12 (1968–2012) MI 11 (1934–2022) SD 10 (1911–2025) MT 9 (1919–2019) VA 9 (1966–2010) WY 8 (1940–2007) IA 8 (1961–2021) NM 7 (1931–2020) OH 7 (1894–2022) AR 6 (1905–2014) KY 6 (1869–2017) SC 4 (1997–2014) ND 4 (1952–1998) KS 4 (1938–2022) MA 3 (1973–2011) WV 3 (1911–1948) RI 3 (1991–1998) DE 3 (1938–2017) NE 3 (1897–1992) MS 3 (1924–2014) AK 2 (1977–1981) DC 2 (1979–1991) TN 2 (1944–1977)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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