dual inquiry in Louisiana

96 Louisiana opinions name it 2 courts 1970–2022 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Louisiana courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (18)

Case	Followed	Cited
State v. Freemangreen la · 1983 · cited in 26 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1986–2022 2 sentences 2022Our Supreme Court has noted that “[i]n a non-homicide situation, the defense of self-defense requires a dual inquiry; an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.” State v. Freeman, 427 So.2d 1161, 1163 (La. 1983) (citation omitted). “[T]his [C]ourt has consistently declined to settle definitively on the issue of which party bears the burden of persuasion in proving self-defense in non-homicide cases.” State v. Abbott, 2017-0016, p.18 (La.App. 4 Cir. 6/14/17), 222 So.3d 847, 857 (q 2018When a case does not involve a homicide, "the defense of self-defense requires a dual inquiry; an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary." State v. Freeman , 427 So.2d 1161 , 1163 (La. 1983).	7	26
State v. Flukergreen lactapp · 1993 · cited in 9 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2000–2018 2 sentences 2018In State v.Fluker, 618 So.2d 459 ,462 (La.App. 4 Cir. 1993), W.V. notes that this Court held that "[i]n a non-homicide situation, the defense of justification requires a dual inquiry, namely: an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; and, a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary." This Circuit, he avers, has determined that the defense of justification is an affirmative defense which must be established by a preponderance of the evidence. 2017App. 4 Cir. 1993), this court recognized that "in a homicide case, the State bears the burden of proving that the killing was not committed in self-defense." However, "in a non-homicide situation, the defense of justification requires a dual inquiry, namely: an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; and ⅝ subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.” Id.	6	9
State v. Navarregreen lactapp · 1986 · cited in 3 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1991–2003 2 sentences 2003State v. Navarre, 498 So.2d 249, 252-253 (La.App. 1 Cir.1986). 1994State v. Navarre, 498 So.2d 249, 252-53 (La.App. 1st Cir.1986).	3	3
State v. Wrightgreen lactapp · 2000 · cited in 2 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2004–2010 2 sentences 2010See State v. Wright, 99-1137 (La.App. 3 Cir. 3/1/00) , 758 So.2d 301 , writ denied, State ex rel Wright v. State, XXXX-XXXX (La.3/9/01), 786 So.2d 118 ; State v. Barnes, 491 So.2d 42 (La.App. 5 Cir.1986). 2010See State v. Wright, 99-1187 (La.App. 3 Cir. 3/1/00) , 758 So.2d 301 , writ denied, State ex rel Wright v. State, 2000-1614 (La.3/9/01), 786 So.2d 118 ; State v. Banes, 491 So.2d 42 (La.App. 5 Cir.1986).	2	2
State Ex Rel. Wright v. Stategreen la · 2001 · cited in 2 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2004–2010 2 sentences 2010See State v. Wright, 99-1137 (La.App. 3 Cir. 3/1/00) , 758 So.2d 301 , writ denied, State ex rel Wright v. State, XXXX-XXXX (La.3/9/01), 786 So.2d 118 ; State v. Barnes, 491 So.2d 42 (La.App. 5 Cir.1986). 2010See State v. Wright, 99-1187 (La.App. 3 Cir. 3/1/00) , 758 So.2d 301 , writ denied, State ex rel Wright v. State, 2000-1614 (La.3/9/01), 786 So.2d 118 ; State v. Banes, 491 So.2d 42 (La.App. 5 Cir.1986).	2	2
State v. Willisgreen lactapp · 1991 · cited in 2 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1998–1999 2 sentences 1999State v. Willis, 591 So.2d 365, 370 (La.App. 1st Cir.1991), writ denied, 594 So.2d 1316 (La.1992). 1998State v. Willis, 591 So.2d 365, 370 (La.App. 1st Cir.1991), writ denied, 594 So.2d 1316 (La.1992).	2	2
Raybol v. Louisiana State Universitygreen la · 1988 · cited in 5 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1988–2000 2 sentences 1992Professor Johnson stated that Raybol, supra, went too far and inadvertently transformed the dual requirement that had long been applied into a single requirement. 1992In criticizing the reasoning in Raybol, supra, which transformed the dual requirement into a single requirement, Professor Johnson advised, “care should be exercised in the future to make sure that both requirements are kept alive and well; the courts may want and need to use both in future cases.” As mentioned earlier, Act 454 of 1989 amended LSA-R.S. 23:1031 to add Paragraph D, which provides: An injury by accident should not be considered as having arisen out of employment and thereby not covered by the provisions of this Chapter if the employer can establish that the injury arose out of a	1	5
State v. Hallgreen lactapp · 1992 · cited in 3 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1998–2002 2 sentences 2002“The issue of self-defense requires a dual inquiry: (1) an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; (2) a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.” State v. Anderson, 98-492, p. 10 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/28/98); 721 So.2d 1006, 1011 , writ denied, 98-2976 (La.3/19/99); 739 So.2d 781 (citing State v. Hall, 606 So.2d 972 (La.App. 3 Cir.1992), writ denied, 93-51 (La. 11/11/94); 644 So.2d 385 ). 2000This court has held in State v. Hall, 606 So.2d 972, 974-74 (La.App. 3 Cir.1992), writ denied, 93-51 (La. 11/11/94); 644 So.2d 385 that: “The issue of self-defense requires a dual inquiry: (1) an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable ^L^under the circumstances; [and] (2) a subjective inquiry into whether force was apparently necessary.	1	3
State v. Boudreauxgreen lactapp · 2010 · cited in 2 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2014–2017 2 sentences 2014With regard to the issue of self-defense, this Court in State v. Boudreaux, 2008-1504 (La.App. 4 Cir. 9/29/10) , 48 So.3d 1144 , stated as follows: In a non-homicide situation, the defense of self-defense requires a dual inquiry; an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary. 2014With regard to the issue of self-defense, this Court in State v. Boudreaux, 2008-1504 (La.App. 4 Cir. 9/29/10) , 48 So.3d 1144 , stated as follows: In a non-homicide situation, the defense of self-defense requires a dual inquiry; an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.	1	2
Jarman v. Jarmangreen lactapp · 1989 · cited in 2 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1990–1991 2 sentences 1991In Jarman v. Jarman, 540 So.2d 444 (La.App. 1st Cir.1989), this court addressed cruel treatment as follows: A finding of cruelty requires a dual analysis of the facts. 1990This court recently discussed cruel treatment in Jarman v. Jarman, 540 So.2d 444, 447 (La.App. 1st Cir.1989): A finding of cruelty requires a dual analysis of the facts.	1	2
State v. Abbottgreen lactapp · 2017 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022	1	1
State ex rel. A.W.green lactapp · 2014 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017	1	1
State v. Nailorgreen lactapp · 2011 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012	1	1
State v. Smithgreen lactapp · 2000 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006	1	1
David Dilmore, as the Representative of Ernest Dilmore, Deceased, Plaintiff v. James C. Stubbsgreen ca5 · 1981 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988	1	1
Barbara S. Clanton v. Orleans Parish School Boardgreen ca5 · 1981 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988	1	1
Wayne Ernest Barker v. Ben Norman and Jack Ballasgreen ca5 · 1981 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988	1	1
Henry Lee Bryan v. Clarence Jones, Sheriff, Henry Wade, District Attorney, Fidelity & Deposit Co.& Lena Giddensgreen ca5 · 1976 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Louisiana. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (62)

Case	Cited	Years
State v. Robinson neutral lactapp · 2003 2 sentences 2012State v. Linnear, supra; State v. Robinson, 37,043 (La.App.2d Cir.5/14/03), 848 So.2d 642 . 2008State v. Robinson, 37,043 (La.App. 2d Cir.5/14/03), 848 So.2d 642 .	7	2004–2012
State v. Ford green la · 1979 2 sentences 1986In Freeman, supra, at page 1163, the majority stated: In the non-homicide situation, the defense of self-defense requires a dual inquiry; an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.4 State v. Landry, supra ; State v. Ford, 368 So.2d 1074 (La.1979); State v. Guinn, supra . 1983In the non-homicide situation, the defense of self-defense requires a dual inquiry; an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary. [4] State v. Landry, supra ; State v. Ford, 368 So.2d 1074 (La.1979); State v. Guinn, supra .	6	1983–1998
State v. Landry green la · 1980 2 sentences 1984The defense of justification requires evidence on two points, as noted by the Supreme Court in State v. Landry, 381 So.2d 462 (La.1980), at p. 467: "Justification requires a dual inquiry. 1983In the non-homicide situation, the defense of self-defense requires a dual inquiry; an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary. [4] State v. Landry, supra ; State v. Ford, 368 So.2d 1074 (La.1979); State v. Guinn, supra .	6	1983–1992
State v. Perkins green lactapp · 1988 2 sentences 2019The issue of self-defense requires a dual inquiry: (1) an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; (2) a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary, State v. Perkins, 527 So.2d 48 (La.App. 3 Cir.1988). 2019The issue of self-defense requires a dual inquiry: (1) an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; (2) a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary, State v. Perkins, 527 So.2d 48 (La.App. 3 Cir.1988).	5	1998–2019
State v. Guinn green la · 1975 2 sentences 1986In Freeman, supra, at page 1163, the majority stated: In the non-homicide situation, the defense of self-defense requires a dual inquiry; an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.4 State v. Landry, supra ; State v. Ford, 368 So.2d 1074 (La.1979); State v. Guinn, supra . 1983In the non-homicide situation, the defense of self-defense requires a dual inquiry; an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary. [4] State v. Landry, supra ; State v. Ford, 368 So.2d 1074 (La.1979); State v. Guinn, supra .	5	1983–1998
Guillory v. Interstate Gas Station green la · 1995 2 sentences 2001In Guillory v. Interstate Gas Station, 94-1767 (La.3/30/95), 653 So.2d 1152 , the Louisiana Supreme Court discussed the requirements of LSA-R.S. 23:1032: The terms “arising out of’ and “in the course of’ constitute a dual requirement. 1997The Louisiana Supreme Court discussed the requirements of La.R.S. 23:1032 in Guillory v. Interstate Gas Station, 94-1767 (La. 3/30/95), 653 So.2d 1152 stating: The terms "arising out of" and "in the course of" constitute a dual requirement.	4	1997–2003
State v. Barnes green lactapp · 1986 2 sentences 2010See State v. Wright, 99-1187 (La.App. 3 Cir. 3/1/00) , 758 So.2d 301 , writ denied, State ex rel Wright v. State, 2000-1614 (La.3/9/01), 786 So.2d 118 ; State v. Banes, 491 So.2d 42 (La.App. 5 Cir.1986). 2003The Fifth Circuit in State v. Barnes, 491 So.2d 42 (La.App. 5 Cir.1986), citing State v. Freeman, 427 So.2d 1161 (La.1983) found: [I]n the non-homicide situation, the defense of self-defense requires a dual inquiry; an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.	3	2003–2010
State v. McClure neutral lactapp · 2001 2 sentences 2009State v. Robinson, supra, citing State v. McClure, 34,880 (La.App.2d Cir.08/22/01), 793 So.2d 454 . 2007Robinson, supra, citing State v. McClure, 34,880 (La.App. 2d Cir.08/22/01), 793 So.2d 454 .	3	2003–2009
State v. Cheatwood green la · 1984 2 sentences 2010Rev.Stat. 14:18; State v. Cheatwood, 458 So.2d 907 (La.1984). * * * As noted by this Court in State v. Fluker, 618 So.2d 459, 462 (La.App. 4 Cir.1993): "In a non-homicide situation, the defense of justification requires a dual inquiry, namely: an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable 1250 under the circumstances; and, a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary." Other courts of appeal in Louisiana have held that as an affirmative defense, the defendant has the burden of showing justification by a preponderance of the evidence. 2010*Rev.Stat. 14:18; State v. Cheatwood, 458 So.2d 907 (La.1984). [[Image here]] As noted by this Court in State v. Fluker, 618 So.2d 459, 462 (La.App. 4 Cir.1993): “In a non-homicide situation, the defense of justification requires a dual inquiry, namely: an objective inquiry into whether the force used was rea sonable under the circumstances; and, a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.” Other courts of appeal in Louisiana have held that as an affirmative defense, the defendant has the burden of showing justification by a preponderance of the evidence.	2	2010–2018
State v. Jefferson green lactapp · 2005 2 sentences 2014State v. Freeman, 427 So.2d 1161, 1163 (La.1983); State v. Jefferson, 2004-1960, pp. 9-10 (La.App. 4 Cir. 12/21/05), 922 So.2d 577, 587 . 2010State v. Freeman, 427 So.2d 1161, 1163 (La.1988); State v. Jefferson, 2004-1960, pp. 9-10 (La.App. 4 Cir. 12/21/05), 922 So.2d 577, 587 .	2	2010–2014
State v. Anderson green lactapp · 1998 2 sentences 2012“The issue of self-defense requires a dual inquiry: (1) an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; [and] (2) a \|7subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.” State v. Anderson, 98-492, p. 10 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/28/98), 721 So.2d 1006, 1011 , writ denied, 98-2976 (La.3/19/99), 739 So.2d 781 . 2002“The issue of self-defense requires a dual inquiry: (1) an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; (2) a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.” State v. Anderson, 98-492, p. 10 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/28/98); 721 So.2d 1006, 1011 , writ denied, 98-2976 (La.3/19/99); 739 So.2d 781 (citing State v. Hall, 606 So.2d 972 (La.App. 3 Cir.1992), writ denied, 93-51 (La. 11/11/94); 644 So.2d 385 ).	2	2002–2012
State v. Franklin green la · 1999 2 sentences 2012“The issue of self-defense requires a dual inquiry: (1) an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; [and] (2) a \|7subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.” State v. Anderson, 98-492, p. 10 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/28/98), 721 So.2d 1006, 1011 , writ denied, 98-2976 (La.3/19/99), 739 So.2d 781 . 2002“The issue of self-defense requires a dual inquiry: (1) an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; (2) a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.” State v. Anderson, 98-492, p. 10 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/28/98); 721 So.2d 1006, 1011 , writ denied, 98-2976 (La.3/19/99); 739 So.2d 781 (citing State v. Hall, 606 So.2d 972 (La.App. 3 Cir.1992), writ denied, 93-51 (La. 11/11/94); 644 So.2d 385 ).	2	2002–2012
State v. Woods green lactapp · 2002 2 sentences 2009In State v. Woods, on rehearing 2000-2712, p. 2 (La.App. 4 Cir. 9/11/02), 828 So.2d 6, 15 , this court addressed the doctrine of self-defense: As noted by this court in State v. Fluker, 618 So.2d 459, 462 (La.App. 4 Cir.1993): “In a non-homicide situation, the defense of justification requires a dual inquiry, namely: an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; and, a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.” See also State v. Freeman, 427 So.2d 1161 (La.1983); State v. Sparrow, 612 So.2d 191 (La.App. 4 Cir.1992). 2003In State v. Woods, 2000-2712, p. 10 (La.App. 4 Cir. 5/29/02), 828 So.2d 6, 15 , this court stated that "in the non-homicide situation, the defense of self-defense requires a dual inquiry; an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary." In the instant case, the eyewitness testimony given by Dorvilier and McClain, who had no interest in the case, described the defendants' attack upon the victim as unprovoked.	2	2003–2009
State v. Sparrow green lactapp · 1992 2 sentences 2009In State v. Woods, on rehearing 2000-2712, p. 2 (La.App. 4 Cir. 9/11/02), 828 So.2d 6, 15 , this court addressed the doctrine of self-defense: As noted by this court in State v. Fluker, 618 So.2d 459, 462 (La.App. 4 Cir.1993): “In a non-homicide situation, the defense of justification requires a dual inquiry, namely: an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; and, a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.” See also State v. Freeman, 427 So.2d 1161 (La.1983); State v. Sparrow, 612 So.2d 191 (La.App. 4 Cir.1992). 2002As noted by this court in State v. Fluker, 618 So.2d 459, 462 (La.App. 4 Cir. 1993): "In a non-homicide situation, the defense of justification requires a dual inquiry, namely: an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; and, a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary." See also State v. Freeman, 427 So.2d 1161 (La.1983); State v. Sparrow, 612 So.2d 191 (La.App. 4 Cir. 1992).	2	2002–2009
State v. Wallace neutral lactapp · 1999 2 sentences 2003State v. McClure, 34,880 (La.App.2d Cir.8/22/01), 793 So.2d 454 , citing State v. McBride, 00-00422 (La.App. 3d Cir.11/15/00), 773 So.2d 849 , writ denied, 01-0294 (La.2/8/02), 807 So.2d 858 , and State v. Wallace, 98-2450 (La.App. 1st Cir.9/24/99), 754 So.2d 991 . 2001State v. McBride, 00-00422, (La.App. 3d Cir.11/15/00), 773 So.2d 849 ; State v. Wallace, 98-2450 (La.App. 1st Cir.9/24/99), 754 So.2d 991 .	2	2001–2003
State v. McBride green lactapp · 2000 2 sentences 2003State v. McClure, 34,880 (La.App.2d Cir.8/22/01), 793 So.2d 454 , citing State v. McBride, 00-00422 (La.App. 3d Cir.11/15/00), 773 So.2d 849 , writ denied, 01-0294 (La.2/8/02), 807 So.2d 858 , and State v. Wallace, 98-2450 (La.App. 1st Cir.9/24/99), 754 So.2d 991 . 2001State v. McBride, 00-00422, (La.App. 3d Cir.11/15/00), 773 So.2d 849 ; State v. Wallace, 98-2450 (La.App. 1st Cir.9/24/99), 754 So.2d 991 .	2	2001–2003
State Ex Rel. Hall v. Whitley green la · 1994 2 sentences 2002“The issue of self-defense requires a dual inquiry: (1) an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; (2) a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary.” State v. Anderson, 98-492, p. 10 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/28/98); 721 So.2d 1006, 1011 , writ denied, 98-2976 (La.3/19/99); 739 So.2d 781 (citing State v. Hall, 606 So.2d 972 (La.App. 3 Cir.1992), writ denied, 93-51 (La. 11/11/94); 644 So.2d 385 ). 2000This court has held in State v. Hall, 606 So.2d 972, 974-74 (La.App. 3 Cir.1992), writ denied, 93-51 (La. 11/11/94); 644 So.2d 385 that: “The issue of self-defense requires a dual inquiry: (1) an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable ^L^under the circumstances; [and] (2) a subjective inquiry into whether force was apparently necessary.	2	2000–2002
May v. SISTERS OF CHARITY OF INCARNATE WORD neutral lactapp · 1995 2 sentences 2002May v. Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word, 26,490, p. 3-4 (La.App. 2 Cir. 3/1/95), 651 So.2d 375, 378 , writ denied, 95-0804 (La.5/5/95), 654 So.2d 329 . 1997May v. Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word, 26,490 (La.App.2d Cir. 3/1/95), 651 So.2d 375 .	2	1997–2002
State v. Willis green la · 1992 2 sentences 1999State v. Willis, 591 So.2d 365, 370 (La.App. 1st Cir.1991), writ denied, 594 So.2d 1316 (La.1992). 1998State v. Willis, 591 So.2d 365, 370 (La.App. 1st Cir.1991), writ denied, 594 So.2d 1316 (La.1992).	2	1998–1999
Patricia Pedelahore, Wife Of/and Norman Pedelahore v. Astropark, Inc. green ca5 · 1984	2	1985–1986
Robinson v. Vanguard Ins. Co. green lactapp · 1985	2	1986–1986
Robinson v. Vanguard Ins. Co. neutral la · 1985	2	1986–1986
Robinson v. Vanguard Ins. Co. green la · 1985 2 sentences 1986McBead Drilling Company v. Kremco, LTD., 490 So.2d 674 (La.App. 2d Cir.1986); Robinson v. Vanguard Insurance Company, 468 So.2d 1360 (La.App. 1st Cir.1985), writs denied 472 So.2d 34 (La.1985), 472 So.2d 924 (La.1985). 1986In Robinson v. Vanguard Insurance Company, 468 So.2d 1360 (La.App. 1st Cir. 1985), writs denied 472 So.2d 34 (La.1985), 472 So.2d 924 (La.1985), the court noted that in determining whether Louisiana has personal jurisdiction over a nonresident foreign corporation, a dual inquiry must be made. (1) Does the Louisiana Long Arm Statute provide for the assertion of jurisdiction in the context of the facts of the case; and (2) is the assertion of jurisdiction by Louisiana constitutionally permissible, that is, will the exercise of personal jurisdiction over the defendant be consonant with "tradition	2	1986–1986
P. C. Pfeiffer Co. v. Ford green scotus · 1979	2	1981–1984
State v. De Gruy green lactapp · 2017	1	2022–2022
State v. Williams neutral la · 2011	1	2019–2019
State v. Wischer green lactapp · 2004	1	2018–2018
State v. Baham neutral lactapp · 2015	1	2018–2018
State v. Baham neutral la · 2016	1	2018–2018
State v. Cooks green lactapp · 2011	1	2014–2014
State v. Dennis green la · 2012	1	2014–2014
Lenard v. Dilley green la · 2002	1	2013–2013
State v. Golson green lactapp · 1995	1	2012–2012
Blockburger v. United States green scotus · 1931	1	2012–2012
State v. Golson neutral la · 1997	1	2012–2012
State v. Brown green la · 2008	1	2008–2008
State v. Kirkland green lactapp · 2007	1	2008–2008
Perry v. United States green scotus · 1935	1	2003–2003
Caritas Services, Inc. v. Department of Social & Health Services green wash · 1994	1	2003–2003
United States Trust Co. of NY v. New Jersey green scotus · 1977	1	2003–2003

Statutes the citing opinions construe

LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 14:19 (44) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 14:34 (24) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 14:10 (21) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 14:27 (21) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 14:18 (19) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 14:21 (18) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 14:33 (17) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 14:2 (14) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 15:438 (14) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 14:34.1 (12) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 23:1031 (12) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 15:529.1 (11)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

IL 127 (1976–2023) LA 96 (1970–2022) ID 59 (1985–2026) TX 48 (1977–2023) NY 37 (1896–2025) CA 37 (1960–2026) MI 36 (1976–2025) PA 29 (1982–2023) OH 24 (1963–2023) KS 23 (1982–2022) WA 21 (1970–2021) MA 18 (1967–2025) WY 17 (1974–2018) FL 17 (1973–2018) MD 14 (1975–2026) MT 13 (1967–2022) UT 12 (1938–2017) IA 11 (1976–2021) MN 10 (1933–2013) IN 10 (1975–2020) MO 9 (1975–1995) SC 8 (2023–2026) NJ 8 (1979–2022) NM 7 (1990–2008) AZ 6 (1979–2014) OR 6 (1973–2026) DC 6 (1989–2021) KY 6 (1986–2022) TN 6 (2000–2026) CO 5 (1982–2016) GA 5 (1964–2024) DE 5 (1987–2019) HI 5 (2005–2022) OK 5 (1990–2011) NH 4 (1985–2015) NC 4 (2005–2022) MS 3 (1972–1991) WI 3 (2003–2015) ME 2 (1979–1983) CT 2 (1992–2009) ND 2 (1992–2002)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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