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83 New York opinions name it 12 courts 1887–2024 5 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Spielvogel v. Fordgreen2 sentences2003Rent Commn., 10 NY2d 263, 269 [1961].) Additionally, “[i]f any state of facts, known or to be assumed, justify the law, the court’s power of inquiry ends.” (Matter of Spielvogel v Ford, 1 NY2d 558, 562 [1956], appeal dismissed 352 US 957 [1957].) Where, as here, a party seeks facial nullification of a statute (as opposed to nullification as applied to a given set of facts), the party is required to show that “ ‘in any degree and in every conceivable application,’ the law suffers wholesale constitutional impairment.” (See Cohen v State of New York, 94 NY2d 1, 8 [1999], quoting McGowan v Burstei 1984(Matter of Spielvogel v Ford, 1 NY2d 558 , app dsmd 352 US 957 ; McKinney’s Cons Laws of NY, Book 1, Statutes, § 150, subd a.) It must also be presumed by the court that the legislative body has investigated and found the existence of a situation showing or indicating the need for or desirability of the local law, and if any state of facts known or to be assumed justifies the disputed measure, the court’s power of inquiry ends. | 2 | 5 |
Van Berkel v. Powergreen2 sentences2000“There is a further presumption that the Legislature has investigated and found facts necessary to support the legislation * * * as well as the existence of a situation showing or indicating its need or desirability * * * Thus, if any state of facts, known or to be assumed, justify the law, the court’s power of inquiry ends * * * “Under the doctrine of separation of powers, courts may not legislate * * * or extend legislation.” (See also, Matter of Van Berkel v Power, 16 NY2d 37, 40 [1965]; Fenster v Leary, 20 NY2d 309, 314 [1967]; People v Pagnotta, 25 NY2d 333, 337 [1969].) To prevail on thi 1998(See also, Matter of Van Berkel v Power, 16 NY2d 37, 40 [1965]; Fenster v Leary, 20 NY2d 309, 314 [1967]; People v Pagnotta, 25 NY2d 333, 337 [1969].) To prevail on this motion, therefore, the defendant must demonstrate, beyond a reasonable doubt, exactly how the statute violates a constitutionally protected right. | 2 | 4 |
Zachariou v. Maniosgreen2 sentences2024Similarly, "[w]here there is a broad arbitration clause and the parties' agreement specifically incorporates by reference the AAA rules providing that the arbitration panel shall have the power to rule on its own jurisdiction, courts will leave the question of arbitrability to the arbitrators." Zachariou v. Manios , 68 AD3d 539, 539 (1st Dep't 2009) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted); see also Flintlock Const. Servs, LLC v. Weiss , 122 AD3d 51, 54 (1st Dep't 2014) ("Where parties agree that the AAA rules will govern, questions concerning the scope and validity of the arbitration a 2016Relatedly, this Court has previously held that where there is a broad arbitration clause and the parties’ agreement specifically incorporates by reference the American Arbitration Association rules providing that the arbitration panel shall have the power to rule on its own jurisdiction, the gateway issue of arbitrability belongs to the arbitrators (Zachariou v Manios, 68 AD3d 539, 539 [1st Dept 2009]; see Life Receivables Trust v Goshawk Syndicate 102 at Lloyd’s, 66 AD3d 495 , 495-496 [1st Dept 2009], affd 14 NY3d 850 [2010], cert denied 562 US 962 [2010]). | 2 | 2 |
ADC Orange, Inc. v. Coyote Acres, Inc.green2 sentences2013In the parties’ contract, petitioner agreed that arbitration would take place pursuant to the International Arbitration Rules of the International Centre for Dispute Resolution, and article 15 (1) of those rules provides that the arbitrator “shall have the power to rule on its own jurisdiction, including any objections with respect to the . . . scope ... of the arbitration agreement.” In addition, petitioner prevented respondent from conducting the audit that petitioner now contends, in essence, was a condition precedent to awarding underreported royalties. “[A] party to a contract cannot rely 2013In the parties’ contract, petitioner agreed that arbitration would take place pursuant to the International Arbitration Rules of the International Centre for Dispute Resolution, and article 15 (1) of those rules provides that the arbitrator “shall have the power to rule on its own jurisdiction, including any objections with respect to the . . . scope ... of the arbitration agreement.” In addition, petitioner prevented respondent from conducting the audit that petitioner now contends, in essence, was a condition precedent to awarding underreported royalties. “[A] party to a contract cannot rely | 2 | 2 |
DeCapua v. Dine-A-Mate, Inc.green2 sentences2013In the parties’ contract, petitioner agreed that arbitration would take place pursuant to the International Arbitration Rules of the International Centre for Dispute Resolution, and article 15 (1) of those rules provides that the arbitrator “shall have the power to rule on its own jurisdiction, including any objections with respect to the . . . scope ... of the arbitration agreement.” In addition, petitioner prevented respondent from conducting the audit that petitioner now contends, in essence, was a condition precedent to awarding underreported royalties. “[A] party to a contract cannot rely 2013In the parties’ contract, petitioner agreed that arbitration would take place pursuant to the International Arbitration Rules of the International Centre for Dispute Resolution, and article 15 (1) of those rules provides that the arbitrator “shall have the power to rule on its own jurisdiction, including any objections with respect to the . . . scope ... of the arbitration agreement.” In addition, petitioner prevented respondent from conducting the audit that petitioner now contends, in essence, was a condition precedent to awarding underreported royalties. “[A] party to a contract cannot rely | 2 | 2 |
Fenster v. Learygreen2 sentences2000“There is a further presumption that the Legislature has investigated and found facts necessary to support the legislation * * * as well as the existence of a situation showing or indicating its need or desirability * * * Thus, if any state of facts, known or to be assumed, justify the law, the court’s power of inquiry ends * * * “Under the doctrine of separation of powers, courts may not legislate * * * or extend legislation.” (See also, Matter of Van Berkel v Power, 16 NY2d 37, 40 [1965]; Fenster v Leary, 20 NY2d 309, 314 [1967]; People v Pagnotta, 25 NY2d 333, 337 [1969].) To prevail on thi 1998(See also, Matter of Van Berkel v Power, 16 NY2d 37, 40 [1965]; Fenster v Leary, 20 NY2d 309, 314 [1967]; People v Pagnotta, 25 NY2d 333, 337 [1969].) To prevail on this motion, therefore, the defendant must demonstrate, beyond a reasonable doubt, exactly how the statute violates a constitutionally protected right. | 2 | 2 |
People v. Pagnottagreen2 sentences2000“There is a further presumption that the Legislature has investigated and found facts necessary to support the legislation * * * as well as the existence of a situation showing or indicating its need or desirability * * * Thus, if any state of facts, known or to be assumed, justify the law, the court’s power of inquiry ends * * * “Under the doctrine of separation of powers, courts may not legislate * * * or extend legislation.” (See also, Matter of Van Berkel v Power, 16 NY2d 37, 40 [1965]; Fenster v Leary, 20 NY2d 309, 314 [1967]; People v Pagnotta, 25 NY2d 333, 337 [1969].) To prevail on thi 1998(See also, Matter of Van Berkel v Power, 16 NY2d 37, 40 [1965]; Fenster v Leary, 20 NY2d 309, 314 [1967]; People v Pagnotta, 25 NY2d 333, 337 [1969].) To prevail on this motion, therefore, the defendant must demonstrate, beyond a reasonable doubt, exactly how the statute violates a constitutionally protected right. | 2 | 2 |
Life Receivables Trust v. Goshawk Syndicate 102 at Lloyd'sgreen2 sentences2022The agreement's arbitration provision, which stipulated Chicago or New York as the place for arbitration, applies to "all disputes of any kind," and incorporates the rules of the CPR, including the rules that give CPR arbitrators the power to rule on their own jurisdiction to decide what, if any, issues are not to be decided by the arbitrator ( see Life Receivables Trust v Goshawk Syndicate 102 at Lloyd's , 66 AD3d 495 , 496 [1st Dept 2009], affd 14 NY3d 850 [2010], cert denied 562 US 962 [2010]). 2016Relatedly, this Court has previously held that where there is a broad arbitration clause and the parties’ agreement specifically incorporates by reference the American Arbitration Association rules providing that the arbitration panel shall have the power to rule on its own jurisdiction, the gateway issue of arbitrability belongs to the arbitrators (Zachariou v Manios, 68 AD3d 539, 539 [1st Dept 2009]; see Life Receivables Trust v Goshawk Syndicate 102 at Lloyd’s, 66 AD3d 495 , 495-496 [1st Dept 2009], affd 14 NY3d 850 [2010], cert denied 562 US 962 [2010]). | 1 | 3 |
Life Settlement Corp. v. Goshawk Syndicate 102 at Lloyd'sgreen2 sentences2022The agreement's arbitration provision, which stipulated Chicago or New York as the place for arbitration, applies to "all disputes of any kind," and incorporates the rules of the CPR, including the rules that give CPR arbitrators the power to rule on their own jurisdiction to decide what, if any, issues are not to be decided by the arbitrator ( see Life Receivables Trust v Goshawk Syndicate 102 at Lloyd's , 66 AD3d 495 , 496 [1st Dept 2009], affd 14 NY3d 850 [2010], cert denied 562 US 962 [2010]). 2016Relatedly, this Court has previously held that where there is a broad arbitration clause and the parties’ agreement specifically incorporates by reference the American Arbitration Association rules providing that the arbitration panel shall have the power to rule on its own jurisdiction, the gateway issue of arbitrability belongs to the arbitrators (Zachariou v Manios, 68 AD3d 539, 539 [1st Dept 2009]; see Life Receivables Trust v Goshawk Syndicate 102 at Lloyd’s, 66 AD3d 495 , 495-496 [1st Dept 2009], affd 14 NY3d 850 [2010], cert denied 562 US 962 [2010]). | 1 | 2 |
Smith Barney Shearson Inc. v. Sacharowgreen2 sentences2020That section provides that "[t]he [arbitration] hearing shall be conducted in accordance with the Voluntary Labor Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association." The AAA Rules, in turn, provide that "[t]he parties shall be deemed to have made these rules a part of their arbitration agreement whenever, in a collective bargaining agreement or submission, they have provided for arbitration by the American Arbitration Association." The AAA Rules go on to specify, under the subdivision titled "Jurisdiction," that "[t]he arbitrator shall have the power to rule on his or her own jurisdict 2009Although the question of arbitrability is generally an issue for judicial determination, when the parties’ agreement specifically incorporates by reference the AAA rules, which provide that “[t]he tribunal shall have the power to rule on its own jurisdiction, including any objections with respect to the existence, scope or validity of the arbitration agreement,” and employs language referring “all disputes” to arbitration, courts will “leave the question of arbitrability to the arbitrators” (see Matter of Smith Barney Shearson v Sacharow, 91 NY2d 39, 47 [1997] [internal quotation marks omitted | 1 | 2 |
Holtzman v. Goldmangreen2 sentences2019The court also did not have the power to terminate the criminal proceeding by entering a trial order of dismissal on the merits, since no trial had been commenced ( see Matter of Holtzman , 71 NY2d 564, 571 [finding that the plain language of the statute authorizing a trial order of dismissal "manifests the Legislature's intention only to grant the court the power to rule on insufficiency, not the power to terminate the proceedings by default"]; People v Sullivan , 142 AD2d 695 [1988]; People v Chisholm , 140 AD2d 534 [1988]; Tartaglione , 5 Misc 3d 126[A] , 2004 NY Slip Op 51190[U] ). 1996"The plain language of the statute manifests the Legislature’s intention only to grant the court the power to rule on insufficiency, not the power to terminate the proceedings by default” (Matter of Holtzman v Goldman, 71 NY2d 564, 571 ). | 1 | 2 |
Matter of Flintlock Constr. Servs., LLC v. Weissgreen1 sentence2024Similarly, "[w]here there is a broad arbitration clause and the parties' agreement specifically incorporates by reference the AAA rules providing that the arbitration panel shall have the power to rule on its own jurisdiction, courts will leave the question of arbitrability to the arbitrators." Zachariou v. Manios , 68 AD3d 539, 539 (1st Dep't 2009) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted); see also Flintlock Const. Servs, LLC v. Weiss , 122 AD3d 51, 54 (1st Dep't 2014) ("Where parties agree that the AAA rules will govern, questions concerning the scope and validity of the arbitration a | 1 | 1 |
In re O'Connellgreen1 sentence2023See In re O'Connell , 98 AD3d 673 (2nd Dept. 2012). | 1 | 1 |
Zumpano v. Quinngreen1 sentence2019Although courts have the power to bar the assertion of the affirmative defense of statute of limitations where a defendant's affirmative wrongdoing produced the delay between the accrual of the cause of action and the institution of the legal proceeding, plaintiff failed to sustain his burden of showing that there was an issue of fact as to whether he was induced by defendant's fraud, misrepresentation, or deception to delay in adding defendant to the action he had filed against others ( see Zumpano v Quinn , 6 NY3d 666, 673-674 [2006]). | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Philip Morris Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Partygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Brockport Sweden Property Owners Ass'n v. Village of Brockportgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Metropolitan Taxicab Board of Trade v. New York City Taxi & Limousine Commissiongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Cohen v. State of NYgreen | 1 | 1 |
| In re Lake Placid Co.green | 1 | 1 |
| I. L. F. Y. Co. v. Temporary State Housing Rent Commissiongreen | 1 | 1 |
| McGowan v. Bursteingreen | 1 | 1 |
| Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fundgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Claim of Raymond v. Estate of Davisgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
United States v. Carolene Products Co.
green
2 sentences1990If any state of facts, known or to be assumed, justify the law, the court’s power of inquiry ends (United States v. Carolene Products Co., 304 U. S. 144, 154 ). 1988"If any state of facts, known or to be assumed, justify [sic] the law, the court’s power of inquiry ends (United States v. Carolene Products Co., 304 U.S. 144, 154 ). | 19 | 1956–1990 |
Olsen v. Nebraska Ex Rel. Western Reference & Bond Assn., Inc.
green
2 sentences1990Questions as to wisdom, need or appropriateness are for the Legislature (Olsen v. Nebraska, 313 U. S. 236, 246 ). 1988Questions as to wisdom, need or appropriateness are for the Legislature (Olsen v. Nebraska, 313 U.S. 236, 246 )” (Defiance Milk Prods. | 16 | 1956–1990 |
Spielvogel v. Ford
neutral
2 sentences2003Rent Commn., 10 NY2d 263, 269 [1961].) Additionally, “[i]f any state of facts, known or to be assumed, justify the law, the court’s power of inquiry ends.” (Matter of Spielvogel v Ford, 1 NY2d 558, 562 [1956], appeal dismissed 352 US 957 [1957].) Where, as here, a party seeks facial nullification of a statute (as opposed to nullification as applied to a given set of facts), the party is required to show that “ ‘in any degree and in every conceivable application,’ the law suffers wholesale constitutional impairment.” (See Cohen v State of New York, 94 NY2d 1, 8 [1999], quoting McGowan v Burstei 1984(Matter of Spielvogel v Ford, 1 NY2d 558 , app dsmd 352 US 957 ; McKinney’s Cons Laws of NY, Book 1, Statutes, § 150, subd a.) It must also be presumed by the court that the legislative body has investigated and found the existence of a situation showing or indicating the need for or desirability of the local law, and if any state of facts known or to be assumed justifies the disputed measure, the court’s power of inquiry ends. | 5 | 1975–2003 |
Defiance Milk Products Co. v. Du Mond
green
2 sentences1996Co. v Du Mond, 309 NY 537, 541 ; New York State Socy. of Enrolled Agents v New York State Div. of Tax Appeals, 161 AD2d 1 ). 1992Co. v Du Mond, 309 NY 537, 541 ; New York State Socy. of Enrolled Agents v New York State Div. of Tax Appeals, 161 AD2d 1 ). | 5 | 1974–1996 |
Matter of Jones v. Bronx County Supreme Ct.
green
2 sentences2021Matter of WN Partner, LLC v Baltimore Orioles L.P. , 179 AD3d 14 [1st Dept 2019]; Skyline Steel, LLC v PilePro LLC , 139 AD3d 646 [1st Dept 2016]; Matter of Gramercy Advisors LLC v J.A. 2019Those rules include Rule 7(a), pursuant to which an "arbitrator shall have the power to rule on his or her own jurisdiction, including any objections with respect to the existence, scope or validity of the arbitration agreement or to the arbitrability of any claim or counterclaim." These provisions evince a clear and unmistakable intent to delegate the threshold arbitrability question of whether MLB had a financial interest in the Nationals to the AAA ( see Skyline Steel, LLC v PilePro LLC , 139 AD3d 646 , 646 [1st Dept 2016] ["(b)oth the arbitration clause and the JAMS rule incorporated there | 3 | 2019–2021 |
Bright Homes, Inc. v. Wright
green
2 sentences1979"Under the doctrine of separation of powers, courts may not legislate (Bright Homes v Wright, 8 NY2d 157, 162 ; Matter of Metropolitan Life Ins. 1977"Under the doctrine of separation of powers, courts may not legislate (Bright Homes v Wright, 8 NY2d 157, 162 ; Matter of Metropolitan Life Ins. | 3 | 1975–1979 |
First Options of Chicago, Inc. v. Kaplan
green
2 sentences2020That section provides that "[t]he [arbitration] hearing shall be conducted in accordance with the Voluntary Labor Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association." The AAA Rules, in turn, provide that "[t]he parties shall be deemed to have made these rules a part of their arbitration agreement whenever, in a collective bargaining agreement or submission, they have provided for arbitration by the American Arbitration Association." The AAA Rules go on to specify, under the subdivision titled "Jurisdiction," that "[t]he arbitrator shall have the power to rule on his or her own jurisdict 2009Thus, far from being silent or ambiguous about the question of who should decide arbitrability, the arbitration agreement provides objective and unequivocal proof that the parties did “focus upon that question [and] upon the significance of having arbitrators decide the scope of their own powers” (First Options, 514 US at 945 ). | 2 | 2009–2020 |
Wiggins v. Town of Somers
green
2 sentences2005There is, however, a strong presumption in favor of constitutionality (People v Epton, 19 NY2d 496 [1967], cert denied 390 US 29 [1968]; Matter of Stubbe v Adamson, 220 NY 459 [1917]), and this presumption has been extended to municipal ordinances (People v Scott, 26 NY2d 286 [1970]; Wiggins v Town of Somers, 4 NY2d 215 [1958]). 1988Thus, as to reasonableness, [the defendant has] the burden of showing that 'no reasonable basis at all’ existed for the challenged portions of the ordinance.” (Lighthouse Shores v Town of Islip, supra, at 11-12.) To the same effect, that the defendant may not succeed unless he shows that there is no reasonable basis at all for the challenged local law, see Matter of Van Berkel v Power ( 16 NY2d 37, 40 ), Wiggins v Town of Somers ( 4 NY2d 215, 218-219 ), I. | 2 | 1988–2005 |
New York State Society of Enrolled Agents v. New York State Division of Tax Appeals
green
2 sentences1996Co. v Du Mond, 309 NY 537, 541 ; New York State Socy. of Enrolled Agents v New York State Div. of Tax Appeals, 161 AD2d 1 ). 1992Co. v Du Mond, 309 NY 537, 541 ; New York State Socy. of Enrolled Agents v New York State Div. of Tax Appeals, 161 AD2d 1 ). | 2 | 1992–1996 |
People v. Hinton
green
2 sentences1988And when justice has been done, public awareness 'serve[s] to instill a sense of public trust in our judicial process’ (People v Hinton, 31 NY2d 71, 73 ) by assuring the innocent and impressing the guilty with the power of the rule of law. 1979And when justice has been done, public awareness "serve[s] to instill a sense of public trust in our judicial process” (People v Hinton, 31 NY2d 71, 73 ) by assuring the innocent and impressing the guilty with the power of the rule of law. | 2 | 1979–1988 |
General Stencils, Inc. v. Chiappa
green
2 sentences1981New York courts have long had the power to bar assertion of the limitations defense when the delay between accrual of the cause of action and the commencement of suit is the product of defendant’s wrongdoing (General Stencils v Chiappa, 18 NY2d 125 ; see, also, General Obligations Law, § 17-103, subd 4). 1981The request by Ram that the libelous statement not be disclosed brings into play the analysis in General Stencils v Chiappa ( 18 NY2d 125, 128 ) where the Court of Appeals made the point that when the defendant carefully conceals the violation, the court has the power to bar the assertion of the affirmative defense of the Statute of Limitations. | 2 | 1981–1981 |
People v. Chisholm
green
1 sentence2019The court also did not have the power to terminate the criminal proceeding by entering a trial order of dismissal on the merits, since no trial had been commenced ( see Matter of Holtzman , 71 NY2d 564, 571 [finding that the plain language of the statute authorizing a trial order of dismissal "manifests the Legislature's intention only to grant the court the power to rule on insufficiency, not the power to terminate the proceedings by default"]; People v Sullivan , 142 AD2d 695 [1988]; People v Chisholm , 140 AD2d 534 [1988]; Tartaglione , 5 Misc 3d 126[A] , 2004 NY Slip Op 51190[U] ). | 1 | 2019–2019 |
People v. Sullivan
green
1 sentence2019The court also did not have the power to terminate the criminal proceeding by entering a trial order of dismissal on the merits, since no trial had been commenced ( see Matter of Holtzman , 71 NY2d 564, 571 [finding that the plain language of the statute authorizing a trial order of dismissal "manifests the Legislature's intention only to grant the court the power to rule on insufficiency, not the power to terminate the proceedings by default"]; People v Sullivan , 142 AD2d 695 [1988]; People v Chisholm , 140 AD2d 534 [1988]; Tartaglione , 5 Misc 3d 126[A] , 2004 NY Slip Op 51190[U] ). | 1 | 2019–2019 |
People v. Roesch
green
1 sentence2019As, under the circumstances presented, the District Court lacked the authority to dismiss the simplified traffic information, the accusatory instrument should not have been dismissed ( see Douglass , 60 NY2d at 205 ; People v Spellman , 233 AD2d 254 [1996]; People v Roesch , 163 AD2d 429 [1990]). | 1 | 2019–2019 |
Bloom v. Teachers' Retirement System
green
1 sentence2019As, under the circumstances presented, the District Court lacked the authority to dismiss the simplified traffic information, the accusatory instrument should not have been dismissed ( see Douglass , 60 NY2d at 205 ; People v Spellman , 233 AD2d 254 [1996]; People v Roesch , 163 AD2d 429 [1990]). | 1 | 2019–2019 |
People v. Douglass
green
1 sentence2019As, under the circumstances presented, the District Court lacked the authority to dismiss the simplified traffic information, the accusatory instrument should not have been dismissed ( see Douglass , 60 NY2d at 205 ; People v Spellman , 233 AD2d 254 [1996]; People v Roesch , 163 AD2d 429 [1990]). | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| State v. Philip Morris Inc. green | 1 | 2016–2016 |
| City of Rochester for a Warrant To Inspect 449 Cedarwood Terrace v. City of Rochester green | 1 | 2013–2013 |
| People v. Hanks neutral | 1 | 2013–2013 |
| Corsello v. Verizon New York, Inc. green | 1 | 2013–2013 |
| Matter of Stubbe v. . Adamson green | 1 | 2005–2005 |
| Epton v. New York green | 1 | 2005–2005 |
| Goldblatt v. Town of Hempstead green | 1 | 2005–2005 |
| People v. Epton green | 1 | 2005–2005 |
| People v. Scott green | 1 | 2005–2005 |
| Brandon, Jones, Sandall, Zeide, Kohn, Chalal & Musso, P.A. v. MedPartners, Inc. green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| Sleeper Farms v. Agway, Inc. green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| In re the Election of Directors of R. Hoe & Co. green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| Allardice v. Isthmian Steamship Co. neutral | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| In re the Election of Directors of R. Hoe & Co. neutral | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| In re the Adoption of Malpica-Orsini green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| Sullivan v. Siebert green | 1 | 2001–2001 |
| Winner v. Cuomo green | 1 | 2001–2001 |
| Anderson v. Regan green | 1 | 2001–2001 |
| Watkins v. United States green | 1 | 1997–1997 |
| People, Ex Rel. McDonald v. . Keeler green | 1 | 1997–1997 |
| Town of East Hampton v. Cuomo green | 1 | 1996–1996 |
| Metropolitan Life Insurance v. Ward green | 1 | 1994–1994 |
| County of Onondaga v. Sargent green | 1 | 1989–1989 |
| Westchester Rockland Newspapers, Inc. v. Leggett green | 1 | 1988–1988 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.