test rule (Texas) · Go Syfert
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test rule in Texas

81 Texas opinions name it 3 courts 1925–2024 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (36)

CaseFollowedCited
Foree v. Crown Central Petroleum Corporationgreen
tex · 1968 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1981–1998
2 sentences

1984The court in Foree v. Crown Central Petroleum Corporation, 431 S.W.2d 312 (Tex.1968) in its discussion of the doctrine of primary jurisdiction cited the following passage from DAVIS ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Sec. 19.07 (Hornbook Series 1950), at page 352: The theory seems reasonably clear that the test for applying the principle of primary jurisdiction is not whether some parts of the case are within the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts but whether some parts of the case are within the exclusive jurisdiction of the agency.

1981The Texas Supreme Court in Foree v. Crown Central Petroleum Corporation, 431 S.W.2d 312, 316 (1968), in its discussion of the “rule”, cited the following passage from Davis in Administrative Law Text, Sec. 19.-07 (Hornbook Series 1950), at 352: “The theory seems reasonably clear that the test for applying the principle of pri *681 mary jurisdiction is not whether some parts of the case are within the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts but whether some parts of the case are within the exclusive jurisdiction of the agency.

34
In Re KCPgreen
texapp · 2004 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2020–2022
2 sentences

2022Father relies on In re K.C.P., in which the Texarkana Court of Appeals held that drug test results were improperly admitted as exhibits under the business- records exception in a termination case because they indicated a lack of trustworthiness where the affidavit contained “no information as to the qualifications of the person or the equipment used, the method of administering the test, and whether the test was a standard one for the particular substance.” In re K.C.P., 142 S.W.3d 574, 580 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2004, no pet.).

2021Any Error in Admitting Drug Test Results Was Rendered Harmless by Substantially Similar Testimony Admitted Without Objection We have previously decided that the drug test results were improperly admitted as exhibits under the business-records exception in a parental-rights termination case because they indicated a lack of trustworthiness where the affidavit contained “no information as to the qualifications of the person or the equipment used, the method of administering the test, and whether the test was a standard one for the particular substance.” In re K.C.P., 142 S.W.3d 574, 580 (Tex. App

33
Perry Homes v. Cullgreen
tex · 2008 · cited in 7 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2024
2 sentences

2016Explaining further, we observed that the test for waiver in this context is “quite similar” to estoppel, “a defensive theory barring parties from asserting a claim or defense when their representations have induced ‘action or forbearance of a definite and substantial character’ and ‘injustice can be avoided only by enforcement.’ ” Id. at 593 (quoting Trammell Crow Co. No. 60 v. Harkinson, 944 S.W.2d 631, 636 (Tex.1997)).

2013The test for waiver is whether the party moving for arbitration “has substantially invoked the judicial process to an opponent’s detriment, the latter term meaning inherent unfairness caused by ‘a party’s attempt to have it both ways by switching between litigation and arbitration.’ ” Id.

27
Strickland v. Stategreen
texapp · 1990 · cited in 5 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1995–2012
2 sentences

2012See id.; see also Strickland v. State, 784 S.W.2d 549, 553 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1990, pet. ref‘d) (holding that test results were admissible as business records when witness could testify that tests were standard tests for particular substance, made by person who had personal knowledge of test and test results, and results were recorded in records kept in the usual course of business of laboratory).

2004Strickland, 784 S.W.2d at 553 .

25
Shell Oil Company and Shell International, E&P, Inc. v. Robert Writtgreen
tex · 2015 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016The privilege may also extend to communications made prior to the start of a judicial proceeding; the test for whether the privilege extends to such a communication “entails both subjective and objective components.” Shell Oil Co. v. Writt, 464 S.W.3d 650, 655 (Tex. 2015).

2016The privilege may also extend to communications made prior to the start of a judicial proceeding; the test for whether the privilege extends to such a communication “en *7 tails both subjective and objective components.” Shell Oil Co. v. Writt, 464 S.W.3d 650, 655 (Tex. 2015).

22
In Re Citigroup Global Markets, Inc.green
tex · 2008 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2012
2 sentences

2012The test for waiver is whether the party moving for arbitration "has substantially invoked the judicial process to an opponent's detriment; the latter term meaning inherent unfairness caused by 'a party's attempt to have it both ways by switching between litigation and arbitration to its own advantage.'" In re Citigroup Global Mkts., Inc., 258 S.W.3d 623, 625 (Tex. 2008) (orig. proceeding) (quoting Perry Homes v. Cull, 258 S.W.3d 580, 597 (Tex. 2008)).

2011The test for waiver is whether the party moving for arbitration “has substantially invoked the judicial process to an opponent’s detriment, the latter term meaning inherent unfairness caused by ‘a party’s attempt to have it both ways by switching between litigation and arbitration to its own advantage.’” In re Citigroup Global Mkts., Inc. , 258 S.W.3d 623, 625 (Tex. 2008) (orig. proceeding) (quoting Perry Homes v. Cull , 258 S.W.3d 580, 597 (Tex. 2008), cert. denied , 129 S. Ct. 952 (2009)).

22
Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission v. Sierragreen
tex · 1990 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007The test in applying this rule "is whether the evidence as a whole is such that reasonable minds could have reached the same conclusion that the agency must have reached in order to justify its action." Tex. Alcoholic Beverage Comm'n v. Sierra , 784 S.W.2d 359, 360 (Tex. 1990).

2007The test in applying this rule "is whether the evidence as a whole is such that reasonable minds could have reached the same conclusion that the agency must have reached in order to justify its action." Tex. Alcoholic Beverage Comm'n v. Sierra , 784 S.W.2d 359, 360 (Tex. 1990).

22
$18,800 in U.S. Currency v. Stategreen
texapp · 1997 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
2 sentences

2000Id.; $18,800 in U.S. Currency v. State, 961 S.W.2d 257, 266 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, no writ); see also Tex.R.App.P. 44.1 ("No judgment may be reversed ... unless ... the error complained of ... probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment....") Testimony revealed that on one occasion, McGee developed a false paranoid belief there was an intruder in the attic of her mother's home.

2000Id.; $18,800 in U.S. Currency v. State, 961 S.W.2d 257, 266 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, no writ); see also Tex.R.App.P. 44.1 (“No judgment may be reversed ... unless ... the error complained of ... probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment....”) Testimony revealed that on one occasion, McGee developed a false paranoid belief there was an intruder in the attic of her mother’s home.

22
Miranda v. Arizonagreen
scotus · 1966 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 479 , 86 S.Ct. 1602, 1630 , 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966). 4 .

2007Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 479 , 86 S.Ct. 1602, 1630 , 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966). 4 .

12
Houston Belt & Terminal Railway Co., Bnsf Railway Co., and Union Pacific Railroad Co. v. City of Houston, Texas and Daniel Krueger, in His Official Capacity as Director of Public Works and Engineeringgreen
tex · 2016 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Only when such absolute discretion—free decision-making without any constraints—is granted are ultra vires suits absolutely barred. 9 Houston Belt, 487 S.W.3d at 163 (italics in original).

11
Trammell Crow Co. No. 60 v. Harkinsongreen
tex · 1997 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016Explaining further, we observed that the test for waiver in this context is “quite similar” to estoppel, “a defensive theory barring parties from asserting a claim or defense when their representations have induced ‘action or forbearance of a definite and substantial character’ and ‘injustice can be avoided only by enforcement.’ ” Id. at 593 (quoting Trammell Crow Co. No. 60 v. Harkinson, 944 S.W.2d 631, 636 (Tex.1997)).

11
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.green
scotus · 1993 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015The Qualifications Gate Rule 702 allows expert testimony in scientific, technical, or other specialized areas provided the ″witness [is] qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education.″ The test and standard of review for determining whether an expert is qualified has not changed in the past 34 See Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael, 526 U.S. 137, 150 (1999) (observing that ″there are many different kinds of experts, and many different kinds of expertise,″ such that the test for admissibility under Rule 702 is necessarily ″a flexible one″ (quoting Daubert v. Merrell D

11
Susan Combs, Comptroller of Public Accounts of the State of Texas And Greg Abbott, Attorney General of the State of Texas v. Newpark Resources, Inc.green
texapp · 2013 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015CGG satisfies this test under the analysis set forth in Combs v. Newpark, 422 S.W.3d 46, 49 (Tex. App.—Austin 2013, no pet.).

11
Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichaelgreen
scotus · 1999 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015The Qualifications Gate Rule 702 allows expert testimony in scientific, technical, or other specialized areas provided the ″witness [is] qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education.″ The test and standard of review for determining whether an expert is qualified has not changed in the past 34 See Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael, 526 U.S. 137, 150 (1999) (observing that ″there are many different kinds of experts, and many different kinds of expertise,″ such that the test for admissibility under Rule 702 is necessarily ″a flexible one″ (quoting Daubert v. Merrell D

11
Coplin v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1979 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015Today, Article 3.01 reads: "All words, ("violate or abuse sexually" need not be defined); phrases, and terms used in this Code are to be Coplin v. State, 585 S.W.2d 734, 736 (Tex. Crim. taken and understood in their usual acceptation in App. 1979) (fiduciary property, commercial common language, except where specially bailee, trustee, guardian, administrator, executor, defined." conservator, receiver, and managing partner need not be defined because they are not essential to Even assuming the test for the exception to the rule prosecution under Penal Code section 32.45, about defining statutor

11
IND. FOUNDATION, ETC. v. Texas Ind. Acc. Bd.green
tex · 1976 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015See id.

11
Gardner v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2009 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014Gardner v. State, 306 S.W.3d 274, 295 (Tex. Crim.

11
Jackson v. Stategreen
texapp · 2001 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014See id.; see also Jackson, 50 S.W.3d at 592 (explaining that subsequent misdemeanor convictions involving moral turpitude remove the taint of remoteness from out-of-date convictions and place them under the rule 609(a) standard).

11
Kamen v. Stategreen
texapp · 2010 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
1 sentence

2012See Kamen v. State, 305 S.W.3d 192, 197 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.], 2009, pet. ref’d) (applying nonconstitutional harm analysis to erroneous admission of evidence pertaining to field-sobriety test).

11
Joseph v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2010 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
Neumann v. Shroedergreen
tex · 1888 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010The acts relied on must amount to a denial of liability, or a refusal to pay the loss. 71 Tex. at 10, 8 S.W. at 632.

11
Horrocks v. Texas Department of Transportationgreen
tex · 1993 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
Garza v. Alviargreen
tex · 1965 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
Holt Atherton Industries, Inc. v. Heinegreen
tex · 1992 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
Choate v. San Antonio & Aransas Pass Railway Co.green
· 1898 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
Kerrville State Hospital v. Clarkgreen
tex · 1996 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998
11
Kavanaugh v. Underwriters Life Ins. Co.green
texapp · 1950 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Griggs v. Capitol MacHine Works, Inc.green
tex · 1985 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Missouri v. Huntergreen
scotus · 1983 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11
Forney v. Memorial Hospitalgreen
texapp · 1976 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
11
Bridges v. City of Richardsongreen
tex · 1962 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1986–1986
11
Schneble v. Floridagreen
scotus · 1972 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1986–1986
11
Johnson v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1983 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1986–1986
11
Henderson v. Ford Motor Companygreen
tex · 1974 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1978–1978
11
Gonzales v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1969 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1975–1975
11
Weis Paper Mill Co. v. Industrial Commissiongreen
ill · 1920 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1941–1941
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (44)

CaseCitedYears
Cire v. Cummings green
tex · 2004
2 sentences

2008The test under this standard “is not whether, in the opinion of the reviewing court, the facts present an appropriate case for the trial court’s action, but ‘whether the court acted without reference to any guiding rules and principles.’” Id.

2008The test under this standard “is not whether, in the opinion of the reviewing court, the facts present an appropriate case for the trial court’s action, but ‘whether the court acted without reference to any guiding rules and principles.’” Id.

42006–2008
In Re Boehme green
texapp · 2008
2 sentences

2015Id.

2015Id.

22015–2015
Combs v. Health Care Services Corp. green
tex · 2013
2 sentences

2014We cannot ignore a statute’s unambiguous language unless its meaning is so unreasonable that it “would lead to absurd results.” Combs, 401 S.W.3d at 629 ; see, e.g., Anto-nin Scalia & Bryan A. Garner, Reading Law: The Interpretation of Legal Texts 234 (2012) (explaining that courts can ignore a statute’s unambiguous meaning only if that meaning “would result in a disposition that no reasonable person could approve”).

2014We cannot ignore a statute’s unambiguous language unless its meaning is so unreasonable that it “would lead to absurd results.” Combs, 401 S.W.3d at 629 ; see, e.g., Antonin Scalia & Bryan A. Garner, Reading Law: The Interpretation of Legal Texts 234 (2012) (explaining that courts can ignore a statute’s 3 unambiguous meaning only if that meaning “would result in a disposition that no reasonable person could approve”).

22014–2014
Philpot v. State green
texapp · 1995
2 sentences

2012See id.; Philpot, 897 S.W.2d at 852 ; see also TEX.

1997Id. at 852 .

21997–2012
Scottish Union & National Insurance v. Clancy green
tex · 1888
2 sentences

2010The acts relied on must amount to a denial of liability, or a refusal to pay the loss. 71 Tex. at 10 ; 8 S.W. at 632 .

2010The acts relied on must amount to a denial of liability, or a refusal to pay the loss. 71 Tex. at 10 ; 8 S.W. at 632 .

22010–2010
Wadewitz v. Montgomery green
tex · 1997
2 sentences

2008Cf. id. [20] Although the dissent states that Chief Gardner's testimony that Green proceeded with due regard "comes close to creating a fact issue," due regard forms no part of the test for immunity or liability.

2008Cf. id. [20] Although the dissent states that Chief Gardner = s testimony that Green proceeded with due regard A comes close to creating a fact issue, @ due regard forms no part of the test for immunity or liability.

22008–2008
Bradford v. Arhelger green
tex · 1960
2 sentences

1963However, in Ross v. Whiteside, 356 S.W.2d 497 (Tex.Civ.App., 1962 — no writ hist.) the court stated: “The test or rule announced in the Little Rock case was qualified by our Supreme Court in Bradford v. Arhelger, [161] Tex. [427], 340 S.W.2d 772 , but the qualification was not such as to affect the application of the rule stated to the instant case.” We find the same to be true here, and an application of the Little Rock test or rule eliminates any irreconcilable conflict in the jury’s findings on the two issues of “emergency” and “unavoidable accident” and supports a judgment for appellees.

1963However, in Ross v. Whiteside, 356 S.W.2d 497 (Tex.Civ.App., 1962—no writ hist.) the court stated: "The test or rule announced in the Little Rock case was qualified by our Supreme Court in Bradford v. Arhelger, [161] Tex. [427], 340 S.W.2d 772 , but the qualification was not such as to affect the application of the rule stated to the instant case." We find the same to be true here, and an application of the Little Rock test or rule eliminates any irreconcilable conflict in the jury's findings on the two issues of "emergency" and "unavoidable accident" and supports a judgment for appellees.

21962–1963
in Re Nationwide Insurance Company of America green
tex · 2016
1 sentence

2024It is “a defensive theory barring parties from asserting a claim or defense when their representations have induced ‘action or forbearance of a definite and substantial character’ and ‘injustice can be avoided only by enforcement.’” Id. at 714 (quoting Perry Homes, 258 S.W.3d at 593 ).

12024–2024
Middleton v. State green
texcrimapp · 2003
2 sentences

2015If one Page 6 125 S.W.3d 450, *457 ; 2003 Tex. Crim.

2015If one Page 6 125 S.W.3d 450, *457 ; 2003 Tex. Crim.

12015–2015
Schafler v. Spear green
scotus · 2009
1 sentence

2011The test for waiver is whether the party moving for arbitration “has substantially invoked the judicial process to an opponent’s detriment, the latter term meaning inherent unfairness caused by ‘a party’s attempt to have it both ways by switching between litigation and arbitration to its own advantage.’” In re Citigroup Global Mkts., Inc. , 258 S.W.3d 623, 625 (Tex. 2008) (orig. proceeding) (quoting Perry Homes v. Cull , 258 S.W.3d 580, 597 (Tex. 2008), cert. denied , 129 S. Ct. 952 (2009)).

12011–2011
Ellis County State Bank v. Keever green
tex · 1994
12004–2004
Sorokolit v. Rhodes green
tex · 1994
12002–2002
American Pawn and Jewelry, Inc. v. Kayal green
texapp · 1996
11998–1998
Cate v. Dover Corp. green
tex · 1990
11997–1997
R.K. v. Ramirez green
tex · 1994
11996–1996
Daley v. Frank green
scotus · 1986
11996–1996
Aquamarine Operators, Inc. v. Downer green
scotus · 1986
11996–1996
Turnbull Cone Baking Co. v. National Labor Relations Board green
scotus · 1986
11996–1996
Ex Parte Ybarra green
texcrimapp · 1982
11994–1994
Kokernot v. Gilstrap green
tex · 1945
11993–1993
Sanders v. Harder green
tex · 1950
11992–1992
Armijo v. State green
texapp · 1988
11990–1990
Johnson v. Zerbst green
scotus · 1938
11990–1990
Kolb v. State green
texcrimapp · 1976
11990–1990
Shults v. State green
texapp · 1985
11988–1988
Robinson v. Harkins & Co. green
tex · 1986
11986–1986
Glover v. National Insurance Underwriters green
tex · 1977
11984–1984
Taylor v. Kentucky green
scotus · 1978
11981–1981
Cool v. United States green
scotus · 1972
11981–1981
Henderson v. Kibbe green
scotus · 1977
11981–1981
Cupp v. Naughten green
scotus · 1973
11981–1981
Sandstrom v. Montana green
scotus · 1979
11981–1981
Jordan v. State Board of Insurance green
tex · 1960
11977–1977
Key Western Life Insurance v. State Board of Insurance green
tex · 1961
11977–1977
Briscoe v. Bright's Adm'r neutral
texcommnapp · 1921
11974–1974
Turner v. Lewie green
texapp · 1947
11967–1967
Travelers Indemnity Company v. Jarrett green
texapp · 1963
11964–1964
Halepeska v. Callihan Interests, Inc. red
tex · 1963
11964–1964
Ross v. Whiteside green
texapp · 1962
11963–1963
Little Rock Furniture Manufacturing Co. v. Dunn green
tex · 1949
11962–1962

Statutes the citing opinions construe

TX § Tex. Fam. Code § 161.001 (7) TX § Tex. Fam. Code § 101.007 (4) TX § Tex. Ins. Code § 542.055 (3) TX § Tex. Ins. Code § 542.057 (3) TX § Tex. Penal Code § 19.02 (3) TX § Tex. Penal Code § 22.021 (3) USC § 42u.s.c.290dd-2 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 81 (1925–2024) CA 79 (1922–2025) OH 73 (1932–2026) NJ 66 (1907–2026) IL 60 (1878–2025) PA 53 (1922–2025) MO 42 (1906–2023) CT 38 (1969–2020) NY 30 (1900–2024) WA 25 (1927–2026) MD 25 (1955–2021) AL 25 (1916–2023) WI 25 (1884–2025) FL 23 (1954–2015) IA 22 (1858–2026) MI 20 (1903–2025) MS 20 (1909–2022) KS 19 (1906–2024) MA 17 (1975–2024) KY 15 (1946–2025) IN 15 (1881–2023) SC 13 (1906–2024) WV 12 (1940–2016) OR 12 (1902–2024) MN 11 (1901–2018) TN 11 (1974–2022) HI 11 (1963–2024) AR 10 (1961–2024) NC 10 (1901–2016) AZ 10 (1952–2014) OK 9 (1937–2014) LA 9 (1977–2013) GA 8 (1935–2019) VT 8 (1911–2024) ID 8 (1971–2021) UT 8 (2016–2025) NE 7 (1922–2022) AK 7 (1970–2020) DC 7 (1953–2021) CO 6 (1931–2018) NM 6 (1958–2012) SD 4 (1950–2002) WY 4 (1990–2017) MT 4 (1992–2024) VA 4 (1982–2022) ME 3 (1900–2012) RI 3 (1992–2007) DE 3 (1996–2021) ND 2 (2006–2006) PR 2 (1956–1965)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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