test standard (Wisconsin) · Go Syfert
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test standard in Wisconsin

25 Wisconsin opinions name it 2 courts 1884–2025 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Wisconsin courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (8)

CaseFollowedCited
Hoeft v. Friedelgreen
wis · 1975 · cited in 2 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 1977–1984
2 sentences

1984The test of whether an error is prejudicial is the probability and not mere possibility that the jury was misled. *424 Hoeft v. Friedel, 70 Wis. 2d 1022, 1037 , 235 N.W.2d 918, 925 (1975).

1984The test of whether an error is prejudicial is the probability and not mere possibility that the jury was misled. *424 Hoeft v. Friedel, 70 Wis. 2d 1022, 1037 , 235 N.W.2d 918, 925 (1975).

12
State v. Washingtongreen
wisctapp · 1984 · cited in 1 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016Washington, 120 Wis. 2d at 664-65 (determining that officers inevitably would have discovered evidence in back seat of defendant's vehicle when officers legally stopped the vehicle but illegally arrested defendant and searched his person).

2016Washington, 120 Wis. 2d at 664-65 (determining that officers inevitably would have discovered evidence in back seat of defendant's vehicle when officers legally stopped the vehicle but illegally arrested defendant and searched his person).

11
State ex rel. Hudd v. Timmegreen
· 1882 · cited in 1 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010See, e.g., Hudd, 54 Wis. at 337-39 (generally neglecting the discussion of the "subject" component of the test in its analysis).

11
State v. Martygreen
wisctapp · 1987 · cited in 1 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996See Marty, 137 Wis. 2d at 364-65 . [3] For several reasons, we conclude that in ineffective assistance of counsel cases the burden is properly placed on the defendant to show that his or her counsel's deficient performance prejudiced the defense.

1996See Marty, 137 Wis. 2d at 364-65 .

11
State v. Moffettgreen
wis · 1989 · cited in 1 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
2 sentences

1992State v. Moffet, 147 Wis. 2d 343, 357 , 433 N.W.2d 572, 577 (1989), habeas corpus granted sub nom., Moffett v. Kolb, 930 F.2d 1156 (7th Cir. 1991).

1992State v. Moffet, 147 Wis. 2d 343, 357 , 433 N.W.2d 572, 577 (1989), habeas corpus granted sub nom., Moffett v. Kolb, 930 F.2d 1156 (7th Cir. 1991).

11
Betchkal v. Willisgreen
wisctapp · 1984 · cited in 1 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
2 sentences

1985Betchkal v. Willis, 122 Wis. 2d 419, 423 , 363 N.W.2d 248, 250 (Ct. App. 1984).

1985Betchkal v. Willis, 122 Wis. 2d 419, 423 , 363 N.W.2d 248, 250 (Ct. App. 1984).

11
Oregon v. Mathiasongreen
scotus · 1977 · cited in 1 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 1984–1984
2 sentences

1984In Oregon v. Mathiason, 429 U.S. 492, 495 (1977), the Court held: “[P]olice officers are not required to administer Miranda warnings to everyone whom they question.

1984In Oregon v. Mathiason, 429 U.S. 492, 495 (1977), the Court held: "[P]olice officers are not required to administer Miranda warnings to everyone whom they question.

11
Lifer Ex Rel. Grutzner v. Raymondgreen
wis · 1977 · cited in 1 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980
2 sentences

1980See note 20 infra. In Lifer v. Raymond, 80 Wis.2d 503, 511-512 , 259 N.W.2d 537 (1977), we indicated that the test for the immunity of a state officer is similar to the test for the immunity of a municipal officer under sec. 895.43(3), Stats.

1980See note 20 infra. In Lifer v. Raymond, 80 Wis.2d 503, 511-512 , 259 N.W.2d 537 (1977), we indicated that the test for the immunity of a state officer is similar to the test for the immunity of a municipal officer under sec. 895.43(3), Stats.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Wisconsin. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (20)

CaseCitedYears
Day v. State green
wis · 1972
2 sentences

1978The standard by which to determine whether to instruct the jury on a lesser included offense has been stated in Day v. State, 55 Wis.2d 756, 759 , 201 N.W.2d 42 (1972), citing State v. Anderson, 51 Wis.2d 557, 560 , 187 N.W.2d 335 (1971) and State v. Bergenthal, 47 Wis.2d 668, 675 , 168 N.W.2d 16 (1970): “The test or standard for determining when lesser degrees of homicide than that charged are to be submitted to the jury has been clearly stated to be: “ ‘To justify submitting lesser degrees of homicide than that charged in the information, there must be a reasonable ground in the evidence for

1978The standard by which to determine whether to instruct the jury on a lesser included offense has been stated in Day v. State, 55 Wis.2d 756, 759 , 201 N.W.2d 42 (1972), citing State v. Anderson, 51 Wis.2d 557, 560 , 187 N.W.2d 335 (1971) and State v. Bergenthal, 47 Wis.2d 668, 675 , 168 N.W.2d 16 (1970): “The test or standard for determining when lesser degrees of homicide than that charged are to be submitted to the jury has been clearly stated to be: “ ‘To justify submitting lesser degrees of homicide than that charged in the information, there must be a reasonable ground in the evidence for

31973–1978
PALISADES COLLECTION LLC v. Kalal green
wisctapp · 2010
2 sentences

2025“We review de novo the grant of summary judgment, employing the same methodology as the circuit court.” Palisades Collection LLC v. Kalal, 2010 WI App 38, ¶9 , 324 Wis. 2d 180 , 781 N.W.2d 503 . 12 Streuly argues that although a final judgment is required for claim preclusion to apply, it is not required for issue preclusion to apply, and that to require a final judgment for issue preclusion “would simply be reiterating part of the test for claim preclusion.” Streuly is mistaken.

2025“We review de novo the grant of summary judgment, employing the same methodology as the circuit court.” Palisades Collection LLC v. Kalal, 2010 WI App 38, ¶9 , 324 Wis. 2d 180 , 781 N.W.2d 503 . 12 Streuly argues that although a final judgment is required for claim preclusion to apply, it is not required for issue preclusion to apply, and that to require a final judgment for issue preclusion “would simply be reiterating part of the test for claim preclusion.” Streuly is mistaken.

22025–2025
State v. Anderson green
wis · 1971
2 sentences

1978The standard by which to determine whether to instruct the jury on a lesser included offense has been stated in Day v. State, 55 Wis.2d 756, 759 , 201 N.W.2d 42 (1972), citing State v. Anderson, 51 Wis.2d 557, 560 , 187 N.W.2d 335 (1971) and State v. Bergenthal, 47 Wis.2d 668, 675 , 168 N.W.2d 16 (1970): “The test or standard for determining when lesser degrees of homicide than that charged are to be submitted to the jury has been clearly stated to be: “ ‘To justify submitting lesser degrees of homicide than that charged in the information, there must be a reasonable ground in the evidence for

1978The standard by which to determine whether to instruct the jury on a lesser included offense has been stated in Day v. State, 55 Wis.2d 756, 759 , 201 N.W.2d 42 (1972), citing State v. Anderson, 51 Wis.2d 557, 560 , 187 N.W.2d 335 (1971) and State v. Bergenthal, 47 Wis.2d 668, 675 , 168 N.W.2d 16 (1970): “The test or standard for determining when lesser degrees of homicide than that charged are to be submitted to the jury has been clearly stated to be: “ ‘To justify submitting lesser degrees of homicide than that charged in the information, there must be a reasonable ground in the evidence for

21973–1978
State v. Bergenthal green
wis · 1970
2 sentences

1978The standard by which to determine whether to instruct the jury on a lesser included offense has been stated in Day v. State, 55 Wis.2d 756, 759 , 201 N.W.2d 42 (1972), citing State v. Anderson, 51 Wis.2d 557, 560 , 187 N.W.2d 335 (1971) and State v. Bergenthal, 47 Wis.2d 668, 675 , 168 N.W.2d 16 (1970): “The test or standard for determining when lesser degrees of homicide than that charged are to be submitted to the jury has been clearly stated to be: “ ‘To justify submitting lesser degrees of homicide than that charged in the information, there must be a reasonable ground in the evidence for

1978The court did not think that the testimony that had been adduced constituted the negligent use of a weapon. [19] The standard by which to determine whether to instruct the jury on a lesser included offense has been stated in Day v. State, 55 Wis.2d 756, 759 , 201 N.W.2d 42 (1972), citing State v. Anderson, 51 Wis.2d 557, 560 , 187 N.W.2d 335 (1971) and State v. Bergenthal, 47 Wis.2d 668, 675 , 168 N.W.2d 16 (1970): "The test or standard for determining when lesser degrees of homicide than that charged are to be submitted to the jury has been clearly stated to be: "`To justify submitting lesser

21973–1978
Strickland v. Washington green
scotus · 1984
1 sentence

2025Id.

12025–2025
State v. Angelica C. Nelson green
wis · 2014
2 sentences

2019Instead, structural errors are "so intrinsically harmful as to require automatic reversal." State v. Nelson , 2014 WI 70 , ¶30, 355 Wis. 2d 722 , 849 N.W.2d 317 (quoted source omitted). ¶37 Our supreme court has recently set out the test for whether an error is structural in the context of a termination of parental rights proceeding: The United States Supreme Court provides the rubric we use in categorizing trial errors.

2019Instead, structural errors are "so intrinsically harmful as to require automatic reversal." State v. Nelson , 2014 WI 70 , ¶30, 355 Wis. 2d 722 , 849 N.W.2d 317 (quoted source omitted). ¶37 Our supreme court has recently set out the test for whether an error is structural in the context of a termination of parental rights proceeding: The United States Supreme Court provides the rubric we use in categorizing trial errors.

12019–2019
Appling v. Doyle green
wisctapp · 2012
1 sentence

2014To the contrary, for the domestic partnership law to pass muster here, the 'legal status' created by that law may not be 'substantially similar' to the 'legal status' of marriage." Appling, 345 Wis. 2d 762, ¶5 .

12014–2014
State v. Brown green
wisctapp · 2003
2 sentences

2010Instead, Gonzalez provided only the following unsubstantiated statement in his brief: "The offer of proof would have informed the court that during the investigation of the events being tried, before ever speaking with an attor ney, Defendant offered to take a polygraph test to prove his innocence because Defendant believed that the test or analysis was possible, accurate and admissible." This one sentence offered by Gonzalez's attorney is insufficient for us to conclude on appeal whether the trial court's exclusion of evidence related to his offer to take a polygraph test constitutes reversib

2010Instead, Gonzalez provided only the following unsubstantiated statement in his brief: "The offer of proof would have informed the court that during the investigation of the events being tried, before ever speaking with an attor ney, Defendant offered to take a polygraph test to prove his innocence because Defendant believed that the test or analysis was possible, accurate and admissible." This one sentence offered by Gonzalez's attorney is insufficient for us to conclude on appeal whether the trial court's exclusion of evidence related to his offer to take a polygraph test constitutes reversib

12010–2010
State v. Johnson green
wisctapp · 2002
1 sentence

2007Johnson, 257 Wis 2d 736, ¶ 12 .

12007–2007
MADCAP I, LLC v. McNamee green
wisctapp · 2005
2 sentences

2006The instruction does not say or suggest that reasonable reliance is part of the test for causation: the test under the standard instruction for determining whether a representation caused pecuniary loss is "[w]hether plaintiff would have acted in its absence." Madcap I, LLC v. McNamee, 2005 WI App 173, ¶ 36 , 284 Wis. 2d 774 , 702 N.W.2d 16 (quoting Wis JI — Civil 2418).

2006The instruction does not say or suggest that reasonable reliance is part of the test for causation: the test under the standard instruction for determining whether a representation caused pecuniary loss is "[w]hether plaintiff would have acted in its absence." Madcap I, LLC v. McNamee, 2005 WI App 173, ¶ 36 , 284 Wis. 2d 774 , 702 N.W.2d 16 (quoting Wis JI — Civil 2418).

12006–2006
State v. Dyess green
wis · 1985
2 sentences

1993State v. Dyess, 124 Wis. 2d 525, 543 , 370 N.W.2d 222 (1985); In Interest of J.A.L., 162 Wis. 2d 940 , 972, 471 N.W.2d 493 (1991).

1993State v. Dyess, 124 Wis. 2d 525, 543 , 370 N.W.2d 222 (1985); In Interest of J.A.L., 162 Wis. 2d 940 , 972, 471 N.W.2d 493 (1991).

11993–1993
In Interest of JAL green
wis · 1991
2 sentences

1993State v. Dyess, 124 Wis. 2d 525, 543 , 370 N.W.2d 222 (1985); In Interest of J.A.L., 162 Wis. 2d 940 , 972, 471 N.W.2d 493 (1991).

1993State v. Dyess, 124 Wis. 2d 525, 543 , 370 N.W.2d 222 (1985); In Interest of J.A.L., 162 Wis. 2d 940 , 972, 471 N.W.2d 493 (1991).

11993–1993
Schneckloth v. Bustamonte green
scotus · 1973
1 sentence

1993Schneckloth, 412 U.S. at 241 .

11993–1993
Larry Moffett v. Darrell Kolb, Superintendent, Waupun Correctional Institution green
ca7 · 1991
1 sentence

1992State v. Moffet, 147 Wis. 2d 343, 357 , 433 N.W.2d 572, 577 (1989), habeas corpus granted sub nom., Moffett v. Kolb, 930 F.2d 1156 (7th Cir. 1991).

11992–1992
Novitzke v. State green
wis · 1979
2 sentences

1985However, by keeping in the language of Novitzke v. State, 92 Wis. 2d 302, 308 , which relied on Kelly which stated the test was whether the error had only slight effect on the jury.

1985However, by keeping in the language of Novitzke v. State, 92 Wis. 2d 302, 308 , which relied on Kelly which stated the test was whether the error had only slight effect on the jury.

11985–1985
Sparling v. Thomas green
wis · 1953
2 sentences

1984In this case, the instructions to which Willis objected were based upon the trial court’s reliance on sec. 346.34 (1), Stats., and Sparling v. Thomas, 264 Wis. 506 , 59 N.W.2d 433 (1953).

1984In this case, the instructions to which Willis objected were based upon the trial court’s reliance on sec. 346.34 (1), Stats., and Sparling v. Thomas, 264 Wis. 506 , 59 N.W.2d 433 (1953).

11984–1984
Willenkamp v. Keeshin Transport System, Inc. neutral
wis · 1964
2 sentences

1977The test for error in the giving of instructions was stated in Willenkamp v. Keeshin Transport System, Inc., 23 Wis.2d 523, 529 , 127 N.W.2d 804 (1964), and reaffirmed in Menge v. State Farm Mut.

1977The test for error in the giving of instructions was stated in Willenkamp v. Keeshin Transport System, Inc., 23 Wis.2d 523, 529 , 127 N.W.2d 804 (1964), and reaffirmed in Menge v. State Farm Mut.

11977–1977
Shawley v. Industrial Commission green
wis · 1962
2 sentences

1975The test or rule of law as to employee recovery on this basis is there stated as follows: “If the work activity precipitates, aggravates and accelerates beyond normal progression, a progressively deteriorating or degenerative condition, it is an accident causing injury or disease and the employee should recover even if there is.no definite ‘breakage.’ ” (Citing Shawley v. Industrial Comm. (1962), 16 Wis. 2d 535 , 114 N. W. 2d 872 , and Currie, 37 Wis. Bar Bulletin 7.) There are three things wrong with what the department did in seeking to make the Lewellyn rule the basis for employer liability

1975The test or rule of law as to employee recovery on this basis is there stated as follows: “If the work activity precipitates, aggravates and accelerates beyond normal progression, a progressively deteriorating or degenerative condition, it is an accident causing injury or disease and the employee should recover even if there is.no definite ‘breakage.’ ” (Citing Shawley v. Industrial Comm. (1962), 16 Wis. 2d 535 , 114 N. W. 2d 872 , and Currie, 37 Wis. Bar Bulletin 7.) There are three things wrong with what the department did in seeking to make the Lewellyn rule the basis for employer liability

11975–1975
Thompson v. Jones green
wis · 1856
1 sentence

1884Thompson v. Jones, 4 Wis., 106 .

11884–1884
State ex rel. Supervisors of the Town of Iola v. Nelson green
wis · 1883
1 sentence

1884Supervisors v. Nelson, 57 Wis., 147 , were much more substantially a departure from the strict requirement of the statute, and more contradictory than the one in this case, and Mr. Justice LyoN lays down the test rule in respect to such notices that there shall be no difficulty in ascertaining the place meant, and says: “We think this a substantial and reasonable compliance with the statute.” Tested by the rule well established in all cases of description,— that if there is a repugnance between a certain number or place named and other general description by which the real place can be ascerta

11884–1884

Statutes the citing opinions construe

WI § Wis. Stat. § 100.18 (4) WI § Wis. Stat. § 802.08 (3) WI § Wis. Stat. § 805.18 (3) WI § Wis. Stat. § 808.10 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 81 (1925–2024) CA 79 (1922–2025) OH 73 (1932–2026) NJ 66 (1907–2026) IL 60 (1878–2025) PA 53 (1922–2025) MO 42 (1906–2023) CT 38 (1969–2020) NY 30 (1900–2024) WA 25 (1927–2026) MD 25 (1955–2021) AL 25 (1916–2023) WI 25 (1884–2025) FL 23 (1954–2015) IA 22 (1858–2026) MI 20 (1903–2025) MS 20 (1909–2022) KS 19 (1906–2024) MA 17 (1975–2024) KY 15 (1946–2025) IN 15 (1881–2023) SC 13 (1906–2024) WV 12 (1940–2016) OR 12 (1902–2024) MN 11 (1901–2018) TN 11 (1974–2022) HI 11 (1963–2024) AR 10 (1961–2024) NC 10 (1901–2016) AZ 10 (1952–2014) OK 9 (1937–2014) LA 9 (1977–2013) GA 8 (1935–2019) VT 8 (1911–2024) ID 8 (1971–2021) UT 8 (2016–2025) NE 7 (1922–2022) AK 7 (1970–2020) DC 7 (1953–2021) CO 6 (1931–2018) NM 6 (1958–2012) SD 4 (1950–2002) WY 4 (1990–2017) MT 4 (1992–2024) VA 4 (1982–2022) ME 3 (1900–2012) RI 3 (1992–2007) DE 3 (1996–2021) ND 2 (2006–2006) PR 2 (1956–1965)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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