insurance claim (Florida) · Go Syfert
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insurance claim in Florida

77 Florida opinions name it 2 courts 1965–2022 5 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Florida courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (38)

CaseFollowedCited
Jones v. Basha, Inc.green
fladistctapp · 2011 · cited in 2 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2017–2018
2 sentences

2018But the contract also required FPL to maintain comprehensive General Liability Insurance and Excess Liability coverages for personal injury and death for, among other things, “Premises–Operations.” In support of his insurance argument, Batchelor cites Jones v. Basha, Inc., 96 So. 3d 915, 917 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011), which upheld summary judgment for a landlord based on a finding that the landlord had surrendered control to the tenant.

2017But the contract also required FPL to maintain comprehensive General Liability Insurance and Excess Liability coverages for personal injury and death for, among other things, “Premises–Operations.” 20 In support of his insurance argument, Batchelor cites Jones v. Basha, Inc., 96 So. 3d 915, 917 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011), which upheld summary judgment for a landlord based on a finding that the landlord had surrendered control to the tenant.

22
Allstate Indem. Co. v. Ruizgreen
fla · 2005 · cited in 2 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2006–2011
2 sentences

2011As Justice Wells stated in a separate opinion: “I emphasize that the only issue being decided in this case is the discovery of work product in the claims file pertaining to the underlying insurance claim.” Ruiz, 899 So.2d at 1132 (Wells, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part) (emphasis added).

2006As stated by Justice Wells, in his separate opinion in Ruiz, "the only issue being decided in this case is the discovery of work product in the claims file pertaining to the underlying insurance claim." 899 So.2d at 1132 (Wells, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part).

22
Alpha v. Alphagreen
fladistctapp · 2004 · cited in 2 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2016–2017
2 sentences

2017Alpha v. Alpha, 885 So. 2d 1023 , 1033–34 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004).

2017Alpha v. Alpha, 885 So. 2d 1023 , 1033–34 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004).

12
Gray Mart, Inc. v. Fireman's Fund Ins.green
fladistctapp · 1997 · cited in 2 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2000–2015
2 sentences

2015See id.

2000Co., 703 So.2d 1170 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997), the insurer litigated the entire insurance claim for fourteen months, through and including decision of a motion for summary judgment, before the insurer requested appraisal.

12
State v. Dumasgreen
fla · 1997 · cited in 2 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2005–2014
2 sentences

2014In State v. Dumas, 700 So.2d 1223, 1225-26 (Fla.1997), however, our supreme court rejected this argument, explaining its decision, as follows: Florida law imposes an affirmative duty on a driver to stop, render aid, and provide certain information necessary for an insurance claim and an accident report whenever there is an injury.

2005This conclusion is buttressed by State v. Dumas, 700 So.2d 1223 (Fla.1997), wherein the court explained the *374 purpose of the requirement that a motorist stop and render aid: Florida law imposes an affirmative duty on a driver to stop, render aid, and provide certain information necessary for an insurance claim and an accident report whenever there is an injury. § 316.062, Fla. Stat. (1995).

12
All Ways Reliable Building Maintenance, Inc. v. Mooregreen
fla · 1972 · cited in 2 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2006–2013
2 sentences

2013Maint., Inc. v. Moore, 261 So.2d 131, 132 (Fla.1972).

2006Co. v. Libert, 776 So.2d 360, 365 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001). "[A]n assignee of an insurance claim stands to all intents and purposes in the shoes of the insured and logically should be entitled to an attorney's fee when he sues and recovers on the claim." All Ways Reliable, 261 So.2d at 132 .

12
Wollard v. Lloyd's & Companies of Lloyd'sgreen
fla · 1983 · cited in 2 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1998–2005
2 sentences

2005See id.

1998The court stated "the payment of the claim is, indeed, the functional equivalent of a confession of judgment or a verdict in favor of the Insured." See Wollard v. Lloyd's and Companies of Lloyd's, 439 So.2d at 218 .

12
WILLY MICHAEL GOLDMAN and SHIRLEY GOLDMAN v. UNITED SERVICES AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATION, INC.green
fladistctapp · 2018 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021Ass’n, 244 So. 3d 310, 312 (Fla. 4th DCA 2018) (affirming summary judgment in favor of insurer where trial court found the insured’s suit was “merely a preemptive lawsuit intended to obtain attorneys’ fees for the usual efforts in negotiating an insurance claim”) (citation omitted); State Farm Fla. Ins.

11
State Farm Florida Insurance Company v. Lime Bay Condominium, Inc.green
fladistctapp · 2016 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021Co. v. Lime Bay Condo, Inc., 187 So. 3d 932, 935 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016) (holding that “when the insured moves for attorney’s fees [under section 627.428], the underlying issue is whether the suit was filed for a legitimate purpose, and whether the filing acted as a necessary catalyst to resolve the dispute and force the insurer to satisfy its obligations under the insurance contract”); Beverly v. State Farm Fla. Ins.

11
Jenney v. Airdata Wiman, Inc.green
fladistctapp · 2003 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019Cf. Jenney v. Airdata Wiman, Inc., 846 So. 2d 664, 668 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003) ("[T]he simple fact that Jenney raised the issue [of intent] is not sufficient to waive his attorney-client privilege.").

11
Unterlack v. Westport Ins. Co.green
fladistctapp · 2005 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016Co. of Florida v. Cooper, 919 So.2d 491, 493 (Fla. 3d DCA 2005) (holding the insurer’s unilateral decision to settle an insurance claim and dismiss a ^related declaratory judgment action triggers the insured’s entitlement to attorney fees under the statute requiring court to award attorney fees upon rendition of a judgment or decree against an insurer and in favor of an insured); Unterlack v. Westport Insurance Co., 901 So.2d 387, 389 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005) (holding the liability insurer’s voluntary dismissal of a declaratory judgment action against insured before settling suits against it was th

11
Mercury Ins. Co. of Florida v. Coopergreen
fladistctapp · 2005 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016Co. of Florida v. Cooper, 919 So.2d 491, 493 (Fla. 3d DCA 2005) (holding the insurer’s unilateral decision to settle an insurance claim and dismiss a ^related declaratory judgment action triggers the insured’s entitlement to attorney fees under the statute requiring court to award attorney fees upon rendition of a judgment or decree against an insurer and in favor of an insured); Unterlack v. Westport Insurance Co., 901 So.2d 387, 389 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005) (holding the liability insurer’s voluntary dismissal of a declaratory judgment action against insured before settling suits against it was th

11
O'MALLEY v. Nationwide Mut. Fire Ins. Co.green
fladistctapp · 2004 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016Co. of Florida v. Cooper, 919 So.2d 491, 493 (Fla. 3d DCA 2005) (holding the insurer’s unilateral decision to settle an insurance claim and dismiss a ^related declaratory judgment action triggers the insured’s entitlement to attorney fees under the statute requiring court to award attorney fees upon rendition of a judgment or decree against an insurer and in favor of an insured); Unterlack v. Westport Insurance Co., 901 So.2d 387, 389 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005) (holding the liability insurer’s voluntary dismissal of a declaratory judgment action against insured before settling suits against it was th

11
Sunshine State Insurance Co. v. Rawlinsgreen
fladistctapp · 2010 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015Co. v. Rawlins, 34 So.3d 753, 754 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010) (citing Paradise Plaza Condo.

11
Solano v. State Farm Florida Insurance Co.green
fladistctapp · 2014 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015For the reasons stated in my concurrence on rehearing in Solano v. State Farm Florida Insurance Co., 155 So.3d 367, 371 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014), I conclude that State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Curran, 135 So.3d 1071 (Fla.2014), effectively rejects the analysis of Goldman v. State Farm Fire General Insurance Co., 660 So.2d 300 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995), that failure to submit to an examination under oath after an insurance claim is made, constitutes a breach of a condition precedent in the policy.

2015For the reasons stated in my concurrence on rehearing in Solano v. State Farm Florida Insurance Co., 155 So. 3d 367, 371 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014), I conclude that State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Curran, 135 So. 3d 1071 (Fla. 2014), effectively rejects the analysis of Goldman v. State Farm Fire General Insurance Co., 660 So. 2d 300 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995), that failure to submit to an examination under oath after an insurance claim is made, constitutes a breach of a condition precedent in the policy.

11
Liberty Nat. Life Ins. Co. v. Bailey Ex Rel. Baileygreen
fladistctapp · 2006 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
Bassette v. Standard Fire Ins. Co.green
fladistctapp · 2001 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
Kist v. Stategreen
fladistctapp · 2004 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
ABRAHAM K. KOHL, DC v. Blue Crossgreen
fladistctapp · 2007 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
Wynn v. Stategreen
fladistctapp · 1998 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
Nantucket Enterprises, Inc. v. Palm Beach Florida Hotel and Office Building Limited Partnershipgreen
fladistctapp · 2009 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
Sunspan Eng. & Const. Co. v. SPRING-LOCK SCAFFOLD. CO.green
fla · 1975 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
Smith v. Smithgreen
fladistctapp · 2005 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
Ruberg v. Ruberggreen
fladistctapp · 2003 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Solomon v. Solomongreen
fladistctapp · 2003 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Richardson v. Richardsongreen
fladistctapp · 2005 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Superior Ins. Co. v. Libertgreen
fladistctapp · 2001 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
11
Thompson v. Commercial Union Ins. Co. of New Yorkgreen
fla · 1971 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
11
Kearley v. Kearleygreen
fladistctapp · 1999 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
Pick v. Gilbertgreen
fladistctapp · 1992 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
American Guarantee And Liability Insurance Company v. The 1906 Companygreen
ca5 · 1997 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
11
Parliament Ins. Co. v. Bryantgreen
fladistctapp · 1980 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
11
Sobelman v. Sobelmangreen
fla · 1989 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
11
Tempelis v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co.green
wis · 1992 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
11
United States v. Samuel Duncan, Jr., Grace Duncan, Gay Nell Duncan, Marshall Sutton, Angela F. Turner, Arthur D. Wilson, and Oscar L. Wilsongreen
ca5 · 1991 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Gardner v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1991 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Smith v. New York State Workers' Compensation Boardgreen
scotus · 1991 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Allstate Insurance Company v. Shupackgreen
fladistctapp · 1976 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Florida. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (42)

CaseCitedYears
Gables Ins. Recovery, Inc. v. Citizens Prop. Ins. Corp. green
fladistctapp · 2018
2 sentences

2022Id. at 617 .

2022Id. at 617 .

22022–2022
Hill v. State Farm Florida Insurance Co. green
fladistctapp · 2010
2 sentences

2021Thus, the insureds were not entitled to attorney’s fees, as the action “was merely a preemptive lawsuit intended to obtain attorneys’ fees for the usual efforts in negotiating an insurance claim.” Id. at 312 (quoting Hill, 35 So. 3d at 960 ).

2018The Hill court questioned “whether this lawsuit was filed to force [the insurer] to conduct an appraisal or whether it was merely a preemptive lawsuit intended to obtain attorneys’ fees for the usual efforts in negotiating an insurance claim.” 35 So. 3d at 960 .

22018–2021
Palm Bay Towers Corp. v. Brooks green
fladistctapp · 1985
2 sentences

2018However, the Florida Supreme Court has explained that "an agreement that is violative of a provision of a constitution or a valid statute, or an agreement which cannot be performed without violating such a constitutional or statutory provision, is illegal and void." Local No. 234 of United Ass'n of Journeymen & Apprentices of Plumbing & Pipefitting Indus. of U.S. & Canada v. Henley & Beckwith, Inc. , 66 So.2d 818 , 821 (Fla. 1953), cited in Palm Bay Towers Corp. v. Brooks , 466 So.2d 1071 , 1074 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984) (en banc).

2018However, the Florida Supreme Court has explained that "an agreement that is violative of a provision of a constitution or a valid statute, or an agreement which cannot be performed without violating such a constitutional or statutory provision, is illegal and void." Local No. 234 of United Ass'n of Journeymen & Apprentices of Plumbing & Pipefitting Indus. of U.S. & Canada v. Henley & Beckwith, Inc. , 66 So.2d 818 , 821 (Fla. 1953), cited in Palm Bay Towers Corp. v. Brooks , 466 So.2d 1071 , 1074 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984) (en banc).

22018–2018
LOCAL NO. 234, ETC. v. Henley & Beckwith, Inc. green
fla · 1953
2 sentences

2018However, the Florida Supreme Court has explained that "an agreement that is violative of a provision of a constitution or a valid statute, or an agreement which cannot be performed without violating such a constitutional or statutory provision, is illegal and void." Local No. 234 of United Ass'n of Journeymen & Apprentices of Plumbing & Pipefitting Indus. of U.S. & Canada v. Henley & Beckwith, Inc. , 66 So.2d 818 , 821 (Fla. 1953), cited in Palm Bay Towers Corp. v. Brooks , 466 So.2d 1071 , 1074 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984) (en banc).

2018However, the Florida Supreme Court has explained that "an agreement that is violative of a provision of a constitution or a valid statute, or an agreement which cannot be performed without violating such a constitutional or statutory provision, is illegal and void." Local No. 234 of United Ass'n of Journeymen & Apprentices of Plumbing & Pipefitting Indus. of U.S. & Canada v. Henley & Beckwith, Inc. , 66 So.2d 818 , 821 (Fla. 1953), cited in Palm Bay Towers Corp. v. Brooks , 466 So.2d 1071 , 1074 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984) (en banc).

22018–2018
Smith v. State green
fladistctapp · 2015
2 sentences

2015The facts are nearly identical to those in Roker v. Tower Hill Preferred Insurance Co., 164 So.3d 690 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016).

2015The facts are nearly identical to those in Roker v. Tower Hill Preferred Insurance Co., 164 So. 3d 690 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015).

22015–2015
Fidelity & Cas. Ins. Co. of NY v. Taylor green
fladistctapp · 1987
2 sentences

2002The Taylor court had taken the position that in a statutory first party bad faith claim the entire insurance claim file was discoverable notwithstanding its work product character because the claim file was "virtually the only source of information on [the bad faith conduct] questions." 525 So.2d at 909 .

1989Co. v. Taylor, 525 So.2d 908 , 910 n. 6 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987), citing Shupack and Maryland Am.

21989–2002
Allstate Insurance Company v. Lovell neutral
fladistctapp · 1988
2 sentences

1995Co. v. Lovell, 530 So.2d 1106 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988), one of our primary bases for so holding was that such a failure to abate would otherwise result in irreparable harm to the defendant/insurer, namely that the latter would necessarily be required in this joint action to disclose in discovery a vital item solely on the bad faith claim which it would not otherwise be required to disclose on the breach of the insurance contract claim, to wit: the insurance claim file.

1989Co. v. Lovell, 530 So.2d 1106 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988); one of our primary bases for so holding was that such a failure to abate would otherwise result in irreparable harm to the defendant/insurer, namely, that the latter would necessarily be required in this joint action to disclose in discovery a vital item solely on the bad-faith claim which it would not otherwise be required to disclose on the breach of the insurance contract claim, to wit: the insurance claim file.

21989–1995
Fitzgibbon v. Government Employees Insurance Co. green
fla · 1991
2 sentences

1993That argument was rejected, and the exclusionary provision was held valid and operable to bar the insurance claim against the decedent husband’s estate. 583 So.2d at 1021 .

1993That argument was rejected, and the exclusionary provision was held valid and operable to bar the insurance claim against the decedent husband's estate. 583 So.2d at 1021 .

21993–1993
Sobelman v. Sobelman green
fladistctapp · 1987
2 sentences

1988See Longo; Kooser v. Kooser, 506 So.2d 81, 82 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987). [3] As this court said in Sobelman II, any insurance requirement under section 61.08(3) "should be limited in such a manner that the receiving spouse will receive only what may reasonably be necessary to protect arrearages in alimony so that the actual effect of the insurance requirement is not to provide post mortem alimony." 516 So.2d at 9 .

1988In Sobelman II the court held that the spouse seeking to have the awards protected by an insurance policy as provided by section 61.08(3), must establish the necessity (or a need) for security, and further that the terms and conditions of the insurance policy "should be limited in such manner that the receiving spouse will receive only what may reasonably be necessary to protect arrearages in alimony so that the actual effect of the insurance requirement is not to provide post mortem alimony." 516 So.2d at 9 .

21988–1988
Mercantile Insurance Co. of America v. Jackson green
wash · 1952
1 sentence

2022Fla. 1986), the court held that, as to certain assignees, a judgment creditor’s garnishment claim against an insurance company “must be dismissed because, at the time of service of the garnishment writ, [the debtor] had already transferred all his interest in the insurance claim to these [assignees]” and thus the insurance company “did not possess any property of [the debtor] that could be garnished.” Likewise, in Jackson, the court held that “an effective equitable assignment of the insurance proceeds was consummated prior to the attempted garnishment,” and thus the assignee was entitled to t

12022–2022
Sterling v. City of West Palm Beach green
fladistctapp · 1992
2 sentences

2020We reached the same conclusion in Sterling v. City of West Palm Beach, 595 So. 2d 284 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992), where it was argued in an insurance claim that the insured had admitted the sustained losses were caused by non-covered water damage when she failed to respond to the insurance company’s request for admissions.

2020Id. at 285 .

12020–2020
Maryland Casualty Company v. Krasnek green
fla · 1965
1 sentence

2018Id.

12018–2018
Nationwide Insurance Co. of Florida v. Demmo green
fladistctapp · 2011
1 sentence

2018Id. at 983 .

12018–2018
Allstate Ins. Co. v. Arvida Corp. green
fladistctapp · 1982
1 sentence

2017On a motion for summary, judgment on the insurance claim, the Fourth District Court of Appeal noted that the trial court, in “a curious order ... proceeded to rule that ‘from the date of this Order hence, [the insurer] shall assume the defense of this matter.” Id. (emphasis added).

12017–2017
Goldman v. State Farm Fire Gen. Ins. Co. green
fladistctapp · 1995
2 sentences

2015For the reasons stated in my concurrence on rehearing in Solano v. State Farm Florida Insurance Co., 155 So.3d 367, 371 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014), I conclude that State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Curran, 135 So.3d 1071 (Fla.2014), effectively rejects the analysis of Goldman v. State Farm Fire General Insurance Co., 660 So.2d 300 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995), that failure to submit to an examination under oath after an insurance claim is made, constitutes a breach of a condition precedent in the policy.

2015For the reasons stated in my concurrence on rehearing in Solano v. State Farm Florida Insurance Co., 155 So. 3d 367, 371 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014), I conclude that State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Curran, 135 So. 3d 1071 (Fla. 2014), effectively rejects the analysis of Goldman v. State Farm Fire General Insurance Co., 660 So. 2d 300 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995), that failure to submit to an examination under oath after an insurance claim is made, constitutes a breach of a condition precedent in the policy.

12015–2015
State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company v. Robin Curran green
fla · 2014
12015–2015
Continental Cas. Co. v. Ryan Inc. Eastern green
fla · 2008
12013–2013
Blumberg v. USAA Cas. Ins. Co. green
fla · 2001
12012–2012
Independent Fire Ins. Co. v. Paulekas green
fladistctapp · 1994
12012–2012
Allstate Ins. Co. v. Conde green
fladistctapp · 1992
12012–2012
Bethel v. SECURITY NAT. INS. CO. green
fladistctapp · 2006
12012–2012
Cadore v. Cadore green
fla · 1953
12012–2012
Vargas v. Enterprise Leasing Co. green
fladistctapp · 2008
12011–2011
WERKS UNLIMITED, LLC. v. Brown green
fladistctapp · 2008
12010–2010
Clifton v. United Casualty Insurance Co. of America green
fladistctapp · 2010
12010–2010
Leaf v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. green
fladistctapp · 1989
12009–2009
Kujawa v. Manhattan Nat. Life Ins. Co. green
fla · 1989
12005–2005
Michigan Millers Mutual Insurance v. Benfield green
ca11 · 1998
12004–2004
Insurance Co. of North America v. Lexow green
fla · 1992
12003–2003
The Florida Bar v. Jackson green
fla · 1986
12003–2003
Clark v. Clark green
fladistctapp · 1987
12003–2003
Fiveash v. Fiveash green
fladistctapp · 1988
12003–2003
Roth v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. neutral
fladistctapp · 1991
11999–1999
State v. Thompson green
fla · 1992
11995–1995
Sirmons v. State green
fla · 1994
11995–1995
Thompson v. State green
fladistctapp · 1991
11995–1995
Colonial Stores, Inc. v. Scarbrough green
fla · 1978
11994–1994
Connelly v. Arrow Air, Inc. green
fladistctapp · 1990
11993–1993
Taylor v. New Hampshire Ins. Co. of Manchester green
fladistctapp · 1986
11993–1993
Francoeur v. Pipers, Inc. green
fladistctapp · 1990
11993–1993

Statutes the citing opinions construe

FL § 61.08 (7) FL § 624.155 (5) FL § 627.727 (4) FL § 817.234 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 124 (1954–2026) AL 119 (1933–2026) IL 111 (1942–2026) TX 108 (1922–2026) FL 77 (1965–2022) NY 68 (1903–2026) WA 57 (1926–2024) CT 49 (1980–2019) MO 45 (1980–2023) MI 42 (1968–2021) IN 39 (1939–2025) NJ 37 (1887–2026) PA 35 (1841–2023) MS 32 (1961–2025) OH 28 (1961–2026) GA 28 (1980–2026) LA 26 (1952–2023) MN 25 (1932–2018) OK 23 (1942–2024) ID 21 (1969–2021) AZ 19 (1963–2023) MA 19 (1939–2017) WI 17 (1923–2026) IA 16 (1982–2022) UT 15 (1988–2026) WV 15 (1928–2025) TN 15 (1988–2024) NM 14 (1992–2023) MT 13 (2003–2019) NC 13 (1961–2022) OR 13 (1964–2026) KS 12 (1902–2022) HI 11 (1987–2025) CO 11 (1996–2026) KY 10 (1909–2024) MD 10 (1989–2024) ND 8 (1982–2025) DE 7 (1988–2026) AR 7 (1933–2011) VT 7 (1984–2026) NE 7 (1944–2024) AK 6 (1989–2014) RI 6 (1970–2007) VA 4 (1983–2021) WY 4 (1982–2022) NV 3 (1998–2011) SC 2 (1994–2019) ME 2 (2017–2019) NH 2 (2015–2019)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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