structural error (Maine) · Go Syfert
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structural error in Maine

9 Maine opinions name it 2 courts 2001–2026 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Maine courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (12)

CaseFollowedCited
Weaver v. Massachusettsgreen
scotus · 2017 · cited in 2 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
2 sentences

2019See Weaver v. Massachusetts , --- U.S. ----, 137 S.Ct. 1899 , 1908-12, 198 L.Ed.2d 420 (2017) (holding that a deprivation of the right to a public trial, even though a structural error, does not entitle a defendant to automatic reversal when brought as a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel).

2019See Weaver v. Massachusetts , --- U.S. ----, 137 S.Ct. 1899 , 1908-12, 198 L.Ed.2d 420 (2017) (holding that a deprivation of the right to a public trial, even though a structural error, does not entitle a defendant to automatic reversal when brought as a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel).

22
McCoy v. Louisianagreen
scotus · 2018 · cited in 2 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
2 sentences

2019See McCoy v. Louisiana , --- U.S. ----, 138 S.Ct. 1500 , 1511, 200 L.Ed.2d 821 (2018) (stating that the deprivation of a defendant's right to self-representation is a structural error); McKaskle v. Wiggins , 465 U.S. 168 , 177 n.8, 104 S.Ct. 944 , 79 L.Ed.2d 122 (1984) (same).

2019See McCoy v. Louisiana , --- U.S. ----, 138 S.Ct. 1500 , 1511, 200 L.Ed.2d 821 (2018) (stating that the deprivation of a defendant's right to self-representation is a structural error); McKaskle v. Wiggins , 465 U.S. 168 , 177 n.8, 104 S.Ct. 944 , 79 L.Ed.2d 122 (1984) (same).

22
Bucci v. United Statesgreen
ca1 · 2011 · cited in 2 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014A partial closure occurs where “courtroom access is restricted but some members of the public are permitted to attend”; a total courtroom closure occurs where “all members of the public [are] excluded during some phase of the trial.” Bucci v. United States, 662 F.3d 18, 23 (1st Cir. 2011); see also Judd v. Haley, 250 F.3d 1308 , 1315 (11th Cir. 2001) (“Nowhere does our precedent suggest that the total closure of a courtroom for a temporary period can be considered a partial closure, and analyzed as such.”).

2014A partial closure occurs where "courtroom access is restricted but some members of the public are permitted to attend”; a total courtroom closure occurs where "all members of the public [are] excluded during some phase of the trial.” Bucci v. United States, 662 F.3d 18, 23 (1st Cir.2011); see also Judd v. Haley, 250 F.3d 1308 , 1315 (11th Cir.2001) ("Nowhere does our precedent suggest that the total closure of a courtroom for a temporary period can be considered a partial closure, and analyzed as such.”).

22
Owens v. United Statesgreen
ca1 · 2007 · cited in 2 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Owens v. United States, 483 F.3d 48, 64 (1st Cir. 2007).

2014Owens v. United States, 483 F.3d 48, 64 (1st Cir.2007).

22
Judd v. Haleygreen
ca11 · 2001 · cited in 2 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014A partial closure occurs where “courtroom access is restricted but some members of the public are permitted to attend”; a total courtroom closure occurs where “all members of the public [are] excluded during some phase of the trial.” Bucci v. United States, 662 F.3d 18, 23 (1st Cir. 2011); see also Judd v. Haley, 250 F.3d 1308 , 1315 (11th Cir. 2001) (“Nowhere does our precedent suggest that the total closure of a courtroom for a temporary period can be considered a partial closure, and analyzed as such.”).

2014A partial closure occurs where "courtroom access is restricted but some members of the public are permitted to attend”; a total courtroom closure occurs where "all members of the public [are] excluded during some phase of the trial.” Bucci v. United States, 662 F.3d 18, 23 (1st Cir.2011); see also Judd v. Haley, 250 F.3d 1308 , 1315 (11th Cir.2001) ("Nowhere does our precedent suggest that the total closure of a courtroom for a temporary period can be considered a partial closure, and analyzed as such.”).

22
State v. Bensongreen
me · 1959 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023State v. Benson, 155 Me. 115, 124 , 151 A.2d 266, 271 (1959). (“There are numerous cases in which it has been held a new trial will not be granted even if instructions are erroneous unless it appears also that they might have been prejudicial to the excepting party.” (quotation marks omitted)).

2023State v. Benson, 155 Me. 115, 124 , 151 A.2d 266, 271 (1959). (“There are numerous cases in which it has been held a new trial will not be granted even if instructions are erroneous unless it appears also that they might have been prejudicial to the excepting party.” (quotation marks omitted)).

11
United States v. Russellgreen
ca1 · 2018 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022In 2018, the First Circuit stated that it "view[s] the presence of a biased juror as a structural error-that is, per se prejudicial and not susceptible to harmlessness analysis." United States v. French, 904 F.3d 111, 119 (1st Cir. 2018).

2022In 2018, the First Circuit stated that it "view[s] the presence of a biased juror as a structural error-that is, per se prejudicial and not susceptible to harmlessness analysis." United States v. French, 904 F.3d 111, 119 (1st Cir. 2018).

11
State v. Martingreen
iowa · 2000 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it “casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error.” Benson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

11
Kircher v. Putnam Funds Trustgreen
scotus · 2006 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it “casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error.” Benson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

11
Jones v. Flowersgreen
scotus · 2006 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it “casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error.” Benson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

11
Johnson v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1997 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
2 sentences

2001Structural error is a "`defect affecting the framework within which the trial proceeds, rather than simply an error in the trial process itself.'" Johnson, 520 U.S. at 468 , 117 S.Ct. 1544 (quoting Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279, 310 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 , 113 L.Ed.2d 302 (1991)).

2001Structural error is a "`defect affecting the framework within which the trial proceeds, rather than simply an error in the trial process itself.'" Johnson, 520 U.S. at 468 , 117 S.Ct. 1544 (quoting Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279, 310 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 , 113 L.Ed.2d 302 (1991)).

11
Neder v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1999 · cited in 1 Maine opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
2 sentences

2001The Supreme Court has found "structural errors only in a very limited class of *328 cases." [16] Johnson, 520 U.S. at 468 , 117 S.Ct. 1544 ; see also Neder v. United States, 527 U.S. 1, 8-9 , 119 S.Ct. 1827 , 144 L.Ed.2d 35 (1999).

2001The Supreme Court has found "structural errors only in a very limited class of *328 cases." [16] Johnson, 520 U.S. at 468 , 117 S.Ct. 1544 ; see also Neder v. United States, 527 U.S. 1, 8-9 , 119 S.Ct. 1827 , 144 L.Ed.2d 35 (1999).

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Maine. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (13)

CaseCitedYears
McKaskle v. Wiggins green
scotus · 1984
2 sentences

2019See McCoy v. Louisiana , --- U.S. ----, 138 S.Ct. 1500 , 1511, 200 L.Ed.2d 821 (2018) (stating that the deprivation of a defendant's right to self-representation is a structural error); McKaskle v. Wiggins , 465 U.S. 168 , 177 n.8, 104 S.Ct. 944 , 79 L.Ed.2d 122 (1984) (same).

2019See McCoy v. Louisiana , --- U.S. ----, 138 S.Ct. 1500 , 1511, 200 L.Ed.2d 821 (2018) (stating that the deprivation of a defendant's right to self-representation is a structural error); McKaskle v. Wiggins , 465 U.S. 168 , 177 n.8, 104 S.Ct. 944 , 79 L.Ed.2d 122 (1984) (same).

32006–2019
State v. Burdick green
me · 2001
2 sentences

2026State v. Burdick, 2001 ME 143, ¶ 27 , 782 A.2d 319 (explaining that a structural error is “intrinsically harmful” and requires the judgment to be vacated automatically, without regard to the effect the error had on the overall proceedings).

2026State v. Burdick, 2001 ME 143, ¶ 27 , 782 A.2d 319 (explaining that a structural error is “intrinsically harmful” and requires the judgment to be vacated automatically, without regard to the effect the error had on the overall proceedings).

12026–2026
State of Maine v. Kevin Carey green
me · 2019
1 sentence

2022Citing to that decision, the Law Court in 2019 determined that "[b]ecause of the constitutional rights at stake ... if we do discern an error that affects the right to an impartial adjudicator, that error cannot be regarded as harmless." Carey, 2019 ME 131 , ,r 16, 214 A.3d 488 .

12022–2022
Pena-Rodriguez v. Colorado green
scotus · 2017
1 sentence

2022In Pena-Rodriguez, however, the Court declined to address what standard trial courts should apply when determining whether evidence of juror racial bias is sufficient to grant a new trial, noting a split in the 20 circuit courts as to that issue. 580 U.S. at 228 . 12 In the intervening years, the First Circuit and the Law Court have both held that juror bias causes a structural error.

12022–2022
Johnson v. Zerbst green
scotus · 1938
2 sentences

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

12006–2006
Penson v. Ohio green
scotus · 1988
2 sentences

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

12006–2006
United States v. David Mateo green
ca1 · 1991
2 sentences

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it “casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error.” Benson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

12006–2006
Holloway v. Arkansas green
scotus · 1978
2 sentences

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

12006–2006
United States v. Ronnie Peppers green
ca3 · 2002
2 sentences

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it “casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error.” Benson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

12006–2006
Satterwhite v. Texas green
scotus · 1988
2 sentences

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

12006–2006
Rose v. Clark green
scotus · 1986
2 sentences

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

2006We apply the strong presumption against the waiver of a fundamental constitutional right, see Johnson, 304 U.S. at 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019 , and conclude that because Blumberg did not receive any warnings or information related to the inherent risks of proceeding to trial without counsel, he did not knowingly and intelligently waive his right to counsel. [¶ 36] The denial of the right to counsel is a structural error for which harm is presumed because it "casts such doubt on the fairness of the trial process, that it can never be considered harmless error." Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 88 , 109 S.

12006–2006
United States v. Renard Maurice Nealy green
ca11 · 2000
2 sentences

2001In sum, the Apprendi error "did not recognize or create a structural error that would require per se reversal." United States v. Nealy, 232 F.3d 825 , 829 (11th Cir.2000). [¶ 29] Having rejected Burdick's claim of structural error, we must determine whether the unpreserved error is "obvious error" requiring that the sentence be set aside.

2001In sum, the Apprendi error “did not recognize or create a structural error that would require per se reversal.” United States v. Nealy, 232 F.3d 825 , 829 (11th Cir.2000). [¶29] Having rejected Burdick’s claim of structural error, we must determine whether the unpreserved error is “obvious error” requiring that the sentence be set aside.

12001–2001
Arizona v. Fulminante green
scotus · 1991
2 sentences

2001Structural error is a "`defect affecting the framework within which the trial proceeds, rather than simply an error in the trial process itself.'" Johnson, 520 U.S. at 468 , 117 S.Ct. 1544 (quoting Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279, 310 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 , 113 L.Ed.2d 302 (1991)).

2001Structural error is a "`defect affecting the framework within which the trial proceeds, rather than simply an error in the trial process itself.'" Johnson, 520 U.S. at 468 , 117 S.Ct. 1544 (quoting Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279, 310 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 , 113 L.Ed.2d 302 (1991)).

12001–2001

Statutes the citing opinions construe

ME § Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 152-A (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

IL 265 (1974–2026) OH 250 (1996–2026) CA 178 (1995–2026) MI 171 (1994–2026) TX 157 (1996–2026) WA 152 (2002–2025) PA 96 (2003–2026) OR 86 (1992–2024) CO 73 (1995–2026) LA 70 (1993–2026) IA 65 (2003–2026) MA 55 (1995–2025) NC 46 (2002–2025) KY 45 (2005–2026) AZ 44 (1996–2026) MN 41 (2001–2026) MT 41 (2001–2026) KS 40 (2001–2026) WI 36 (2003–2025) CT 32 (1996–2026) MD 29 (2001–2026) NV 28 (2001–2021) DC 26 (1997–2025) NM 26 (2004–2025) MO 25 (2002–2024) GA 25 (2007–2025) UT 24 (1996–2026) NJ 23 (1992–2026) ND 21 (2004–2025) TN 19 (2006–2025) ID 16 (2003–2023) FL 15 (1995–2023) SD 13 (2000–2025) WY 12 (2008–2025) SC 12 (1995–2025) OK 12 (1997–2022) AL 11 (1999–2024) VA 10 (2005–2026) HI 10 (2013–2025) NE 10 (1999–2026) ME 9 (2001–2026) AR 9 (1996–2026) IN 8 (2002–2025) AK 6 (2018–2025) VT 6 (1995–2026) DE 6 (2003–2025) NY 5 (1939–2012) VI 4 (2013–2026) GU 3 (2022–2025) MS 3 (2013–2023) NH 3 (2009–2013)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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