adequacy warning (Illinois) · Go Syfert
← Illinois issues

adequacy warning in Illinois

57 Illinois opinions name it 2 courts 1970–2026 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Illinois courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (24)

CaseFollowedCited
People v. Bullgreen
ill · 1998 · cited in 4 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2009–2011
2 sentences

2011Moore, 207 Ill. 2d at 78 , 797 N.E.2d at 638 ; People v. Bull, 185 Ill. 2d 179, 210 , 705 N.E.2d 824, 839 (1998).

2011Moore, 207 Ill. 2d at 78 , 797 N.E.2d at 638 ; People v. Bull, 185 Ill. 2d 179, 210 , 705 N.E.2d 824, 839 (1998).

44
Worm v. American Cyanamid Companygreen
ca4 · 1993 · cited in 4 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002See Kuiper v. American Cyanamid Co., 131 F.3d 656, 666 (7th Cir. 1997) (off-label statement that essentially repeated label warnings is preempted by FIFRA); Worm, 5 F.3d at 748-49 (claims based on representations that repeated those made on labels and literature distributed with herbicide are preempted by FIFRA); Papas, 985 F.2d at 519-20 (claims challenging the adequacy of warnings of materials other than the label or packaging of a chemical necessarily imply that the labeling and packaging failed to warn the user and are, therefore, preempted by FIFRA; state law claims for breach of an impli

2002See Kuiper v. American Cyanamid Co., 131 F.3d 656, 666 (7th Cir. 1997) (off-label statement that essentially repeated label warnings is preempted by FIFRA); Worm, 5 F.3d at 748-49 (claims based on representations that repeated those made on labels and literature distributed with herbicide are preempted by FIFRA); Papas, 985 F.2d at 519-20 (claims challenging the adequacy of warnings of materials other than the label or packaging of a chemical necessarily imply that the labeling and packaging failed to warn the user and are, therefore, preempted by FIFRA; state law claims for breach of an impli

24
Charles H. Kuiper, Sr., Mae E. Kuiper, and Charles A. Kuiper, Jr., D/B/A Charles H. Kuiper & Son Farms v. American Cyanamid Companygreen
ca7 · 1997 · cited in 4 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002See Kuiper v. American Cyanamid Co., 131 F.3d 656, 666 (7th Cir. 1997) (off-label statement that essentially repeated label warnings is preempted by FIFRA); Worm, 5 F.3d at 748-49 (claims based on representations that repeated those made on labels and literature distributed with herbicide are preempted by FIFRA); Papas, 985 F.2d at 519-20 (claims challenging the adequacy of warnings of materials other than the label or packaging of a chemical necessarily imply that the labeling and packaging failed to warn the user and are, therefore, preempted by FIFRA; state law claims for breach of an impli

2002See Kuiper v. American Cyanamid Co., 131 F.3d 656, 666 (7th Cir. 1997) (off-label statement that essentially repeated label warnings is preempted by FIFRA); Worm, 5 F.3d at 748-49 (claims based on representations that repeated those made on labels and literature distributed with herbicide are preempted by FIFRA); Papas, 985 F.2d at 519-20 (claims challenging the adequacy of warnings of materials other than the label or packaging of a chemical necessarily imply that the labeling and packaging failed to warn the user and are, therefore, preempted by FIFRA; state law claims for breach of an impli

24
Devyn Corporation v. The City of Bloomington, Illinoisgreen
illappct · 2015 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2018–2019
2 sentences

2019See, e.g., Devyn Corp. v. City of Bloomington, 2015 IL App (4th) 140819, ¶ 73 (equitable accounting); Kopchar v. City of Chicago, 395 Ill.

2018See, e.g. , Devyn Corp. v. City of Bloomington , 2015 IL App (4th) 140819 , ¶ 73, 395 Ill.Dec. 510 , 38 N.E.3d 1266 (equitable accounting); Kopchar v. City of Chicago , 395 Ill.

22
Roland MacHinery Company v. Dresser Industries, Inc.green
ca7 · 1984 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2018–2019
2 sentences

2019App. 3d 783, 789 (2010); see Roland Machinery Co. v. Dresser Industries, Inc., 749 F.2d 380, 386 (7th Cir. 1984) (“The absence of an adequate remedy at law is a precondition to any form of equitable relief.”). ¶ 32 Reflecting its deep and well-understood roots in the law of equity, Illinois courts have faithfully applied the adequacy rule across the spectrum of equitable claims.

2018App. 3d 783 , 789, 351 Ill.Dec. 641 , 952 N.E.2d 14 (2010) ; see Roland Machinery Co. v. Dresser Industries, Inc. , 749 F.2d 380 , 386 (7th Cir. 1984) ("The absence of an adequate remedy at law is a precondition to any form of equitable relief."). ¶ 32 Reflecting its deep and well-understood roots in the law of equity, Illinois courts have faithfully applied the adequacy rule across the spectrum of equitable claims.

22
Robert Horton v. Goose Creek Independent School Districtgreen
ca5 · 1982 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016See Unger v. Amedisys Inc., 401 F.3d 316, 321 (5th Cir. 2005) (“Class representatives must satisfy the court that they, and not counsel, are directing the litigation.”); Key v. Gillette Co., 782 F.2d 5, 7 (1st Cir. 1986) (adequacy “requirement is particularly important because the due -9- No. 1-14-3733 process rights of absentee class members may be implicated if they are bound by a final judgment in a suit where they were inadequately represented by the named plaintiff”); Horton v. Goose Creek Independent School District, 690 F.2d 470 , 484 (5th Cir. 1982) (“The adequacy requirement mandates

2016See Unger v. Amedisys Inc., 401 F.3d 316, 321 (5th Cir. 2005) (“Class representatives must satisfy the court that they, and not counsel, are directing the litigation.”); Key v. Gillette Co., 782 F.2d 5, 7 (1st Cir. 1986) (adequacy “requirement is particularly important because the due -9- No. 1-14-3733 process rights of absentee class members may be implicated if they are bound by a final judgment in a suit where they were inadequately represented by the named plaintiff”); Horton v. Goose Creek Independent School District, 690 F.2d 470 , 484 (5th Cir. 1982) (“The adequacy requirement mandates

22
Barbara J. Key v. Gillette Companygreen
ca1 · 1986 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016See Unger v. Amedisys Inc., 401 F.3d 316, 321 (5th Cir. 2005) (“Class representatives must satisfy the court that they, and not counsel, are directing the litigation.”); Key v. Gillette Co., 782 F.2d 5, 7 (1st Cir. 1986) (adequacy “requirement is particularly important because the due -9- No. 1-14-3733 process rights of absentee class members may be implicated if they are bound by a final judgment in a suit where they were inadequately represented by the named plaintiff”); Horton v. Goose Creek Independent School District, 690 F.2d 470 , 484 (5th Cir. 1982) (“The adequacy requirement mandates

2016See Unger v. Amedisys Inc., 401 F.3d 316, 321 (5th Cir. 2005) (“Class representatives must satisfy the court that they, and not counsel, are directing the litigation.”); Key v. Gillette Co., 782 F.2d 5, 7 (1st Cir. 1986) (adequacy “requirement is particularly important because the due -9- No. 1-14-3733 process rights of absentee class members may be implicated if they are bound by a final judgment in a suit where they were inadequately represented by the named plaintiff”); Horton v. Goose Creek Independent School District, 690 F.2d 470 , 484 (5th Cir. 1982) (“The adequacy requirement mandates

22
Frances Unger, William Patterson, Lead Gordon Ellis, Lead v. Amedisys Inc.green
ca5 · 2005 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016See Unger v. Amedisys Inc., 401 F.3d 316, 321 (5th Cir. 2005) (“Class representatives must satisfy the court that they, and not counsel, are directing the litigation.”); Key v. Gillette Co., 782 F.2d 5, 7 (1st Cir. 1986) (adequacy “requirement is particularly important because the due -9- No. 1-14-3733 process rights of absentee class members may be implicated if they are bound by a final judgment in a suit where they were inadequately represented by the named plaintiff”); Horton v. Goose Creek Independent School District, 690 F.2d 470 , 484 (5th Cir. 1982) (“The adequacy requirement mandates

2016See Unger v. Amedisys Inc., 401 F.3d 316, 321 (5th Cir. 2005) (“Class representatives must satisfy the court that they, and not counsel, are directing the litigation.”); Key v. Gillette Co., 782 F.2d 5, 7 (1st Cir. 1986) (adequacy “requirement is particularly important because the due -9- No. 1-14-3733 process rights of absentee class members may be implicated if they are bound by a final judgment in a suit where they were inadequately represented by the named plaintiff”); Horton v. Goose Creek Independent School District, 690 F.2d 470 , 484 (5th Cir. 1982) (“The adequacy requirement mandates

22
Papas v. The Upjohn Companygreen
ca11 · 1993 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002See Kuiper v. American Cyanamid Co., 131 F.3d 656, 666 (7th Cir. 1997) (off-label statement that essentially repeated label warnings is preempted by FIFRA); Worm, 5 F.3d at 748-49 (claims based on representations that repeated those made on labels and literature distributed with herbicide are preempted by FIFRA); Papas, 985 F.2d at 519-20 (claims challenging the adequacy of warnings of materials other than the label or packaging of a chemical necessarily imply that the labeling and packaging failed to warn the user and are, therefore, preempted by FIFRA; state law claims for breach of an impli

2002See Kuiper v. American Cyanamid Co., 131 F.3d 656, 666 (7th Cir. 1997) (off-label statement that essentially repeated label warnings is preempted by FIFRA); Worm, 5 F.3d at 748-49 (claims based on representations that repeated those made on labels and literature distributed with herbicide are preempted by FIFRA); Papas, 985 F.2d at 519-20 (claims challenging the adequacy of warnings of materials other than the label or packaging of a chemical necessarily imply that the labeling and packaging failed to warn the user and are, therefore, preempted by FIFRA; state law claims for breach of an impli

22
Kim Netland v. Hess & Clark, Inc.green
ca8 · 2002 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002See, e.g., Netland v. Hess & Clark, Inc., 284 F.3d 895 (8th Cir. 2002); Nathan Kimmel, Inc. v. Dowelanco, 275 F.3d 1199 (9th Cir. 2002); Kuiper v. American Cyanamid Co., 131 F.3d 656 (7th Cir. 1997); Worm v. American Cyanamid Co., 5 F.3d 744 (4th Cir. 1993); King v. E.I.

2002See, e.g. , Netland v. Hess & Clark, Inc. , 284 F.3d 895 (8th Cir. 2002); Nathan Kimmel, Inc. v. Dowelanco , 275 F.3d 1199 (9th Cir. 2002); Kuiper v. American Cyanamid Co. , 131 F.3d 656 (7th Cir. 1997); Worm v. American Cyanamid Co. , 5 F.3d 744 (4th Cir. 1993); King v. E.I.

22
Proctor v. Davisgreen
illappct · 1997 · cited in 4 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2002–2022
2 sentences

2020Or, as our supreme court has stated, “ ‘[d]octors who have not been sufficiently warned of the harmful effects of a drug cannot be considered ‘learned intermediaries’ and the adequacy of warnings is a question of fact, not law, for the jury to determine ***.’ ” Id. (emphasis added.) (quoting Proctor v. Davis, 291 Ill.

2002The court said, “Doctors who have not been sufficiently warned of the harmful effects of a drug cannot be considered ‘learned intermediaries’ and the adequacy of warnings is a question of fact, not law, for the jury to determine, as it did in the instant case.” (Emphasis added.) Proctor, 291 Ill.

14
Palmer v. Avco Distributing Corp.green
ill · 1980 · cited in 4 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1985–2011
2 sentences

2011Palmer v. Avco Distributing Corp., 82 Ill.2d 211, 221 , 45 Ill.Dec. 377 , 412 N.E.2d 959 (1980).

2011Palmer v. Avco Distributing Corp., 82 Ill.2d 211, 221 , 45 Ill.Dec. 377 , 412 N.E.2d 959 (1980).

14
Chandler v. Illinois Central Railroadgreen
ill · 2003 · cited in 3 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Co., 207 Ill. 2d 331, 342-43 , 798 N.E.2d 724, 730 (2003). 25 Chandler found that the record led to the conclusion "that in 1962 the Commission duly investigated the crossing and the adequacy of the warning devices." (Emphasis added.) Chandler, 207 Ill. 2d at 343 , 798 N.E.2d at 730 .

2014Co., 207 Ill. 2d 331, 342-43 , 798 N.E.2d 724, 730 (2003). 25 Chandler found that the record led to the conclusion "that in 1962 the Commission duly investigated the crossing and the adequacy of the warning devices." (Emphasis added.) Chandler, 207 Ill. 2d at 343 , 798 N.E.2d at 730 .

13
Kopchar v. City of Chicagogreen
illappct · 2009 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2018–2019
2 sentences

2019See, e.g., Devyn Corp. v. City of Bloomington, 2015 IL App (4th) 140819, ¶ 73 (equitable accounting); Kopchar v. City of Chicago, 395 Ill.

2018See, e.g. , Devyn Corp. v. City of Bloomington , 2015 IL App (4th) 140819 , ¶ 73, 395 Ill.Dec. 510 , 38 N.E.3d 1266 (equitable accounting); Kopchar v. City of Chicago , 395 Ill.

12
Northern Trust Co. v. Upjohn Co.green
illappct · 1991 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011Northern Trust Co. v. Upjohn Co., 213 Ill.App.3d 390, 401 , 157 Ill.Dec. 566 , 572 N.E.2d 1030 (1991).

2011Northern Trust Co. v. Upjohn Co., 213 Ill.App.3d 390, 401 , 157 Ill.Dec. 566 , 572 N.E.2d 1030 (1991).

12
People v. Wegielnikgreen
ill · 1992 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
2 sentences

2001As long as the defendant can comprehend that he is being asked to take a test (see People v. Wegielnik, 152 Ill.2d 418, 432 , 178 Ill.

2001As long as the defendant can comprehend that he is being asked to take a test (see People v. Wegielnik, 152 Ill. 2d 418, 432 (1992)) and as long as the pretest warnings are objectively accurate and informative (see Englebrecht, 225 Ill.

12
De Bouse v. Bayer AGgreen
ill · 2009 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Here, a merits-based analysis and conclusive determination is unnecessary, for it is -8- No. 1-24-1034 not directly relevant to the adequacy requirement, or the commonality and predominance requirements. ¶ 28 We acknowledge that a class representative “cannot adequately represent a class when the representative does not state a valid cause of action.” De Bouse v. Bayer, 235 Ill. 2d 544, 560 (2009); see Barbara’s Sales, Inc. v. Intel Corp., 227 Ill. 2d 45, 73 (2007) (class certification reversed because the allegedly deceptive product name was nothing more than puffery and could not form the ba

11
Barbara's Sales, Inc. v. Intel Corp.green
ill · 2007 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Here, a merits-based analysis and conclusive determination is unnecessary, for it is -8- No. 1-24-1034 not directly relevant to the adequacy requirement, or the commonality and predominance requirements. ¶ 28 We acknowledge that a class representative “cannot adequately represent a class when the representative does not state a valid cause of action.” De Bouse v. Bayer, 235 Ill. 2d 544, 560 (2009); see Barbara’s Sales, Inc. v. Intel Corp., 227 Ill. 2d 45, 73 (2007) (class certification reversed because the allegedly deceptive product name was nothing more than puffery and could not form the ba

11
CC Disposal, Inc. v. Veolia ES Valley View Landfill, Inc.green
illappct · 2010 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
11
People v. Metcalfegreen
ill · 2002 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
Baltus v. Weaver Division of Kidde & Co.green
illappct · 1990 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Merchants Nat. Bk. v. EJ & E. RY. CO.green
ill · 1971 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
11
Dion v. Graduate Hospital of the University of Pennsylvaniagreen
pa · 1987 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1991–1991
11
People v. Pickettgreen
ill · 1973 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1978–1978
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (1)

CaseNegativeCited
Malone v. American Cyanamid Co.green
illappct · 1995 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002But see Malone v. American Cyanamid Co., 271 Ill.

2002But see Malone v. American Cyanamid Co., 271 Ill.

22

Also cited on this issue (39)

CaseCitedYears
People v. Strickland green
illappct · 2006
2 sentences

2011People v. Strickland, 363 Ill.

2011People v. Strickland, 363 Ill.

42009–2011
People v. Moore green
ill · 2003
2 sentences

2011Moore, 207 Ill. 2d at 78 , 797 N.E.2d at 638 ; People v. Bull, 185 Ill. 2d 179, 210 , 705 N.E.2d 824, 839 (1998).

2011Moore, 207 Ill. 2d at 78 , 797 N.E.2d at 638 ; People v. Bull, 185 Ill. 2d 179, 210 , 705 N.E.2d 824, 839 (1998).

42009–2011
Espinoza v. Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway Co. green
ill · 1995
2 sentences

2003Thus, EJ&E is entitled to summary judgment with respect to the adequacy of the warning devices installed at the 22nd Street crossing.” Espinoza , 165 Ill. 2d at 124 .

2003Thus, EJ&E is entitled to summary judgment with respect to the adequacy of the warning devices installed at the 22nd Street crossing.” Espinoza, 165 Ill. 2d at 124 .

42002–2003
Mabry v. Village of Glenwood green
illappct · 2015
2 sentences

2019Mabry v. Village of Glenwood, 2015 IL App (1st) 140356 , ¶ 12; 735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West 2016). ¶ 11 Analysis ¶ 12 Impact of Appellate Court’s Decertification of Class ¶ 13 In Byer Clinic, 2016 IL App (1st) 143733 , this court found the purported class representative, Byer Clinic, failed to meet the adequacy requirement.

2018Mabry v. Village of Glenwood, 2015 IL App (1st) 140356 , ¶ 12; 735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West 2016). ¶ 11 Analysis ¶ 12 Impact of Appellate Court’s Decertification of Class ¶ 13 In Byer Clinic, 2016 IL App (1st) 143733 , this court found the purported class representative, Byer Clinic, failed to meet the adequacy requirement.

22018–2019
Byer Clinic and Chiropractic, Ltd. v. Kapraun green
illappct · 2016
2 sentences

2019Mabry v. Village of Glenwood, 2015 IL App (1st) 140356 , ¶ 12; 735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West 2016). ¶ 11 Analysis ¶ 12 Impact of Appellate Court’s Decertification of Class ¶ 13 In Byer Clinic, 2016 IL App (1st) 143733 , this court found the purported class representative, Byer Clinic, failed to meet the adequacy requirement.

2018Mabry v. Village of Glenwood, 2015 IL App (1st) 140356 , ¶ 12; 735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West 2016). ¶ 11 Analysis ¶ 12 Impact of Appellate Court’s Decertification of Class ¶ 13 In Byer Clinic, 2016 IL App (1st) 143733 , this court found the purported class representative, Byer Clinic, failed to meet the adequacy requirement.

22018–2019
Nathan Kimmel, Inc. Nathan Kimmel, LLC Knf Corp., Formerly Known as Kennedy Nylon Film Corp. v. Dowelanco green
ca9 · 2002
2 sentences

2002See, e.g., Netland v. Hess & Clark, Inc., 284 F.3d 895 (8th Cir. 2002); Nathan Kimmel, Inc. v. Dowelanco, 275 F.3d 1199 (9th Cir. 2002); Kuiper v. American Cyanamid Co., 131 F.3d 656 (7th Cir. 1997); Worm v. American Cyanamid Co., 5 F.3d 744 (4th Cir. 1993); King v. E.I.

2002See, e.g. , Netland v. Hess & Clark, Inc. , 284 F.3d 895 (8th Cir. 2002); Nathan Kimmel, Inc. v. Dowelanco , 275 F.3d 1199 (9th Cir. 2002); Kuiper v. American Cyanamid Co. , 131 F.3d 656 (7th Cir. 1997); Worm v. American Cyanamid Co. , 5 F.3d 744 (4th Cir. 1993); King v. E.I.

22002–2002
CSX Transportation, Inc. v. Easterwood green
scotus · 1993
2 sentences

2001Easterwood, 507 U.S. at 670 , 123 L.

2001Easterwood, 507 U.S. at 670 , 123 L.

22001–2001
Tongate v. Wyeth Laboratories green
illappct · 1991
2 sentences

1997Tongate, 220 Ill.App.3d at 963 , 162 Ill.Dec. 801 , 580 N.E.2d 1220 ; Batteast v. Wyeth Laboratories, Inc., 137 Ill.2d 175, 192-94 , 148 Ill.Dec. 13 , 560 N.E.2d 315 (1990).

1997Tongate, 220 Ill.

21997–1997
Woodill v. Parke Davis & Co. green
ill · 1980
2 sentences

1993(Woodill v. Parke Davis & Co. (1980), 79 Ill. 2d 26, 34-35 , 402 N.E.2d 194, 198 ; see also Baltus v. Weaver Division of Kidde & Co. (1990), 199 Ill.

1993(Woodill v. Parke Davis & Co. (1980), 79 Ill. 2d 26, 34-35 , 402 N.E.2d 194, 198 ; see also Baltus v. Weaver Division of Kidde & Co. (1990), 199 Ill.

21980–1993
Lawson v. G. D. Searle & Co. green
ill · 1976
2 sentences

1988Searle & Co. (1976), 64 Ill. 2d 543, 550-51 , 356 N.E.2d 779, 783 .) The determination as to the adequacy of warnings that are included in a package insert of a drug distributed to the medical profession is a question that is within the province of the trier of fact.

1988Searle & Co. (1976), 64 Ill. 2d 543, 550-51 , 356 N.E.2d 779, 783 .) The determination as to the adequacy of warnings that are included in a package insert of a drug distributed to the medical profession is a question that is within the province of the trier of fact.

21980–1988
People v. Krankel green
ill · 1984
1 sentence

2026Defendant argues the trial court erred by not - 11 - conducting a neutral and nonadversarial inquiry pursuant to People v. Krankel, 102 Ill. 2d 181 (1984), and its progeny.

12026–2026
People v. Ayres green
ill · 2017
12021–2021
Hansen v. Baxter Healthcare Corp. green
ill · 2002
12020–2020
Brennan v. Wisconsin Central Limited green
illappct · 1992
12002–2002
People v. Engelbrecht green
illappct · 1992
12001–2001
Batteast v. Wyeth Laboratories, Inc. green
ill · 1990
11997–1997
Brendel v. Hustava green
illappct · 1981
11994–1994
Huff v. Elmhurst-Chicago Stone Co. green
illappct · 1981
11994–1994
Renfro v. Allied Industrial Equipment Corp. green
illappct · 1987
11994–1994
Bell v. Lincoln Electric Co. green
illappct · 1994
11994–1994
People v. Stack green
ill · 1986
11993–1993
Turner v. Murray green
scotus · 1986
11993–1993
Tankersley v. Peabody Coal Co. green
ill · 1964
11992–1992
Blazina v. Blazina green
illappct · 1976
11992–1992
Ruffiner v. Material Service Corp. green
ill · 1987
11992–1992
United States v. Warren James Bland green
ca9 · 1990
11991–1991
George S. Krasnov v. Brendan Dinan green
ca3 · 1972
11991–1991
Kirk v. Michael Reese Hospital & Medical Center green
ill · 1987
11991–1991
Kirk v. Michael Reese Hospital & Medical Center neutral
illappct · 1985
11987–1987
Darling v. Charleston Community Memorial Hospital green
ill · 1965
11985–1985
The People v. Henry green
ill · 1970
11983–1983
Rucker v. Norfolk & Western Railway Co. green
ill · 1979
11980–1980
Dunham v. Vaughan & Bushnell Mfg. Co. green
ill · 1969
11980–1980
Woodill v. Parke Davis & Co. green
illappct · 1978
11980–1980
People v. Jenkins green
ill · 1977
11978–1978
Willie Salt Coyote v. United States green
ca10 · 1967
11972–1972
People v. Swift neutral
nyappdiv · 1969
11970–1970
Steel v. State green
ark · 1969
11970–1970
Jones v. State green
ind · 1969
11970–1970

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-801 (5) IL § 625 ILCS 5/18c-7401 (4) IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-615 (4) IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-619 (4) USC § 47u.s.c.227 (4) USC § 7u.s.c.136 (4) CFR § 23c.f.r.646.214 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 172 (1935–2026) NY 130 (1953–2026) CA 78 (1954–2026) IL 57 (1970–2026) WA 48 (1968–2026) PA 46 (1971–2023) IN 43 (1979–2024) FL 43 (1972–2026) NJ 31 (1955–2025) LA 31 (1954–2024) MI 27 (1963–2022) MA 25 (1974–2025) OH 24 (1974–2026) MN 22 (1984–2024) OR 21 (1943–2024) NV 21 (1983–2022) MS 20 (1969–2017) CO 16 (1976–2021) WI 15 (1972–2026) MO 15 (1958–2019) CT 14 (1950–2016) AZ 14 (1947–2024) AL 13 (1983–2013) KS 13 (1984–2026) NM 13 (1975–2015) AR 12 (1992–2022) TN 11 (1985–2022) DC 11 (1968–2025) UT 11 (1989–2024) GA 10 (1982–2025) IA 10 (1986–2014) DE 9 (1985–2023) KY 9 (1968–2024) RI 9 (2000–2026) MD 8 (1968–2012) OK 7 (1975–2010) ID 6 (1979–2013) AK 6 (1973–2018) VA 5 (1985–2026) VT 5 (1990–2026) ND 5 (1909–1997) NC 4 (1975–2012) WY 4 (1992–2019) WV 4 (1979–2018) SC 4 (1973–2008) ME 3 (1981–2013) HI 3 (1999–2007) MT 3 (2000–2010) VI 2 (2002–2005)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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