56 Ohio opinions name it 2 courts 1980–2026 11 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Ohio courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
State ex rel. Royal v. Industrial Commissiongreen2 sentences2007“This insures that the party opposing reconsideration can prepare a meaningful defense to the assertion that continuing jurisdiction is warranted.” Id. at ¶ 15; Royal, 95 Ohio St.3d at 100, 766 N.E.2d 135 . 2007“This insures that the party opposing reconsideration can prepare a meaningful defense to the assertion that continuing jurisdiction is warranted.” Id. at ¶ 15; Royal, 95 Ohio St.3d at 100, 766 N.E.2d 135 . | 2 | 9 |
United States v. Donald G. Auengreen2 sentences2002See United States v. Auen (C.A.2, 1988), 846 F.2d 872, 878 ; Renfroe, 825 F.2d at 767 ; United States v. Mason (C.A.4, 1995), 52 F.3d 1286, 1293 ; Wheat v. Thigpen (C.A.5, 1986), 793 F.2d 621, 630 ; Cremeans v. Chapleau (C.A.6, 1995), 62 F.3d 167, 169 ; United States ex rel. 2002See United States v. Auen (C.A.2, 1988), 846 F.2d 872, 878 ; Renfroe, 825 F.2d at 767 ; United States v. Mason (C.A.4, 1995), 52 F.3d 1286, 1293 ; Wheat v. Thigpen (C.A.5, 1986), 793 F.2d 621, 630 ; Cremeans v. Chapleau (C.A.6, 1995), 62 F.3d 167, 169 ; United States ex rel. | 2 | 2 |
Crane v. Kentuckygreen2 sentences2006Id. at ¶ 130. {¶ 25} Every criminal defendant has a constitutional right to present a meaningful defense. 1 Crane v. Kentucky (1986), 476 U.S. 683 , 690 , 106 S.Ct. 2142 . 2006Id. at ¶ 130. {¶ 25} Every criminal defendant has a constitutional right to present a meaningful defense. 1 Crane v. Kentucky (1986), 476 U.S. 683 , 690 , 106 S.Ct. 2142 . | 1 | 12 |
Wixom v. Union Savings Bankgreen1 sentence2026Bank, 2006-Ohio-1216, ¶ 5 (1st Dist.), quoting 12 C.F.R. 226.1(b) (current version at 12 C.F.R. 1026.1(b)). | 1 | 1 |
State v. Gilmoregreen1 sentence2025See State v. Williams, 6 Ohio St.3d 281 (1983), paragraph six of the syllabus; State v. Gilmore, 28 Ohio St.3d 190, 193 (1986); State v. Conway, 2006-Ohio- 791, ¶ 123. {¶100} Accordingly, because Vicario has failed to demonstrate that the exclusion of statistical evidence affected the outcome of the trial, or impaired his ability to present a meaningful defense, the third assignment of error is overruled. | 1 | 1 |
State v. Williamsgreen1 sentence2025See State v. Williams, 6 Ohio St.3d 281 (1983), paragraph six of the syllabus; State v. Gilmore, 28 Ohio St.3d 190, 193 (1986); State v. Conway, 2006-Ohio- 791, ¶ 123. {¶100} Accordingly, because Vicario has failed to demonstrate that the exclusion of statistical evidence affected the outcome of the trial, or impaired his ability to present a meaningful defense, the third assignment of error is overruled. | 1 | 1 |
State v. Selfgreen1 sentence2024Third assignment of error: confrontation clause {¶ 48} Before addressing Foster’s second assignment of error, concerning ineffective assistance of counsel, we briefly turn to and dispose of Foster’s third assignment of error, Nos. 21AP-314, 22AP-589, & 23AP-141 14 in which he claims that, by permitting J.B. to testify by video conference, the trial court deprived Foster of his constitutional rights under the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 10 of the Ohio Constitution to confront J.B. and to present a meaningful defense. {¶ 49} The Sixth Amendment to the | 1 | 1 |
State v. Bates, Unpublished Decision (5-4-2004)green1 sentence2019Ashland No. 03-COA-057, 2004-Ohio-2260, ¶26 (The trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion solely on the nature of the offense and failing to make other statutory findings.); Hilbert, supra (The court denied the motion without offering any findings or reasons and simply adopted the state’s objection which was based solely on the nature of the offense.); State v. Berry, 135 Ohio App.3d 250 (2d Dist.1999) (The trial court abused its discretion where it summarily denied the application without a hearing because it was a “sex offense” crime.) {¶21} Although appellant’s statement of t | 1 | 1 |
| Gwinn v. Ohio Elections Commissiongreen | 1 | 1 |
| State ex rel. Foster v. Industrial Commissiongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
State v. Cartergreen1 sentence2024But see, State v. Carter, __ Ohio St.3d __, 2024-Ohio-1247, ¶ 56 (Fischer, J., concurring) (suggesting that the court should revisit that conclusion in an appropriate case). {¶ 50} The United States Constitution affords a defendant the right to confrontation, “ ‘not for the idle purpose of gazing upon the witness, or of being gazed upon by him, but for the purpose of cross-examination, which cannot be had except by the direct and personal putting of questions and obtaining immediate answers.’ ” Self at 76 , quoting 5 Wigmore on Evidence (Chabourn Rev.1974) 150, Section 1395. | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Morrissey v. Brewer
green
2 sentences2021Daniel found that the procedures identified in R.C. 2967.271(C) and (D) for rebutting the presumptive release date are constitutionally insufficient because the law, “as written, does not afford inmates a meaningful hearing, which is the fundamental element of due process required by the liberty interest the statute itself creates.” Id. at ¶ 31-39, 40. {¶11} More specifically, it found that the Reagan Tokes Law provisions did not provide the minimum due process requirements under Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471 , 92 S.Ct. 2593 , 33 L.Ed.2d 484 (1972) for parole revocation and Wolff v. McDonn 2021Daniel found that the procedures identified in R.C. 2967.271(C) and (D) for rebutting the presumptive release date are constitutionally insufficient because the law, “as written, does not afford inmates a meaningful hearing, which is the fundamental element of due process required by the liberty interest the statute itself creates.” Id. at ¶ 31-39, 40. {¶11} More specifically, it found that the Reagan Tokes Law provisions did not provide the minimum due process requirements under Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471 , 92 S.Ct. 2593 , 33 L.Ed.2d 484 (1972) for parole revocation and Wolff v. McDonn | 4 | 2003–2021 |
Strickland v. Washington
green
2 sentences2012Ineffective Assistance of Counsel {¶23} In his second assignment of error, appellant argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel based on his attorney’s failure to mount a meaningful challenge to the five-year-old accuser’s allegations where the evidence indicated that those allegations where tainted by outside influences. {¶24} “The benchmark for judging any claim of ineffectiveness must be whether counsel’s conduct so undermined the proper functioning of the adversarial process that the trial cannot be relied on as having produced a just result.” Strickland v. Washington, 466 U 2012Ineffective Assistance of Counsel {¶23} In his second assignment of error, appellant argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel based on his attorney’s failure to mount a meaningful challenge to the five-year-old accuser’s allegations where the evidence indicated that those allegations where tainted by outside influences. {¶24} “The benchmark for judging any claim of ineffectiveness must be whether counsel’s conduct so undermined the proper functioning of the adversarial process that the trial cannot be relied on as having produced a just result.” Strickland v. Washington, 466 U | 3 | 1999–2012 |
B & N Enterprises, Inc. v. Liquor Control Commission
neutral
2 sentences2008This evidence tends to prove the violation. *Page 8 {¶ 16} Accordingly, we resolve that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding that there was reliable, probative, and substantial evidence to support the commission's order. {¶ 17} Appellant, citing B N Ent. v. Liquor Control Comm. (1999), 131 Ohio App.3d 394 , also contends that it was denied a meaningful hearing because the commission simply accepted the investigative report without considering evidence in the record contrary to the investigative report. 2004Bd. of Ohio (1996), 110 Ohio App.3d 124 , 129 ; B N, supra. Both of these cases criticized the revocation of licenses in the absence of a meaningful hearing. {¶ 14} In the case at bar, the commission held a meaningful hearing. | 3 | 2002–2008 |
Goldman v. State Medical Board
green
2 sentences2004Bd. of Ohio (1996), 110 Ohio App.3d 124 , 129 ; B N, supra. Both of these cases criticized the revocation of licenses in the absence of a meaningful hearing. {¶ 14} In the case at bar, the commission held a meaningful hearing. 2003Bd. of Ohio (1996), 110 Ohio App.3d 124 . {¶ 5} In an administrative appeal, pursuant to R.C. 119.12 , the trial court reviews an agency's order to determine whether the order is supported by reliable, probative and substantial evidence and is in accordance with law. | 3 | 2002–2004 |
Brady v. Maryland
green
2 sentences2024R. 33(A)(6), (B) & State v. Bethel, 167 Ohio St. 3d 362 ¶41 was bar by res judicata, when the Appellant made a prima facie showing the State failed to disclose Det. [B.C.]/[C.R.] where in under investigation at the time of his trial for falsifying documents, tampering with evidence & theft in office , which affected the Appellant’s substantial rights and a meaningful defense, in violation of Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 ? 2015McClain assets that he had a right under Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 , 83 S.Ct. 1194 , 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963), to learn CI#2’s identity and certain information affecting the informant’s credibility. | 2 | 2015–2024 |
Wolff v. McDonnell
green
2 sentences2021Daniel found that the procedures identified in R.C. 2967.271(C) and (D) for rebutting the presumptive release date are constitutionally insufficient because the law, “as written, does not afford inmates a meaningful hearing, which is the fundamental element of due process required by the liberty interest the statute itself creates.” Id. at ¶ 31-39, 40. {¶11} More specifically, it found that the Reagan Tokes Law provisions did not provide the minimum due process requirements under Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471 , 92 S.Ct. 2593 , 33 L.Ed.2d 484 (1972) for parole revocation and Wolff v. McDonn 2021Daniel found that the procedures identified in R.C. 2967.271(C) and (D) for rebutting the presumptive release date are constitutionally insufficient because the law, “as written, does not afford inmates a meaningful hearing, which is the fundamental element of due process required by the liberty interest the statute itself creates.” Id. at ¶ 31-39, 40. {¶11} More specifically, it found that the Reagan Tokes Law provisions did not provide the minimum due process requirements under Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471 , 92 S.Ct. 2593 , 33 L.Ed.2d 484 (1972) for parole revocation and Wolff v. McDonn | 2 | 2021–2021 |
Kellogg v. Shoemaker
green
2 sentences2009Thus, the trial court did not err in using Johnson's revocation of his community control on the attempted failure to comply conviction as the triggering event for Johnson's right to a Kellogg mitigation hearing. {¶ 27} Since we have determined that the proper triggering incident for Johnson's Kellogg hearing was his community control revocation on the attempted failure to comply conviction, which occurred on November 3, 2006, we must next determine whether Johnson's hearing was unreasonably delayed. {¶ 28} According to the Sixth Circuit's opinion with respect to this mitigation hearing, Johnso 2003"To the extent any plaintiff falls into this designated category, he is entitled under the old regulations to a meaningful hearing as described in Morrissey v. Brewer , 408 U.S. 471 , 92 S.Ct. 2593 , 33 L.Ed.2d 484 (1972)." Kellogg v. Shoemaker (1995), 46 F.3d 503 (on remand to the district court prior to the consent decree). {¶ 9} Morrissey requires procedural due process in parole revocation hearings. | 2 | 2003–2009 |
United States v. Paul Eugene Mason
green
2 sentences2002See United States v. Auen (C.A.2, 1988), 846 F.2d 872, 878 ; Renfroe, 825 F.2d at 767 ; United States v. Mason (C.A.4, 1995), 52 F.3d 1286, 1293 ; Wheat v. Thigpen (C.A.5, 1986), 793 F.2d 621, 630 ; Cremeans v. Chapleau (C.A.6, 1995), 62 F.3d 167, 169 ; United States ex rel. 2002See United States v. Auen (C.A.2, 1988), 846 F.2d 872, 878 ; Renfroe, 825 F.2d at 767 ; United States v. Mason (C.A.4, 1995), 52 F.3d 1286, 1293 ; Wheat v. Thigpen (C.A.5, 1986), 793 F.2d 621, 630 ; Cremeans v. Chapleau (C.A.6, 1995), 62 F.3d 167, 169 ; United States ex rel. | 2 | 2002–2002 |
Richard Harrison Cremeans v. Walt Chapleau, Warden, and Commonwealth of Kentucky
green
2 sentences2002See United States v. Auen (C.A.2, 1988), 846 F.2d 872, 878 ; Renfroe, 825 F.2d at 767 ; United States v. Mason (C.A.4, 1995), 52 F.3d 1286, 1293 ; Wheat v. Thigpen (C.A.5, 1986), 793 F.2d 621, 630 ; Cremeans v. Chapleau (C.A.6, 1995), 62 F.3d 167, 169 ; United States ex rel. 2002See United States v. Auen (C.A.2, 1988), 846 F.2d 872, 878 ; Renfroe, 825 F.2d at 767 ; United States v. Mason (C.A.4, 1995), 52 F.3d 1286, 1293 ; Wheat v. Thigpen (C.A.5, 1986), 793 F.2d 621, 630 ; Cremeans v. Chapleau (C.A.6, 1995), 62 F.3d 167, 169 ; United States ex rel. | 2 | 2002–2002 |
United States v. Renfroe, Adam O., Jr.
green
2 sentences2002See United States v. Auen (C.A.2, 1988), 846 F.2d 872, 878 ; Renfroe, 825 F.2d at 767 ; United States v. Mason (C.A.4, 1995), 52 F.3d 1286, 1293 ; Wheat v. Thigpen (C.A.5, 1986), 793 F.2d 621, 630 ; Cremeans v. Chapleau (C.A.6, 1995), 62 F.3d 167, 169 ; United States ex rel. 2002See United States v. Auen (C.A.2, 1988), 846 F.2d 872, 878 ; Renfroe, 825 F.2d at 767 ; United States v. Mason (C.A.4, 1995), 52 F.3d 1286, 1293 ; Wheat v. Thigpen (C.A.5, 1986), 793 F.2d 621, 630 ; Cremeans v. Chapleau (C.A.6, 1995), 62 F.3d 167, 169 ; United States ex rel. | 2 | 2002–2002 |
Kenneth W. Wheat, Cross-Appellant v. Morris Thigpen, Commissioner, Mississippi Department of Corrections, Cross-Appellees
green
2 sentences2002See United States v. Auen (C.A.2, 1988), 846 F.2d 872, 878 ; Renfroe, 825 F.2d at 767 ; United States v. Mason (C.A.4, 1995), 52 F.3d 1286, 1293 ; Wheat v. Thigpen (C.A.5, 1986), 793 F.2d 621, 630 ; Cremeans v. Chapleau (C.A.6, 1995), 62 F.3d 167, 169 ; United States ex rel. 2002See United States v. Auen (C.A.2, 1988), 846 F.2d 872, 878 ; Renfroe, 825 F.2d at 767 ; United States v. Mason (C.A.4, 1995), 52 F.3d 1286, 1293 ; Wheat v. Thigpen (C.A.5, 1986), 793 F.2d 621, 630 ; Cremeans v. Chapleau (C.A.6, 1995), 62 F.3d 167, 169 ; United States ex rel. | 2 | 2002–2002 |
State v. Gillard
green
2 sentences2001We conclude that the trial court, in compliance with Gillard, supra, conducted a meaningful inquiry into the existence of a conflict of interest arising from dual representation of Appellants. 2001We conclude that the trial court, in compliance with Gillard, supra, conducted a meaningful inquiry into the existence of a conflict of interest arising from dual representation of Appellants. | 2 | 2001–2001 |
State v. Mohamed (Slip Opinion)
green
1 sentence2024State v. Mohamed, 151 Ohio St.3d 320 , 2017-Ohio-7468 , 88 N.E.3d 935 , ¶ 26, citing State v. Barnes, 94 Ohio St.3d 21, 27 , 759 N.E.2d 1240 (2002). {¶12} Leonard argues that the incorrect date listed in the indictment and the bill of particulars prejudiced his ability to present a meaningful defense at trial. | 1 | 2024–2024 |
State v. Bethel (Slip Opinion)
green
1 sentence2024R. 33(A)(6), (B) & State v. Bethel, 167 Ohio St. 3d 362 ¶41 was bar by res judicata, when the Appellant made a prima facie showing the State failed to disclose Det. [B.C.]/[C.R.] where in under investigation at the time of his trial for falsifying documents, tampering with evidence & theft in office , which affected the Appellant’s substantial rights and a meaningful defense, in violation of Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 ? | 1 | 2024–2024 |
State v. Barnes
green
2 sentences2024State v. Mohamed, 151 Ohio St.3d 320 , 2017-Ohio-7468 , 88 N.E.3d 935 , ¶ 26, citing State v. Barnes, 94 Ohio St.3d 21, 27 , 759 N.E.2d 1240 (2002). {¶12} Leonard argues that the incorrect date listed in the indictment and the bill of particulars prejudiced his ability to present a meaningful defense at trial. 2024State v. Mohamed, 151 Ohio St.3d 320 , 2017-Ohio-7468 , 88 N.E.3d 935 , ¶ 26, citing State v. Barnes, 94 Ohio St.3d 21, 27 , 759 N.E.2d 1240 (2002). {¶12} Leonard argues that the incorrect date listed in the indictment and the bill of particulars prejudiced his ability to present a meaningful defense at trial. | 1 | 2024–2024 |
State v. Delvallie
green
2 sentences2023The question of whether the Reagan Tokes Law is constitutional was decided in this court’s en banc opinion in Delvallie, 2022-Ohio-470 , 185 N.E.3d 536 (8th Dist.). 5 In this case, Grays’s due process argument asserts that R.C. 2967.271 “lacks legislative provisions for a meaningful hearing to prevent depravation of [his liberty] interest without due process of law.” We note, however, that Grays further contends that the ODRC’s internal policies “are not law” and “do not provide notice and fair warning to the ordinary citizen of what behavior might violate the statute/law.” Thus, appellant con 2023The question of whether the Reagan Tokes Law is constitutional was decided in this court’s en banc opinion in Delvallie, 2022-Ohio-470 , 185 N.E.3d 536 (8th Dist.). 5 In this case, Grays’s due process argument asserts that R.C. 2967.271 “lacks legislative provisions for a meaningful hearing to prevent depravation of [his liberty] interest without due process of law.” We note, however, that Grays further contends that the ODRC’s internal policies “are not law” and “do not provide notice and fair warning to the ordinary citizen of what behavior might violate the statute/law.” Thus, appellant con | 1 | 2023–2023 |
Cleveland Clinic Found. v. Cleveland Bd. of Zoning Appeals (Slip Opinion)
green
2 sentences2021But with respect to a trial court’s failure to explain its rationale or failure to identify supporting evidence in its decision, the Supreme Court of Ohio has held: “[w]hile these may or may not be flaws in the trial court’s opinion, they are not fatal.” Cleveland Clinic, 141 Ohio St.3d 318 , 2014-Ohio-4809 , 23 N.E.3d 1161, at ¶ 28 . 2021But with respect to a trial court’s failure to explain its rationale or failure to identify supporting evidence in its decision, the Supreme Court of Ohio has held: “[w]hile these may or may not be flaws in the trial court’s opinion, they are not fatal.” Cleveland Clinic, 141 Ohio St.3d 318 , 2014-Ohio-4809 , 23 N.E.3d 1161, at ¶ 28 . | 1 | 2021–2021 |
State v. Johnson
green
2 sentences2019Although appellant argues that the trial court had a duty to inquire into his claim of dissatisfaction with his court-appointed counsel, he fails to acknowledge that the Supreme Court of Ohio has held that the duty to make such inquiry is a “limited judicial duty” that “‘arises only if the allegations are sufficiently specific; vague or general objections do not trigger the duty to investigate further.’” State v. Johnson, 112 Ohio St.3d 210 , 2006-Ohio-6404 , 858 N.E.2d 1144, ¶ 68 , quoting State v. Carter, 128 Ohio App.3d 419, 423 , 715 N.E.2d 223 (4th Dist.1998). 2019Although appellant argues that the trial court had a duty to inquire into his claim of dissatisfaction with his court-appointed counsel, he fails to acknowledge that the Supreme Court of Ohio has held that the duty to make such inquiry is a “limited judicial duty” that “‘arises only if the allegations are sufficiently specific; vague or general objections do not trigger the duty to investigate further.’” State v. Johnson, 112 Ohio St.3d 210 , 2006-Ohio-6404 , 858 N.E.2d 1144, ¶ 68 , quoting State v. Carter, 128 Ohio App.3d 419, 423 , 715 N.E.2d 223 (4th Dist.1998). | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| State v. Haas, Unpublished Decision (8-19-2005) neutral | 1 | 2019–2019 |
State v. Hilbert
green
1 sentence2019Ashland No. 03-COA-057, 2004-Ohio-2260, ¶26 (The trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion solely on the nature of the offense and failing to make other statutory findings.); Hilbert, supra (The court denied the motion without offering any findings or reasons and simply adopted the state’s objection which was based solely on the nature of the offense.); State v. Berry, 135 Ohio App.3d 250 (2d Dist.1999) (The trial court abused its discretion where it summarily denied the application without a hearing because it was a “sex offense” crime.) {¶21} Although appellant’s statement of t | 1 | 2019–2019 |
State v. Berry
green
1 sentence2019Ashland No. 03-COA-057, 2004-Ohio-2260, ¶26 (The trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion solely on the nature of the offense and failing to make other statutory findings.); Hilbert, supra (The court denied the motion without offering any findings or reasons and simply adopted the state’s objection which was based solely on the nature of the offense.); State v. Berry, 135 Ohio App.3d 250 (2d Dist.1999) (The trial court abused its discretion where it summarily denied the application without a hearing because it was a “sex offense” crime.) {¶21} Although appellant’s statement of t | 1 | 2019–2019 |
State v. Carter
green
2 sentences2019Although appellant argues that the trial court had a duty to inquire into his claim of dissatisfaction with his court-appointed counsel, he fails to acknowledge that the Supreme Court of Ohio has held that the duty to make such inquiry is a “limited judicial duty” that “‘arises only if the allegations are sufficiently specific; vague or general objections do not trigger the duty to investigate further.’” State v. Johnson, 112 Ohio St.3d 210 , 2006-Ohio-6404 , 858 N.E.2d 1144, ¶ 68 , quoting State v. Carter, 128 Ohio App.3d 419, 423 , 715 N.E.2d 223 (4th Dist.1998). 2019Although appellant argues that the trial court had a duty to inquire into his claim of dissatisfaction with his court-appointed counsel, he fails to acknowledge that the Supreme Court of Ohio has held that the duty to make such inquiry is a “limited judicial duty” that “‘arises only if the allegations are sufficiently specific; vague or general objections do not trigger the duty to investigate further.’” State v. Johnson, 112 Ohio St.3d 210 , 2006-Ohio-6404 , 858 N.E.2d 1144, ¶ 68 , quoting State v. Carter, 128 Ohio App.3d 419, 423 , 715 N.E.2d 223 (4th Dist.1998). | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| State v. Tymcio green | 1 | 2017–2017 |
| City of Garfield Heights v. Brewer green | 1 | 2017–2017 |
| State v. Kleve green | 1 | 2017–2017 |
| State v. Gibson green | 1 | 2016–2016 |
| State v. Kalish red | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| State v. Jarrett, 90404 (9-25-2008) green | 1 | 2011–2011 |
| State v. Marbury green | 1 | 2011–2011 |
| Blakely v. Washington green | 1 | 2008–2008 |
| United States v. Scheffer green | 1 | 2008–2008 |
| State v. Adams green | 1 | 2008–2008 |
| State v. Foster green | 1 | 2008–2008 |
| State ex rel. Nicholls v. Industrial Commission green | 1 | 2006–2006 |
| University Hospital v. State Employment Relations Board green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Parratt v. Taylor red | 1 | 2001–2001 |
| State v. Sellards green | 1 | 1996–1996 |
| Wessel v. Pryor green | 1 | 1980–1980 |
| O'Connor v. Donaldson green | 1 | 1980–1980 |
| In Re Martin, Jr. green | 1 | 1980–1980 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.