close hearing (California) · Go Syfert
← California issues

close hearing in California

53 California opinions name it 2 courts 1892–2026 11 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (36)

CaseFollowedCited
United States v. Leonard A. Pelullogreen
ca3 · 1992 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016Similarly, the prosecutor at the close of defense summation should have objected to the defense counsel’s improper statements with a request that the court give a timely warning and curative instruction to the jury.” (Ibid., citation omitted; accord, United States v. Pelullo (3d Cir. 1992) 964 F.2d 193, 218 .) 26 counsel, we view the prosecutor’s comments in relation to the remarks of defense counsel, and inquire whether the former constitutes a fair response to the latter.’” (People v. Pearson (2013) 56 Cal.4th 393, 431-432 ; accord, Seumanu, at p. 1337.) Plainly, the prosecutor believed, as

2016Similarly, the prosecutor at the close of defense summation should have objected to the defense counsel’s improper statements with a request that the court give a timely warning and curative instruction to the jury.” (Ibid., citation omitted; accord, United States v. Pelullo (3d Cir. 1992) 964 F.2d 193, 218 .) 26 counsel, we view the prosecutor’s comments in relation to the remarks of defense counsel, and inquire whether the former constitutes a fair response to the latter.’” (People v. Pearson (2013) 56 Cal.4th 393, 431-432 ; accord, Seumanu, at p. 1337.) Plainly, the prosecutor believed, as

22
People v. Pearsongreen
cal · 2013 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016Similarly, the prosecutor at the close of defense summation should have objected to the defense counsel’s improper statements with a request that the court give a timely warning and curative instruction to the jury.” (Ibid., citation omitted; accord, United States v. Pelullo (3d Cir. 1992) 964 F.2d 193, 218 .) 26 counsel, we view the prosecutor’s comments in relation to the remarks of defense counsel, and inquire whether the former constitutes a fair response to the latter.’” (People v. Pearson (2013) 56 Cal.4th 393, 431-432 ; accord, Seumanu, at p. 1337.) Plainly, the prosecutor believed, as

2016Similarly, the prosecutor at the close of defense summation should have objected to the defense counsel’s improper statements with a request that the court give a timely warning and curative instruction to the jury.” (Ibid., citation omitted; accord, United States v. Pelullo (3d Cir. 1992) 964 F.2d 193, 218 .) 26 counsel, we view the prosecutor’s comments in relation to the remarks of defense counsel, and inquire whether the former constitutes a fair response to the latter.’” (People v. Pearson (2013) 56 Cal.4th 393, 431-432 ; accord, Seumanu, at p. 1337.) Plainly, the prosecutor believed, as

22
People v. Buckhaltergreen
cal · 2001 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
2 sentences

2026(People v. Buckhalter (2001) 26 Cal.4th 20, 41 .) 5 DISPOSITION The trial court’s resentencing ruling is reversed and the matter is remanded for resentencing.

2026(People v. Buckhalter (2001) 26 Cal.4th 20, 41.) 5 DISPOSITION The trial court’s resentencing ruling is reversed and the matter is remanded for resentencing.

11
People v. Boycegreen
cal · 2014 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025(See People v. Boyce (2014) 59 Cal.4th 672, 731 [applying forfeiture when court pronounced sentence and “adjourned after asking counsel if there was anything else to discuss”].) Jones’s appellate briefing, as best we can construe, challenges the court’s refusal to dismiss his firearm and great bodily injury enhancements in three ways.

11
City of San Jose v. Garbettgreen
calctapp · 2010 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022We have summarized their testimony in section 1 above consistent with our standard of review.4 At the close of the hearing, the trial court heard brief argument and issued a restraining order 4 “On appeal, . . . we review an injunction issued under section 527.8 to determine whether the necessary factual findings are supported by substantial evidence. [Citation.] Accordingly, we resolve all factual conflicts and questions of credibility in favor of the prevailing party, and draw all reasonable inferences in support of the trial court’s findings.” (City of San Jose v. Garbett (2010) 190 Cal.App

11
California Correctional Peace Officers Ass'n. v. State Personnel Boardgreen
cal · 1995 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022Thus, he urges us to conclude that any decision rendered beyond the 30-day period after the close of the hearing is necessarily invalid, and the trial court erred in concluding that “shall” as used in that subdivision is “directory” rather than “mandatory.” Although “the word ‘shall’ in a statute is ordinarily deemed mandatory” (California Correctional Peace Officers Assn. v. State Personnel Bd. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 1133, 1143 (California Correctional)), “a court may consider the consequences that would follow from a particular construction and will not readily imply an unreasonable legislative p

11
Kabran v. Sharp Memorial Hosp.green
cal · 2017 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022Thus, he urges us to conclude that any decision rendered beyond the 30-day period after the close of the hearing is necessarily invalid, and the trial court erred in concluding that “shall” as used in that subdivision is “directory” rather than “mandatory.” Although “the word ‘shall’ in a statute is ordinarily deemed mandatory” (California Correctional Peace Officers Assn. v. State Personnel Bd. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 1133, 1143 (California Correctional)), “a court may consider the consequences that would follow from a particular construction and will not readily imply an unreasonable legislative p

11
Porter v. Superior Courtgreen
cal · 2009 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021It may be made at the close of the prosecution’s case or at the close of the defense evidence, before the case is presented to a jury.” (Porter v. Superior Court (2009) 47 Cal. 4th 125, 132 (Porter), italics omitted.) The purpose of a motion for acquittal “is to weed out as soon as possible those few instances in which the prosecution fails to make even a prima facie case.” (People v. Stevens (2007) 41 Cal.4th 182, 200 .) “In ruling on an 1118.1 motion for judgment of acquittal, the court evaluates the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution.

2021If there is any substantial evidence, including all inferences reasonably drawn from the evidence, to support the 5 elements of the offense, the court must deny the motion. [Citations.] In considering this legal question, ‘a court does not “‘ask itself whether it believes that the evidence at the trial established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.’ [Citation.] Instead, the relevant question is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” [Citation.]’

11
People v. Millardgreen
calctapp · 2009 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020Yet, at no point did the court discuss whether there was a compelling or extraordinary reason that would justify imposition of a lesser restitution order. (§ 1202.4, subd. (f); see Millard, supra, 175 Cal.App.4th at pp. 42–43 & fn. 16 [whether the trial court may apportion fault using comparative fault principles is a distinct issue from whether there are compelling and extraordinary reasons to impose less than full restitution].) From this record, we believe the trial court did not understand it had the discretion to impose an amount of restitution short of the full amount if it found a compe

11
In Re the Marriage of Gavrongreen
calctapp · 1988 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017She told the court that by signing the I–864 affidavit, Vikash “vow[ed] to support [Ashlyne] for 10 years or 40 4 See In re Marriage of Gavron (1988) 203 Cal.App.3d 705, 712 (Gavron); In re Marriage of Schmir (2005) 134 Cal.App.4th 43, 55 [“[A] ‘Gavron warning’ is a fair warning to the supported spouse he or she is expected to become self-supporting.”].) 3 quarters” and “swore under oath to support her.” Vikash’s counsel took the position “[t]he affidavit of support is irrelevant in this court.” At the close of the hearing, the trial court ordered temporary spousal support of $675 per month as

11
Schmir v. Schmirgreen
calctapp · 2005 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017She told the court that by signing the I–864 affidavit, Vikash “vow[ed] to support [Ashlyne] for 10 years or 40 4 See In re Marriage of Gavron (1988) 203 Cal.App.3d 705, 712 (Gavron); In re Marriage of Schmir (2005) 134 Cal.App.4th 43, 55 [“[A] ‘Gavron warning’ is a fair warning to the supported spouse he or she is expected to become self-supporting.”].) 3 quarters” and “swore under oath to support her.” Vikash’s counsel took the position “[t]he affidavit of support is irrelevant in this court.” At the close of the hearing, the trial court ordered temporary spousal support of $675 per month as

11
In re Younggreen
calctapp · 2012 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
In Re Sassouniangreen
cal · 1995 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
People v. Duvallgreen
cal · 1995 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
People v. Mendozared
cal · 2000 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
People v. Lagunasgreen
cal · 1994 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Hudson v. Louisianagreen
scotus · 1981 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
In Re Clarkred
cal · 1993 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
People v. Harrisgreen
cal · 2008 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Biljac Associates v. First Interstate Bank of Oregongreen
calctapp · 1990 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
California Teachers Ass'n v. Governing Board of Rialto Unified School Districtgreen
cal · 1997 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
11
People v. Pacinigreen
calctapp · 1981 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
O'BRIEN v. Csehgreen
calctapp · 1983 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
11
Bishop v. City of San Josegreen
cal · 1969 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1978–1978
11
Weekes v. City of Oaklandgreen
cal · 1978 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1978–1978
11
Sawday v. Vista Irrigation Districtgreen
cal · 1966 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1975–1975
11
People v. Rosotogreen
cal · 1962 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1963–1963
11
Waymire v. California Trona Co.green
cal · 1917 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1962–1962
11
Parker v. Parkergreen
calctapp · 1951 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1962–1962
11
Griffith Co. v. San Diego College for Womengreen
cal · 1955 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1962–1962
11
People v. Tannehillgreen
calctapp · 1961 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1962–1962
11
Estate of MacHadogreen
cal · 1921 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1962–1962
11
Butterworth v. Boydgreen
cal · 1938 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1961–1961
11
Brewer v. Feigenbaumgreen
calctapp · 1941 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1961–1961
11
Dolton v. Greengreen
calctapp · 1945 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1958–1958
11
People v. Adamsgreen
calctapp · 1926 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1946–1946
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (44)

CaseCitedYears
People v. Aranda green
cal · 2012
2 sentences

2024(Aranda, supra, 55 Cal.4th at p. 374 .) For all the same reasons already discussed, the jury was instructed orally and in writing on the definition of reasonable doubt during trial.

2021(Aranda, supra, 55 Cal.4th at p. 374 .) For all the same reasons already discussed, the jury was instructed orally and in writing on the definition of reasonable doubt during trial.

22021–2024
Marvin v. Marvin green
cal · 1976
1 sentence

2025The probate court endorsed the idea and directed the 6 In referring to a “Marvin claim,” the probate court was referencing Marvin v. Marvin (1976) 18 Cal.3d 660 (Marvin) and subsequent case law, which established that, in certain circumstances, a person may successfully pursue a lawsuit to obtain an interest in property acquired during nonmarital cohabitation.

12025–2025
People v. Scott green
cal · 1994
1 sentence

2025(Id. at p. 755, quoting People v. Scott (1994) 9 Cal.4th 331, 356 .) Here, the trial court provided such an opportunity by stating its ruling and then asking the parties if they had anything further before the close of the hearing.

12025–2025
Santa Clara County Department of Family & Children's Services v. R.S. green
calctapp · 2011
1 sentence

2024(In re J.S., supra, 196 Cal.App.4th at p. 1081 .) Additionally, at the close of that hearing, the court made comments indicating it understood what it was doing and would not have come to a different decision had it made express findings.

12024–2024
People v. Canizales green
cal · 2019
2 sentences

2024Counsel cited Canizales, supra, 7 Cal.5th 591 , and argued that this precedent “narrow[ed] the focus” of the kill-zone analysis.

2024Counsel cited Canizales, supra, 7 Cal.5th 591 , and argued that this precedent “narrow[ed] the focus” of the kill-zone analysis.

12024–2024
People v. McGee green
cal · 1977
1 sentence

2022Thus, he urges us to conclude that any decision rendered beyond the 30-day period after the close of the hearing is necessarily invalid, and the trial court erred in concluding that “shall” as used in that subdivision is “directory” rather than “mandatory.” Although “the word ‘shall’ in a statute is ordinarily deemed mandatory” (California Correctional Peace Officers Assn. v. State Personnel Bd. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 1133, 1143 (California Correctional)), “a court may consider the consequences that would follow from a particular construction and will not readily imply an unreasonable legislative p

12022–2022
People v. Allen green
cal · 2007
1 sentence

2022Thus, he urges us to conclude that any decision rendered beyond the 30-day period after the close of the hearing is necessarily invalid, and the trial court erred in concluding that “shall” as used in that subdivision is “directory” rather than “mandatory.” Although “the word ‘shall’ in a statute is ordinarily deemed mandatory” (California Correctional Peace Officers Assn. v. State Personnel Bd. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 1133, 1143 (California Correctional)), “a court may consider the consequences that would follow from a particular construction and will not readily imply an unreasonable legislative p

12022–2022
In Re Resendiz red
cal · 2001
1 sentence

2021You have done nothing at the threshold that tells me that we’re even in the universe of section 1473.7.” At the close of the hearing on the motion, the court told Lopez it denied relief “because you were not a defendant who was not meaningfully advised of the immigration consequences of your plea or anything else that you were doing. [¶] The only facts in the record that I can see that relate to a plea which you chose not to take are your former lawyer saying he advised you about the immigration consequences of stalking and at the time [the immigration consequences] were the same, felony or mi

12021–2021
In Re Alvernaz green
cal · 1992
1 sentence

2021You have done nothing at the threshold that tells me that we’re even in the universe of section 1473.7.” At the close of the hearing on the motion, the court told Lopez it denied relief “because you were not a defendant who was not meaningfully advised of the immigration consequences of your plea or anything else that you were doing. [¶] The only facts in the record that I can see that relate to a plea which you chose not to take are your former lawyer saying he advised you about the immigration consequences of stalking and at the time [the immigration consequences] were the same, felony or mi

12021–2021
People v. Stevens green
cal · 2007
1 sentence

2021It may be made at the close of the prosecution’s case or at the close of the defense evidence, before the case is presented to a jury.” (Porter v. Superior Court (2009) 47 Cal. 4th 125, 132 (Porter), italics omitted.) The purpose of a motion for acquittal “is to weed out as soon as possible those few instances in which the prosecution fails to make even a prima facie case.” (People v. Stevens (2007) 41 Cal.4th 182, 200 .) “In ruling on an 1118.1 motion for judgment of acquittal, the court evaluates the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution.

12021–2021
People v. Marsden green
cal · 1970
1 sentence

2020The matter was then again taken off calendar to provide O’Hearn time to determine whether he wanted to file a motion to withdraw his plea in propria persona “or find new counsel 6 People v. Marsden (1970) 2 Cal.3d 118 . 6 who can take a look at that transcript and disagree with Casper.” On May 20, attorney Michael Coffino agreed to represent O’Hearn in filing a motion to withdraw his plea.

12020–2020
Miller-El v. Dretke green
scotus · 2005
2 sentences

2017However, its conclusion that at least two panelists were dismissed because of manifest racial prejudice was not based solely on statistics but also on a close analysis of the voir dire responses of dismissed panelists and seated jurors, the use of racially discriminatory practices such as "shuffling" the jury panels, disparities in the prosecutor's questioning of African-American panelists, and a systemic policy of the district attorney's office to exclude African-Americans from juries. ( Id . at pp. 241-264, 125 S.Ct. 2317 .) While statistical facts may retain some relevance at Batson 's thir

2017However, its conclusion that at least two panelists were dismissed because of manifest racial prejudice was not based solely on statistics but also on a close analysis of the voir dire responses of dismissed panelists and seated jurors, the use of racially discriminatory practices such as "shuffling" the jury panels, disparities in the prosecutor's questioning of African-American panelists, and a systemic policy of the district attorney's office to exclude African-Americans from juries. ( Id . at pp. 241-264, 125 S.Ct. 2317 .) While statistical facts may retain some relevance at Batson 's thir

12017–2017
People v. Wheeler green
cal · 1978
2 sentences

2017Defendant complains that his jury consisted of eight Caucasians, two Asians and two Latinos, whereas, "if race were not an issue ... one would have expected five white jurors, three Asian jurors, two Latinos, [and] two blacks ." However, we have long held that "no litigant has the right to a jury that mirrors the demographic composition of the population, or necessarily includes members of his own group, or indeed is composed of any particular individuals." ( Wheeler , supra , 22 Cal.3d at p. 277 , 148 Cal.Rptr. 890 , 583 P.2d 748 .) Nor does the Sixth Amendment demand such a precise correlati

2017Defendant complains that his jury consisted of eight Caucasians, two Asians and two Latinos, whereas, "if race were not an issue ... one would have expected five white jurors, three Asian jurors, two Latinos, [and] two blacks ." However, we have long held that "no litigant has the right to a jury that mirrors the demographic composition of the population, or necessarily includes members of his own group, or indeed is composed of any particular individuals." ( Wheeler , supra , 22 Cal.3d at p. 277 , 148 Cal.Rptr. 890 , 583 P.2d 748 .) Nor does the Sixth Amendment demand such a precise correlati

12017–2017
People v. Superior Court green
cal · 2002
1 sentence

2016(See Jimenez, supra, 28 Cal.4th at p. 807 .) As we explained in Jimenez, attempts by the People ― ‗to direct a case away from a particular court . . . can only be described as the very forum shopping the Legislature recognized as a problem and attempted to remedy by inserting a prohibition against the evil within [Penal Code] section 1538.5, subdivision (p).‘ ‖ (Id. at p. 808.) The same judge rule also serves a related institutional purpose: It ensures that prosecutors will have to make their renewed case before a judge already familiar with the relevant facts and, more importantly, the bases

12016–2016
People v. Pride green
cal · 1992
1 sentence

2015Trial counsel filed a motion in limine prior to trial and sought to have the letters admitted during trial and at the close of the defense case. “[A] trial court has broad discretion to exclude evidence it deems irrelevant, cumulative, or unduly prejudicial or time-consuming.” (People v. Pride (1992) 3 Cal. 4th 195, 235 , citing Evid.

12015–2015
People v. Allen green
cal · 2008
1 sentence

2014(People v. Hayes (1991) 229 Cal.App.3d 1226, 1231 .) However, “ ‘the right to testify in one’s own behalf is of such fundamental importance that a defendant who timely demands to take the stand contrary to the advice given by his counsel has the right to give an exposition of his defense before a jury.’ ” (People v. Allen (2008) 44 Cal.4th 843, 860 ; People v. Nakahara (2003) 30 Cal.4th 705, 717 .) At the close of the defense case, counsel stated the following on the record: “During the preparation and the pendency of this case, I advised my client of all of his rights, the rights he has, one

12014–2014
People v. Nakahara green
cal · 2003
12014–2014
Fitz v. NCR Corp. green
calctapp · 2004
2 sentences

2014In doing so, it focused on the fact that the arbitration agreement stated it would be governed by AAA (American Arbitration Association) rules but failed to attach those rules, citing two cases that declined to enforce arbitration agreements under similar circumstances; Zullo v. Superior Court (2011) 197 Cal.App.4th 477 [ 127 Cal.Rptr.3d 461 ] and Fitz v. NCR Corp. (2004) 118 Cal.App.4th 702 [ 13 Cal.Rptr.3d 88 ].

2014In doing so, it focused on the fact that the arbitration agreement stated it would be governed by AAA (American Arbitration Association) rules but failed to attach those rules, citing two cases that declined to enforce arbitration agreements under similar circumstances; Zullo v. Superior Court (2011) 197 Cal.App.4th 477 [ 127 Cal.Rptr.3d 461 ] and Fitz v. NCR Corp. (2004) 118 Cal.App.4th 702 [ 13 Cal.Rptr.3d 88 ].

12014–2014
Zullo v. Superior Court green
calctapp · 2011
2 sentences

2014In doing so, it focused on the fact that the arbitration agreement stated it would be governed by AAA (American Arbitration Association) rules but failed to attach those rules, citing two cases that declined to enforce arbitration agreements under similar circumstances; Zullo v. Superior Court (2011) 197 Cal.App.4th 477 [ 127 Cal.Rptr.3d 461 ] and Fitz v. NCR Corp. (2004) 118 Cal.App.4th 702 [ 13 Cal.Rptr.3d 88 ].

2014In doing so, it focused on the fact that the arbitration agreement stated it would be governed by AAA (American Arbitration Association) rules but failed to attach those rules, citing two cases that declined to enforce arbitration agreements under similar circumstances; Zullo v. Superior Court (2011) 197 Cal.App.4th 477 [ 127 Cal.Rptr.3d 461 ] and Fitz v. NCR Corp. (2004) 118 Cal.App.4th 702 [ 13 Cal.Rptr.3d 88 ].

12014–2014
People v. Hayes green
calctapp · 1991
1 sentence

2014(People v. Hayes (1991) 229 Cal.App.3d 1226, 1231 .) However, “ ‘the right to testify in one’s own behalf is of such fundamental importance that a defendant who timely demands to take the stand contrary to the advice given by his counsel has the right to give an exposition of his defense before a jury.’ ” (People v. Allen (2008) 44 Cal.4th 843, 860 ; People v. Nakahara (2003) 30 Cal.4th 705, 717 .) At the close of the defense case, counsel stated the following on the record: “During the preparation and the pendency of this case, I advised my client of all of his rights, the rights he has, one

12014–2014
Luo Yu Jie v. Liang Tai Knitwear Co. green
calctapp · 2001
12013–2013
City and County of San Francisco v. Givens green
calctapp · 2000
12013–2013
Farwell v. Sunset Mesa Property Owners Assn., Inc. green
calctapp · 2008
12013–2013
In Re Juarez green
calctapp · 2010
12013–2013
People v. Pokovich green
cal · 2006
12012–2012
Van Atta v. Scott green
cal · 1980
12010–2010
Brooks v. Tennessee green
scotus · 1972
12007–2007
Metallgesellschaft A.G. v. M/v Capitan Constante and Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales green
ca2 · 1986
12001–2001
Pacific Reinsurance Management Corp. v. Ohio Reinsurance Corp. green
ca9 · 1991
12001–2001
Budd v. Nixen red
cal · 1971
11995–1995
People v. Bracamonte green
calctapp · 1981
11994–1994
People v. Raner green
calctapp · 1948
11991–1991
Silkwood v. Kerr-McGee Corp. green
scotus · 1984
11984–1984
Thomas v. Driscoll green
calctapp · 1940
11981–1981
Shaw v. Randall neutral
cal · 1860
11981–1981
People v. Olivas green
cal · 1976
11978–1978
People v. Superior Court (Keithley) green
cal · 1975
11976–1976
Cooper v. Laupheimer green
paed · 1970
11976–1976
United States v. Milton James Roth green
ca7 · 1968
11972–1972
Pechtel v. Universal Underwriters Insurance green
calctapp · 1971
11971–1971

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CA § Cal. Penal Code § 187 (7) CA § Cal. Evidence Code § 452 (4) CA § Cal. Evidence Code § 353 (3) CA § Cal. Evidence Code § 502 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

IL 76 (1909–2026) NY 68 (1881–2026) CA 53 (1892–2026) TX 50 (1916–2025) PA 48 (1944–2026) OH 32 (1917–2025) LA 31 (1950–2025) FL 26 (1939–2017) IN 24 (1871–2020) CT 17 (1944–2016) NJ 17 (1925–2026) MN 17 (1973–2016) MD 15 (1981–2025) AZ 15 (1936–2018) HI 13 (1959–2025) AL 13 (1907–2025) MO 13 (1913–2017) MS 11 (1919–2009) NM 11 (1967–2024) MT 11 (1934–2024) KS 11 (1932–2025) WI 11 (1906–2023) UT 10 (1990–2026) CO 10 (1938–2025) ID 9 (1976–2023) GA 9 (1976–2024) AR 9 (1978–2024) ME 9 (1969–2012) KY 9 (1919–2025) DC 8 (1969–2025) MA 8 (1933–2017) WV 8 (1981–2018) MI 8 (1973–2021) OR 7 (1916–2019) NE 7 (1923–2020) OK 7 (1967–2006) ND 7 (1965–2012) WA 7 (1948–2023) NC 6 (1981–2016) IA 6 (1934–2017) WY 5 (1986–2005) NH 4 (2015–2024) RI 4 (1992–2018) SD 4 (1978–1998) VA 3 (1930–2026) SC 3 (1973–2017) DE 2 (1986–2016) VT 2 (2014–2022) TN 2 (1993–2008) AK 2 (1990–2011)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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