8 U.S.C. § 1183a

Requirements for sponsor’s affidavit of support

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(a) Enforceability(1) Terms of affidavitNo affidavit of support may be accepted by the Attorney General or by any consular officer to establish that an alien is not excludable as a public charge under section 1182(a)(4) of this title unless such affidavit is executed by a sponsor of the alien as a contract—(A) in which the sponsor agrees to provide support to maintain the sponsored alien at an annual income that is not less than 125 percent of the Federal poverty line during the period in which the affidavit is enforceable;(B) that is legally enforceable against the sponsor by the sponsored alien, the Federal Government, any State (or any political subdivision of such State), or by any other entity that provides any means-tested public benefit (as defined in subsection (e) 11 See References in Text note below.), consistent with the provisions of this section; and(C) in which the sponsor agrees to submit to the jurisdiction of any Federal or State court for the purpose of actions brought under subsection (b)(2).(2) Period of enforceability

An affidavit of support shall be enforceable with respect to benefits provided for an alien before the date the alien is naturalized as a citizen of the United States, or, if earlier, the termination date provided under paragraph (3).

(3) Termination of period of enforceability upon completion of required period of employment, etc.(A) In general

An affidavit of support is not enforceable after such time as the alien (i) has worked 40 qualifying quarters of coverage as defined under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] or can be credited with such qualifying quarters as provided under subparagraph (B), and (ii) in the case of any such qualifying quarter creditable for any period beginning after December 31, 1996, did not receive any Federal means-tested public benefit (as provided under section 1613 of this title) during any such period.

(B) Qualifying quartersFor purposes of this section, in determining the number of qualifying quarters of coverage under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] an alien shall be credited with—(i) all of the qualifying quarters of coverage as defined under title II of the Social Security Act worked by a parent of such alien while the alien was under age 18, and(ii) all of the qualifying quarters worked by a spouse of such alien during their marriage and the alien remains married to such spouse or such spouse is deceased.No such qualifying quarter of coverage that is creditable under title II of the Social Security Act for any period beginning after December 31, 1996, may be credited to an alien under clause (i) or (ii) if the parent or spouse (as the case may be) of such alien received any Federal means-tested public benefit (as provided under section 1613 of this title) during the period for which such qualifying quarter of coverage is so credited.(C) Provision of information to save system

The Attorney General shall ensure that appropriate information regarding the application of this paragraph is provided to the system for alien verification of eligibility (SAVE) described in section 1137(d)(3) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1320b–7(d)(3)].

(b) Reimbursement of government expenses(1) Request for reimbursement(A) Requirement

Upon notification that a sponsored alien has received any means-tested public benefit, the appropriate nongovernmental entity which provided such benefit or the appropriate entity of the Federal Government, a State, or any political subdivision of a State shall request reimbursement by the sponsor in an amount which is equal to the unreimbursed costs of such benefit.

(B) Regulations

The Attorney General, in consultation with the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies, shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out subparagraph (A).

(2) Actions to compel reimbursement(A) In case of nonresponse

If within 45 days after a request for reimbursement under paragraph (1)(A), the appropriate entity has not received a response from the sponsor indicating a willingness to commence payment an action may be brought against the sponsor pursuant to the affidavit of support.

(B) In case of failure to pay

If the sponsor fails to abide by the repayment terms established by the appropriate entity, the entity may bring an action against the sponsor pursuant to the affidavit of support.

No cause of action may be brought under this paragraph later than 10 years after the date on which the sponsored alien last received any means-tested public benefit to which the affidavit of support applies.

(3) Use of collection agencies

If the appropriate entity under paragraph (1)(A) requests reimbursement from the sponsor or brings an action against the sponsor pursuant to the affidavit of support, the appropriate entity may appoint or hire an individual or other person to act on behalf of such entity acting under the authority of law for purposes of collecting any amounts owed.

Remedies available to enforce an affidavit of support under this section include any or all of the remedies described in section 3201, 3203, 3204, or 3205 of title 28, as well as an order for specific performance and payment of legal fees and other costs of collection, and include corresponding remedies available under State law. A Federal agency may seek to collect amounts owed under this section in accordance with the provisions of subchapter II of chapter 37 of title 31.

(d) Notification of change of address(1) General requirement

The sponsor shall notify the Attorney General and the State in which the sponsored alien is currently a resident within 30 days of any change of address of the sponsor during the period in which an affidavit of support is enforceable.

(2) PenaltyAny person subject to the requirement of paragraph (1) who fails to satisfy such requirement shall, after notice and opportunity to be heard, be subject to a civil penalty of—(A) not less than $250 or more than $2,000, or(B) if such failure occurs with knowledge that the sponsored alien has received any means-tested public benefits (other than benefits described in section 1611(b), 1613(c)(2), or 1621(b) of this title) not less than $2,000 or more than $5,000.The Attorney General shall enforce this paragraph under appropriate regulations.(e) JurisdictionAn action to enforce an affidavit of support executed under subsection (a) may be brought against the sponsor in any appropriate court—(1) by a sponsored alien, with respect to financial support; or(2) by the appropriate entity of the Federal Government, a State or any political subdivision of a State, or by any other nongovernmental entity under subsection (b)(2), with respect to reimbursement.(f) “Sponsor” defined(1) In generalFor purposes of this section the term “sponsor” in relation to a sponsored alien means an individual who executes an affidavit of support with respect to the sponsored alien and who—(A) is a citizen or national of the United States or an alien who is lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence;(B) is at least 18 years of age;(C) is domiciled in any of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, or any territory or possession of the United States;(D) is petitioning for the admission of the alien under section 1154 of this title; and(E) demonstrates (as provided in paragraph (6)) the means to maintain an annual income equal to at least 125 percent of the Federal poverty line.(2) Income requirement case

Such term also includes an individual who does not meet the requirement of paragraph (1)(E) but accepts joint and several liability together with an individual under paragraph (5)(A).

(3) Active duty armed services case

Such term also includes an individual who does not meet the requirement of paragraph (1)(E) but is on active duty (other than active duty for training) in the Armed Forces of the United States, is petitioning for the admission of the alien under section 1154 of this title as the spouse or child of the individual, and demonstrates (as provided in paragraph (6)) the means to maintain an annual income equal to at least 100 percent of the Federal poverty line.

(4) Certain employment-based immigrants caseSuch term also includes an individual—(A) who does not meet the requirement of paragraph (1)(D), but is the relative of the sponsored alien who filed a classification petition for the sponsored alien as an employment-based immigrant under section 1153(b) of this title or who has a significant ownership interest in the entity that filed such a petition; and(B)(i) who demonstrates (as provided under paragraph (6)) the means to maintain an annual income equal to at least 125 percent of the Federal poverty line, or(ii) does not meet the requirement of paragraph (1)(E) but accepts joint and several liability together with an individual under paragraph (5)(A).(5) Non-petitioning casesSuch term also includes an individual who does not meet the requirement of paragraph (1)(D) but who—(A) accepts joint and several liability with a petitioning sponsor under paragraph (2) or relative of an employment-based immigrant under paragraph (4) and who demonstrates (as provided under paragraph (6)) the means to maintain an annual income equal to at least 125 percent of the Federal poverty line; or(B) is a spouse, parent, mother-in-law, father-in-law, sibling, child (if at least 18 years of age), son, daughter, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, sister-in-law, brother-in-law, grandparent, or grandchild of a sponsored alien or a legal guardian of a sponsored alien, meets the requirements of paragraph (1) (other than subparagraph (D)), and executes an affidavit of support with respect to such alien in a case in which—(i) the individual petitioning under section 1154 of this title for the classification of such alien died after the approval of such petition, and the Secretary of Homeland Security has determined for humanitarian reasons that revocation of such petition under section 1155 of this title would be inappropriate; or(ii) the alien’s petition is being adjudicated pursuant to section 1154(l) of this title (surviving relative consideration).(6) Demonstration of means to maintain income(A) In general(i) Method of demonstration

For purposes of this section, a demonstration of the means to maintain income shall include provision of a certified copy of the individual’s Federal income tax return for the individual’s 3 most recent taxable years and a written statement, executed under oath or as permitted under penalty of perjury under section 1746 of title 28, that the copies are certified copies of such returns.

(ii) Flexibility

For purposes of this section, aliens may demonstrate the means to maintain income through demonstration of significant assets of the sponsored alien or of the sponsor, if such assets are available for the support of the sponsored alien.

(iii) Percent of poverty

For purposes of this section, a reference to an annual income equal to at least a particular percentage of the Federal poverty line means an annual income equal to at least such percentage of the Federal poverty line for a family unit of a size equal to the number of members of the sponsor’s household (including family and non-family dependents) plus the total number of other dependents and aliens sponsored by that sponsor.

(B) Limitation

The Secretary of State, or the Attorney General in the case of adjustment of status, may provide that the demonstration under subparagraph (A) applies only to the most recent taxable year.

(h) 22 So in original. Section enacted without a subsec. (g). “Federal poverty line” defined

For purposes of this section, the term “Federal poverty line” means the level of income equal to the official poverty line (as defined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, as revised annually by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in accordance with section 9902(2) of title 42) that is applicable to a family of the size involved.

(i) Sponsor’s social security account number required to be provided(1) An affidavit of support shall include the social security account number of each sponsor.(2) The Attorney General shall develop an automated system to maintain the social security account number data provided under paragraph (1).(3) The Attorney General shall submit an annual report to the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Senate setting forth—(A) for the most recent fiscal year for which data are available the number of sponsors under this section and the number of sponsors in compliance with the financial obligations of this section; and(B) a comparison of such numbers with the numbers of such sponsors for the preceding fiscal year.(June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title II, ch. 2, § 213A, as added Pub. L. 104–193, title IV, § 423(a), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2271; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title V, § 551(a), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–675; Pub. L. 107–150, § 2(a)(1), (3), Mar. 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 74, 75; Pub. L. 111–83, title V, § 568(e), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2187.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

Subsection (e), referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(B), does not define “means-tested public benefit”.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(A), (B), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title II of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 401 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2009—Subsec. (f)(5)(B)(i), (ii). Pub. L. 111–83, added cls. (i) and (ii) and struck out former cls. (i) and (ii), which read as follows:

“(i) the individual petitioning under section 1154 of this title for the classification of such alien died after the approval of such petition; and

“(ii) the Attorney General has determined for humanitarian reasons that revocation of such petition under section 1155 of this title would be inappropriate.”

2002—Subsec. (f)(2), (4)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 107–150, § 2(a)(3), substituted “paragraph (5)(A)” for “paragraph (5)”.

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 107–150, § 2(a)(1), amended heading and text of par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Such term also includes an individual who does not meet the requirement of paragraph (1)(D) but who accepts joint and several liability with a petitioning sponsor under paragraph (2) or relative of an employment-based immigrant under paragraph (4) and who demonstrates (as provided under paragraph (6)) the means to maintain an annual income equal to at least 125 percent of the Federal poverty line.”

1996—Pub. L. 104–208 amended section generally, substituting subsecs. (a) to (i) for former subsecs. (a) to (f) relating to requirements for sponsor’s affidavits of support.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–150 applicable with respect to deaths occurring before, on, or after Mar. 13, 2002, except that, in case of death occurring before such date, such amendments shall apply only if (1) the sponsored alien requests Attorney General to reinstate the classification petition that was filed with respect to the alien by deceased and approved under section 1154 of this title before such death and demonstrates that he or she is able to satisfy requirement of section 1182(a)(4)(C)(ii) of this title by reason of such amendments; and (2) Attorney General reinstates such petition after making the determination described in subsec. (f)(5)(B)(ii) of this section, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 107–150, set out as a note under section 1182 of this title.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendments; Promulgation of Form

Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title V, § 551(c), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–679, provided that:“(1)In general.—The amendments made by this section [enacting this section, amending sections 1631 and 1632 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under this section] shall apply to affidavits of support executed on or after a date specified by the Attorney General, which date shall be not earlier than 60 days (and not later than 90 days) after the date the Attorney General formulates the form for such affidavits under paragraph (2).“(2)Promulgation of form.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1996], the Attorney General, in consultation with the heads of other appropriate agencies, shall promulgate a standard form for an affidavit of support consistent with the provisions of section 213A of the Immigration and Nationality Act [this section], as amended by subsection (a).”

Pub. L. 104–193, title IV, § 423(c), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2273, provided that subsec. (a) of this section was applicable to affidavits of support executed on or after a date specified by Attorney General, which date was to be not earlier than 60 days (and not later than 90 days) after date Attorney General formulated form for such affidavits under subsec. (b) of this section, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title V, § 551(b)(2), Sept. 30, 1996, 104 Stat. 3009–679.

Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions

For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of this title.

Fees Relating to Affidavits of Support

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title II, § 232], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–425, as amended by Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title II, § 211(b), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1365; Pub. L. 115–31, div. J, title VII, § 7081(e), May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 716, provided that:“(a)Authority To Charge Fee.—The Secretary of State may charge and retain a fee or surcharge for services provided by the Department of State to any sponsor who provides an affidavit of support under section 213A of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1183a) to ensure that such affidavit is properly completed before it is forwarded to a consular post for adjudication by a consular officer in connection with the adjudication of an immigrant visa. Such fee or surcharge shall be in addition to and separate from any fee imposed for immigrant visa application processing and issuance, and shall recover only the costs of such services not recovered by such fee.“(b)Limitation.—Any fee established under subsection (a) shall be charged only once to a sponsor or joint sponsors who file essentially duplicative affidavits of support in connection with separate immigrant visa applications from the spouse and children of any petitioner required by the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.] to petition separately for such persons.“(c)Treatment of Fees.—Fees collected under the authority of subsection (a) shall be deposited in the Consular and Border Security Programs account to recover the cost of providing consular services. Such fees shall remain available for obligation until expended.”

Pilot Programs To Require Bonding

Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title V, § 564, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–683, directed the Attorney General to establish a pilot program in 5 district offices of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, to terminate after 3 years of operation, requiring aliens to post a bond in addition to the affidavit of support requirements under this section and the deeming requirements under section 1631 of this title.

Benefits Not Subject to Reimbursement

Pub. L. 104–193, title IV, § 423(d), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2273, as amended by Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(3)(B), (f)(3)(B)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–419, 2681–430; Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, § 752(b)(6), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1169, provided that: “Requirements for reimbursement by a sponsor for benefits provided to a sponsored alien pursuant to an affidavit of support under section 213A of the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1183a] shall not apply with respect to the following:“(1) Medical assistance described in section 401(b)(1)(A) [8 U.S.C. 1611(b)(1)(A)] or assistance described in section 411(b)(1) [8 U.S.C. 1621(b)(1)].“(2) Short-term, non-cash, in-kind emergency disaster relief.“(3) Assistance or benefits under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act [42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.].“(4) Assistance or benefits under the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 [42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.].“(5) Public health assistance for immunizations (not including any assistance under title XIX of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.]) with respect to immunizable diseases and for testing and treatment of symptoms of communicable diseases whether or not such symptoms are caused by a communicable disease.“(6) Payments for foster care and adoption assistance under parts B and E of title IV of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 620 et seq., 670 et seq.] for a parent or a child, but only if the foster or adoptive parent (or parents) of such child is a qualified alien (as defined in section 431 [8 U.S.C. 1641]).“(7) Programs, services, or assistance (such as soup kitchens, crisis counseling and intervention, and short-term shelter) specified by the Attorney General, in the Attorney General’s sole and unreviewable discretion after consultation with appropriate Federal agencies and departments, which (A) deliver in-kind services at the community level, including through public or private nonprofit agencies; (B) do not condition the provision of assistance, the amount of assistance provided, or the cost of assistance provided on the individual recipient’s income or resources; and (C) are necessary for the protection of life or safety.“(8) Programs of student assistance under titles IV, V, IX, and X of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1070 et seq., 1101 et seq., 1134 et seq., 1135 et seq.], and titles III, VII, and VIII of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 241 et seq., 292 et seq., 296 et seq.].“(9) Benefits under the Head Start Act [42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.].“(10) Means-tested programs under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.].“(11) Benefits under the [sic] title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 [former 29 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.].”

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 131 cases (52 in the last 5 years), 2005–2026 · leading case: Ayla Erler v. Yashar Erler, 824 F.3d 1173 (9th Cir. 2016).

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Ayla Erler v. Yashar Erler, 824 F.3d 1173 (9th Cir. 2016). · cites it 16× “” See 8 U.S.C. § 1183a. I. Ayla Erler is a Turkish citizen who immigrated to the United States in November 2008 to marry Yashar Erler.”

Cook Cnty., Illinois v. Chad F. Wolf, 962 F.3d 208 (7th Cir. 2020). · cites it 8× “Both parties also cite various other statutory provisions that they believe shed light on the meaning of the public- charge provision, including the requirement for some immi- grants to obtain aﬃdavits of support from sponsors, 8 U.S.C. § 1183a; an exception to the public-charge…”

Davis v. United States, 499 F.3d 590 (6th Cir. 2007). · cites it 5× “See 8 U.S.C. § 1183a. Moreover, § 1183 a authorizes exactly the kind of support order that the Ohio *595 court issued in this case as a means of enforcing the Affidavit of Support.”

Valentin Belevich v. Klavdia Thomas, 17 F.4th 1048 (11th Cir. 2021). · cites it 7× “USCA11 Case: 19-14668 Date Filed: 11/01/2021 Page: 2 of 12 2 Opinion of the Court 19-14668 BRASHER, Circuit Judge: The question in this appeal is whether certain equitable de- fenses may excuse an immigrant’s sponsor from her financial obli- gation to support the immigrant under…”

Barnett v. Barnett, 238 P.3d 594 (Alaska 2010). · cites it 5× “She argues that inclusion of courtship expenses violates Timothy's support obligations under 8 U.S.C. § 1183a and the INS Form 1-864 affidavit.”

Wenfang Liu v. Timothy Mund, 686 F.3d 418 (7th Cir. 2012). · cites it 5× “The affidavit, the contents of which are specified in 8 U.S.C. § 1183a, is in the form of a contract between the sponsor and the United States, 8 C.”

Kumar v. Kumar (In re Kumar), 220 Cal. Rptr. 3d 863 (Cal. Ct. App. 5th 2017). · cites it 8× “( 8 U.S.C. § 1183a, subd. (a)(1)(B) & (C).) Federal regulation further provides, "The intending immigrants and any Federal, state, or local agency or private entity that provides a means-tested public benefit to an intending immigrant are third party beneficiaries of the…”

Zhu v. Deng, 794 S.E.2d 808 (N.C. Ct. App. 2016). · cites it 6× “The Form I-864A's contents are specified in 8 U.S.C. § 1183a, and as such, this is essentially an issue of statutory interpretation.”

Love v. Love, 33 A.3d 1268 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2011). · cites it 6× “6 See 8 U.S.C. § 1183a (a)(1)(A) (affidavit of support used to establish that alien is not excludable as public charge under section 1182(a)(4)); Iannuzzelli v.”

Iannuzzelli v. Lovett, 981 So. 2d 557 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008). · cites it 8× “8 U.S.C. § 1183a (2004). In the Affidavit, Mr.”

Liu v. Kell, 299 F. Supp. 3d 1128 (W.D. Wash. 2017). · cites it 5× “Kell is obligated to provide sufficient support to Liu to ensure she receives income equal to at least "125 percent of the Federal poverty line during the period in which the affidavit is enforceable.”

Cyrousi v. Kashyap, 386 F. Supp. 3d 1278 (C.D. Cal. 2019). · cites it 5× “2008) ; see also 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(1). By signing an I-864 Affidavit, the sponsor agrees to provide support to maintain the sponsored immigrant at an annual income that is not less than 125 percent of the Federal Poverty Guidelines during the period in which the affidavit is…”

Show all 131 citing cases →

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(1)(A) — 5 cases

Kumar v. Kumar (In re Kumar), 220 Cal. Rptr. 3d 863 (Cal. Ct. App. 5th 2017). “( 8 U.S.C. § 1183a, subd. (a)(1)(B) & (C).) Federal regulation further provides, "The intending immigrants and any Federal, state, or local agency or private entity that provides a means-tested public benefit to an intending immigrant are third party beneficiaries of the…”

Motlagh v. Motlagh, 2017 Ohio 8667 (Ohio Ct. App. 2017).

In re Marriage of Kumar (Cal. Ct. App. 2017).

Marriage of Mullonkal & Kodiyamplakkil (Cal. Ct. App. 2020).

Karen Michelle Wold, V. Scott Alexander Hamilton (Wash. Ct. App. 2025).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(1)(c) — 1 case

Ramgoolam v. Gupta (E.D. Mich. 2025).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a) — 6 cases

Ayla Erler v. Yashar Erler, 824 F.3d 1173 (9th Cir. 2016). “” See 8 U.S.C. § 1183a. I. Ayla Erler is a Turkish citizen who immigrated to the United States in November 2008 to marry Yashar Erler.”

Kawai v. UaCearnaigh, 249 F. Supp. 3d 821 (D.S.C. 2017).

Megrabian v. Saenz, 30 Cal. Rptr. 3d 262 (Cal. Ct. App. 2005).

Sultana v. Hossain (N.D. Tex. 2022).

Ibrhim v. Abdelhoq (N.D. Ohio 2024).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(1) — 22 cases

Cook Cnty., Illinois v. Chad F. Wolf, 962 F.3d 208 (7th Cir. 2020). “Both parties also cite various other statutory provisions that they believe shed light on the meaning of the public- charge provision, including the requirement for some immi- grants to obtain aﬃdavits of support from sponsors, 8 U.S.C. § 1183a; an exception to the public-charge…”

Valentin Belevich v. Klavdia Thomas, 17 F.4th 1048 (11th Cir. 2021). “USCA11 Case: 19-14668 Date Filed: 11/01/2021 Page: 2 of 12 2 Opinion of the Court 19-14668 BRASHER, Circuit Judge: The question in this appeal is whether certain equitable de- fenses may excuse an immigrant’s sponsor from her financial obli- gation to support the immigrant under…”

Liu v. Kell, 299 F. Supp. 3d 1128 (W.D. Wash. 2017). “Kell is obligated to provide sufficient support to Liu to ensure she receives income equal to at least "125 percent of the Federal poverty line during the period in which the affidavit is enforceable.”

Cyrousi v. Kashyap, 386 F. Supp. 3d 1278 (C.D. Cal. 2019). “2008) ; see also 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(1). By signing an I-864 Affidavit, the sponsor agrees to provide support to maintain the sponsored immigrant at an annual income that is not less than 125 percent of the Federal Poverty Guidelines during the period in which the affidavit is…”

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(1)(A) — 47 cases

Villars v. Villars, 336 P.3d 701 (Alaska 2014).

Casa De Maryland, Inc. v. Donald Trump, 971 F.3d 220 (4th Cir. 2020).

Tatyana Mason, V John Mason & Laurie Robertson, 497 P.3d 431 (Wash. Ct. App. 2021).

Barnett v. Barnett, 238 P.3d 594 (Alaska 2010). “She argues that inclusion of courtship expenses violates Timothy's support obligations under 8 U.S.C. § 1183a and the INS Form 1-864 affidavit.”

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(1)(B) — 22 cases

Love v. Love, 33 A.3d 1268 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2011). “6 See 8 U.S.C. § 1183a (a)(1)(A) (affidavit of support used to establish that alien is not excludable as public charge under section 1182(a)(4)); Iannuzzelli v.”

Barnett v. Barnett, 238 P.3d 594 (Alaska 2010). “She argues that inclusion of courtship expenses violates Timothy's support obligations under 8 U.S.C. § 1183a and the INS Form 1-864 affidavit.”

Schwartz v. Schwartz (Schwartz), 409 B.R. 240 (1st Cir. BAP 2008).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(1)(C) — 4 cases

Zhu v. Deng, 794 S.E.2d 808 (N.C. Ct. App. 2016). “The Form I-864A's contents are specified in 8 U.S.C. § 1183a, and as such, this is essentially an issue of statutory interpretation.”

In re the Marriage of Khan, 332 P.3d 1016 (Wash. Ct. App. 2014).

Al-Aromah v. Tomaszewicz (W.D. Va. 2019).

Rouphael (M.D. Fla. 2025).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(1)(b) — 1 case

City & Cnty. of S.F. v. Uscis, 981 F.3d 742 (9th Cir. 2020).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(2) — 27 cases

Tatyana Mason, V John Mason & Laurie Robertson, 497 P.3d 431 (Wash. Ct. App. 2021).

Schwartz v. Schwartz (Schwartz), 409 B.R. 240 (1st Cir. BAP 2008).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(3) — 4 cases

Barnett v. Barnett, 238 P.3d 594 (Alaska 2010). “She argues that inclusion of courtship expenses violates Timothy's support obligations under 8 U.S.C. § 1183a and the INS Form 1-864 affidavit.”

In re Marriage of J.Q. & T.B., 223 Cal. App. 4th 687 (Cal. Ct. App. 2014).

Madrid v. Robinson, 218 F. Supp. 3d 482 (W.D. Va. 2016).

Flores v. Flores Anguiano (D. Idaho 2023).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(3)(A) — 6 cases

Wenfang Liu v. Timothy Mund, 686 F.3d 418 (7th Cir. 2012). “The affidavit, the contents of which are specified in 8 U.S.C. § 1183a, is in the form of a contract between the sponsor and the United States, 8 C.”

Flores v. Flores Anguiano (D. Idaho 2023).

In re Marriage of Kumar (Cal. Ct. App. 2017).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(3)(B) — 1 case

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(3)(B)(ii) — 2 cases

Flores v. Flores Anguiano (D. Idaho 2023).

Tsanev v. Tsanev (W.D. Wash. 2022).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(l) — 5 cases

Davis v. United States, 499 F.3d 590 (6th Cir. 2007). “See 8 U.S.C. § 1183a. Moreover, § 1183 a authorizes exactly the kind of support order that the Ohio *595 court issued in this case as a means of enforcing the Affidavit of Support.”

Kawai v. UaCearnaigh, 249 F. Supp. 3d 821 (D.S.C. 2017).

Wenfang Liu v. Mund, 748 F. Supp. 2d 958 (W.D. Wis. 2010).

Hootkins v. Napolitano, 645 F. Supp. 2d 856 (C.D. Cal. 2009).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(l)(A) — 2 cases

Younis v. Farooqi, 597 F. Supp. 2d 552 (D. Maryland 2009).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(l)(B) — 3 cases

In re Marriage of J.Q. & T.B., 223 Cal. App. 4th 687 (Cal. Ct. App. 2014).

Hootkins v. Napolitano, 645 F. Supp. 2d 856 (C.D. Cal. 2009).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(a)(l)(C) — 1 case

Younis v. Farooqi, 597 F. Supp. 2d 552 (D. Maryland 2009).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(b) — 2 cases

Villars v. Villars, 305 P.3d 321 (Alaska 2013).

Forchielli v. Forchielli (E.D. Mich. 2023).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(b)(1)(A) — 3 cases

Dominy v. Mayorkas (M.D. Tenn. 2023).

Tsanev v. Tsanev (W.D. Wash. 2022).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(c) — 29 cases

Iannuzzelli v. Lovett, 981 So. 2d 557 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008). “8 U.S.C. § 1183a (2004). In the Affidavit, Mr.”

Younis v. Farooqi, 597 F. Supp. 2d 552 (D. Maryland 2009).

Schwartz v. Schwartz (Schwartz), 409 B.R. 240 (1st Cir. BAP 2008).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(e) — 17 cases

Kawai v. UaCearnaigh, 249 F. Supp. 3d 821 (D.S.C. 2017).

Iannuzzelli v. Lovett, 981 So. 2d 557 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008). “8 U.S.C. § 1183a (2004). In the Affidavit, Mr.”

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(e)(1) — 12 cases

Madrid v. Robinson, 218 F. Supp. 3d 482 (W.D. Va. 2016).

Syed Kazmi v. Syeda Kazmi (Tex. App. 2023).

Forchielli v. Forchielli (E.D. Mich. 2023).

Fukita v. Gist (D. Minnesota 2021).

Biton v. Jackson (W.D. Okla. 2025).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(e)(l) — 3 cases

Montgomery v. Montgomery, 764 F. Supp. 2d 328 (D.N.H. 2011).

Madrid v. Robinson, 218 F. Supp. 3d 482 (W.D. Va. 2016).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(f) — 4 cases

Youn Kyung Park v. Holder, 572 F.3d 619 (9th Cir. 2009).

Hawai'i v. Trump, 263 F. Supp. 3d 1049 (D. Haw. 2017).

Park v. Holder (9th Cir. 2009).

Ramgoolam v. Gupta (E.D. Mich. 2025).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(f)(1) — 1 case

Ibrhim v. Abdelhoq (N.D. Ohio 2024).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(f)(1)(B) — 1 case

Sandoval v. Holder, 641 F.3d 982 (8th Cir. 2011).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(f)(1)(E) — 1 case

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(f)(5) — 2 cases

State of Hawaii v. Donald Trump, 871 F.3d 646 (9th Cir. 2017).

Sheikh v. United States Dep't of Homeland Sec., 685 F. Supp. 2d 1076 (C.D. Cal. 2009).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(f)(5)(A) — 1 case

Fukita v. Gist (D. Minnesota 2021).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(f)(5)(B) — 4 cases

Sheikh v. United States Dep't of Homeland Sec., 685 F. Supp. 2d 1076 (C.D. Cal. 2009).

Tasneem (D. Mass. 2026).

Hootkins v. Napolitano, 645 F. Supp. 2d 856 (C.D. Cal. 2009).

Lastimosa v. Attorney Gen. of the United States, 313 F. App'x 462 (3rd Cir. 2008).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(f)(5)(B)(i) — 2 cases

Sheikh v. United States Dep't of Homeland Sec., 685 F. Supp. 2d 1076 (C.D. Cal. 2009).

Kakhetelidze v. Holder, 423 F. App'x 347 (4th Cir. 2011).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(f)(6) — 1 case

Hernandez v. Gonzales, 195 F. App'x 439 (6th Cir. 2006).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(f)(6)(A) — 1 case

Barnett v. Barnett, 238 P.3d 594 (Alaska 2010). “She argues that inclusion of courtship expenses violates Timothy's support obligations under 8 U.S.C. § 1183a and the INS Form 1-864 affidavit.”

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(f)(l) — 1 case

Hootkins v. Napolitano, 645 F. Supp. 2d 856 (C.D. Cal. 2009).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(f)(l)(B) — 1 case

Sandoval v. Holder, 641 F.3d 982 (8th Cir. 2011).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(f)(l)(C) — 1 case

Tharmabalan v. Blinken (S.D.N.Y. 2024).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(f)(l)(E) — 1 case

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(h) — 4 cases

Villars v. Villars, 305 P.3d 321 (Alaska 2013).

Belevich v. Thomas (N.D. Ala. 2019).

Al-Aromah v. Tomaszewicz (W.D. Va. 2019).

— 8 U.S.C. § 1183a(l)(A) — 1 case

Shumye v. Felleke, 555 F. Supp. 2d 1020 (N.D. Cal. 2008).

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