permissible defense (North Carolina) · Go Syfert
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permissible defense in North Carolina

6 North Carolina opinions name it 3 courts 1992–2026 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by North Carolina courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (6)

CaseFollowedCited
Martinez v. Californiagreen
scotus · 1980 · cited in 2 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1992–2025
2 sentences

2025“In addition, under the federal cases interpreting [ 42 U.S.C. § 1983 ], sovereign immunity alleged under state law is not a permissible defense to section 1983 actions.” Id. at 772 (citing Martinez v. California, 444 U.S. 277, 283 (1980)). -14- the allocation of the [S]tate’s expenditures.” Cooper v. Berger, 376 N.C. 22 , 37 (2020).

1992Martinez v. California, 444 U.S. 277, 283 , 62 L.

22
State v. Gricegreen
nc · 2015 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
2 sentences

2026State v. Grice, 367 N.C. 753, 756 , 767 S.E.2d 312, 316 (2015).

2026State v. Grice, 367 N.C. 753, 756 , 767 S.E.2d 312, 316 (2015).

11
Levine v. Smithgreen
del · 1991 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016See Spiegel, 571 A.2d at 777 ; Levine v. Smith, 591 A.2d 194, 212 (Del. 1991).

11
Spiegel v. Buntrockgreen
del · 1990 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016See Spiegel, 571 A.2d at 777 ; Levine v. Smith, 591 A.2d 194, 212 (Del. 1991).

11
Glenn-Robinson v. Ackergreen
ncctapp · 2000 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Corum v. University of North Carolina Through Bd. of Governors, 330 N.C. 761, 772 , 413 S.E.2d 276, 283 (“[S] overeign immunity alleged under state law is not a permissible defense to section 1983 actions.”), disc. rev. denied, 506 U.S. 985 , 121 L.Ed. 2d 431 (1992); Glenn-Robinson v. Acker, 140 N.C.

2014App. 606, 627 , 538 S.E.2d 601, 616 (2000) (noting that “a municipal entity has no claim to immunity in a section 1983 suit” (citation and quotation marks omitted)), disc. rev. denied, 353 N.C. 372 , 547 S.E.2d 811 (2001).

11
Corum v. University of North Carolinagreen
nc · 1992 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Corum v. University of North Carolina Through Bd. of Governors, 330 N.C. 761, 772 , 413 S.E.2d 276, 283 (“[S] overeign immunity alleged under state law is not a permissible defense to section 1983 actions.”), disc. rev. denied, 506 U.S. 985 , 121 L.Ed. 2d 431 (1992); Glenn-Robinson v. Acker, 140 N.C.

2014Corum v. University of North Carolina Through Bd. of Governors, 330 N.C. 761, 772 , 413 S.E.2d 276, 283 (“[S] overeign immunity alleged under state law is not a permissible defense to section 1983 actions.”), disc. rev. denied, 506 U.S. 985 , 121 L.Ed. 2d 431 (1992); Glenn-Robinson v. Acker, 140 N.C.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in North Carolina. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (6)

CaseCitedYears
Cooper v. Berger green
nc · 2020
1 sentence

2025“In addition, under the federal cases interpreting [ 42 U.S.C. § 1983 ], sovereign immunity alleged under state law is not a permissible defense to section 1983 actions.” Id. at 772 (citing Martinez v. California, 444 U.S. 277, 283 (1980)). -14- the allocation of the [S]tate’s expenditures.” Cooper v. Berger, 376 N.C. 22 , 37 (2020).

12025–2025
State v. Grant green
ncctapp · 2006
1 sentence

2017App. 565 , 632 S.E.2d 258 (2006), in support of her contention that duress may be used as a permissible defense to first degree murder on the basis of premeditation and deliberation.

12017–2017
Durham v. Corum green
scotus · 1992
1 sentence

2014Corum v. University of North Carolina Through Bd. of Governors, 330 N.C. 761, 772 , 413 S.E.2d 276, 283 (“[S] overeign immunity alleged under state law is not a permissible defense to section 1983 actions.”), disc. rev. denied, 506 U.S. 985 , 121 L.Ed. 2d 431 (1992); Glenn-Robinson v. Acker, 140 N.C.

12014–2014
Washington Water Power Co. v. Spokane Indian Tribe green
scotus · 1992
1 sentence

2014Corum v. University of North Carolina Through Bd. of Governors, 330 N.C. 761, 772 , 413 S.E.2d 276, 283 (“[S] overeign immunity alleged under state law is not a permissible defense to section 1983 actions.”), disc. rev. denied, 506 U.S. 985 , 121 L.Ed. 2d 431 (1992); Glenn-Robinson v. Acker, 140 N.C.

12014–2014
Glenn-Robinson v. Acker green
nc · 2001
1 sentence

2014App. 606, 627 , 538 S.E.2d 601, 616 (2000) (noting that “a municipal entity has no claim to immunity in a section 1983 suit” (citation and quotation marks omitted)), disc. rev. denied, 353 N.C. 372 , 547 S.E.2d 811 (2001).

12014–2014
Groves v. Travelers Ins. neutral
nc · 2001
1 sentence

2014App. 606, 627 , 538 S.E.2d 601, 616 (2000) (noting that “a municipal entity has no claim to immunity in a section 1983 suit” (citation and quotation marks omitted)), disc. rev. denied, 353 N.C. 372 , 547 S.E.2d 811 (2001).

12014–2014

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1A-1 (3) USC § 42u.s.c.1983 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 39 (1982–2026) PA 24 (1947–2026) NY 23 (1904–2025) CA 20 (1962–2025) NJ 17 (1925–2026) MI 14 (1968–2026) WA 13 (1980–2025) IL 12 (1976–2026) IA 11 (1942–2020) MA 10 (1936–2025) OR 10 (1964–2025) GA 10 (1965–2013) WY 10 (1996–2026) FL 9 (1980–2024) MO 8 (1966–2025) OH 7 (1994–2025) AL 6 (1926–2016) NC 6 (1992–2026) DC 6 (1984–2024) NM 6 (1968–2017) AZ 6 (1988–2022) TN 6 (1980–2016) OK 5 (1936–2010) DE 5 (1907–1997) MD 5 (1961–2021) KS 5 (2006–2026) WI 5 (1911–2018) MT 4 (1986–2000) WV 4 (1964–2013) MS 4 (1986–2014) ND 3 (1989–2012) MN 3 (1938–2025) VT 2 (2010–2014) IN 2 (1990–1993) CT 2 (1993–2024) AK 2 (1971–1985) AR 2 (1972–1995)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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