availability defense in New Jersey

35 New Jersey opinions name it 3 courts 1930–2024 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New Jersey courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (20)

Case	Followed	Cited
Krauss v. A. & M. KARAGHEUSIAN, INC.green nj · 1953 · cited in 4 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1955–2021 2 sentences 2021The test is met if it appears that the individual is willing, able and ready to accept suitable work which he does not have good cause to refuse, that is when he is genuinely attached to the labor market. [ 13 N.J. 447, 457-58 (1953) (internal citations omitted) (emphasis added).] Applying the Krauss test, appellant argues that she was "available to work" during the disputed seven-day period of April 29, 2018, through May 5, 2018, because: (1) she was "holding onto and continues [sic] an ongoing job;" A-4031-18 6 and (2) she was available for work during six out of the seven days required by h 1955Karagheusian, 13 N.J. 447, 460 (1953), our Supreme Court had this to say as to the matter: "* * * the availability test is not met unless there exists a labor market to which he [the claimant] may be attached, that is, it must appear that there is a substantial amount of work in the area for the skills he has to offer.	2	4
Aliulis v. Tunnel Hill Corp.green nj · 1971 · cited in 4 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1983–1992 2 sentences 1992We leave the availability of the defense in that and other analogous situations until the question is precisely presented. [Id. at 511, 284 A.2d 180 .] In Buckley v. Estate of Pirolo, 101 N.J. 68 , 500 A.2d 703 (1985), we addressed our common-law dram-shop rules in the context of the Legislature’s adoption of comparative negligence. 1991We leave the availability of the defense in that and other analogous situations until the question is precisely presented, (at 511, 284 A2d 180 ).	1	4
Valenti v. Board of Review of the Unemployment Compensation Commissiongreen nj · 1950 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1955–1974 2 sentences 1974Valenti v. Board of Review, supra, 4 N.J. 287 . 1974Valenti v. Board of Review, supra, 4 N.J. 287 .	1	2
Marascio v. Campanellagreen njsuperctappdiv · 1997 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024 1 sentence 2024Super. 497 , 499 (App. Div. 2003) (applying the CFA to "plaintiff's purchase of a franchise or distributorship offered by defendants in advertising addressed to the general public at large."); Marasico v. Campanella, 298 N.J.	1	1
All the Way Towing, LLC v. Bucks Cnty. Int'l, Inc.green nj · 2019 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024 1 sentence 2024Int'l, Inc., 236 N.J. 431, 447 (2019) ("To promote consistency in the application of the requirement that a product be offered to the public when evaluating a private individual CFA action, we hold that the availability requirement can be met by showing that any member of the public could purchase the product or service, if willing and able, regardless of whether such a purchase is popular."); Kavky v. Hebalife Int. of Am., 359 N.J.	1	1
Ocean Cape Hotel Corp. v. Masefield Corp.green njsuperctappdiv · 1960 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023 1 sentence 2023The limitation clause in the loan agreement between KFF and SHE states, in part, that the "LENDER SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY TO BORROWER, OR ANY OTHER ENTITY OR PERSON, UNDER ANY THEORY OF LAW OR EQUITY FOR ANY AMOUNT IN EXCESS OF THE PAID PORTION OF THE COMMITMENT FEE." Citing Ocean Cape Hotel Corp. v. Masefield Corp., 63 N.J.	1	1
State of New Jersey v. Keith Drakegreen njsuperctappdiv · 2016 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022 1 sentence 2022See id. at ___ (slip op. at 51) (explaining the constitutional "problem" presented by imposing the mandatory sentences for murder under N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3 on a juvenile is addressed by "[a]llowing minors a later opportunity to show they have matured, to present evidence of their rehabilitation, and to try to prove they are fit to reenter society").	1	1
Quinlan v. Curtiss-Wright Corp.green nj · 2010 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015 2 sentences 2015See Quinlan, 204 N.J. at 268-71 , 8 A.3d 209 . 2015See Quinlan, 204 N.J. at 268-71 , 8 A.3d 209 .	1	1
cluster 291747green ca1 · 1970 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998 2 sentences 1998In Garner v. Wolfinbarger, 430 F. 2d 1093, 1103-04 (5th Cir.1970), the court stated: But where the corporation is in suit against its stockholders on charges of acting inimically to stockholder interests, protection of those interests as well as those of the corporation and of the public require that the availability of the privilege be subject to the right of the stockholders to show cause why it should not be invoked in the particular instance. [ 430 F. 2d at 1103 .] The court then listed various indicia that might affect the decision of the presence or absence of good cause. 1998In Garner v. Wolfinbarger, 430 F. 2d 1093, 1103-04 (5th Cir.1970), the court stated: But where the corporation is in suit against its stockholders on charges of acting inimically to stockholder interests, protection of those interests as well as those of the corporation and of the public require that the availability of the privilege be subject to the right of the stockholders to show cause why it should not be invoked in the particular instance. [ 430 F. 2d at 1103 .] The court then listed various indicia that might affect the decision of the presence or absence of good cause.	1	1
Mitchell v. Forsythgreen scotus · 1985 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995 2 sentences 1995The trial court's consideration of this defense should be governed by the principles set forth in Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 815-19 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2736-38 , 73 L.Ed. 2d 396, 408-11 (1982), Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526 , 105 S.Ct. 2806, 2816 , 86 L.Ed. 2d 411, 425 (1985), Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335, 344-45 , 106 S.Ct. 1092, 1098 , 89 L.Ed. 2d 271, 280-81 (1986) and Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 639-40 , 107 S.Ct. 3034, 3038-39 , 97 L.Ed. 2d 523, 530-31 (1987); see also Kirk v. City of Newark, 109 N.J. 173 , 536 A. 2d 229 (1988). 1995The trial court's consideration of this defense should be governed by the principles set forth in Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 815-19 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2736-38 , 73 L.Ed. 2d 396, 408-11 (1982), Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526 , 105 S.Ct. 2806, 2816 , 86 L.Ed. 2d 411, 425 (1985), Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335, 344-45 , 106 S.Ct. 1092, 1098 , 89 L.Ed. 2d 271, 280-81 (1986) and Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 639-40 , 107 S.Ct. 3034, 3038-39 , 97 L.Ed. 2d 523, 530-31 (1987); see also Kirk v. City of Newark, 109 N.J. 173 , 536 A. 2d 229 (1988).	1	1
Harlow v. Fitzgeraldgreen scotus · 1982 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995 2 sentences 1995The trial court's consideration of this defense should be governed by the principles set forth in Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 815-19 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2736-38 , 73 L.Ed. 2d 396, 408-11 (1982), Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526 , 105 S.Ct. 2806, 2816 , 86 L.Ed. 2d 411, 425 (1985), Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335, 344-45 , 106 S.Ct. 1092, 1098 , 89 L.Ed. 2d 271, 280-81 (1986) and Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 639-40 , 107 S.Ct. 3034, 3038-39 , 97 L.Ed. 2d 523, 530-31 (1987); see also Kirk v. City of Newark, 109 N.J. 173 , 536 A. 2d 229 (1988). 1995The trial court's consideration of this defense should be governed by the principles set forth in Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 815-19 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2736-38 , 73 L.Ed. 2d 396, 408-11 (1982), Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526 , 105 S.Ct. 2806, 2816 , 86 L.Ed. 2d 411, 425 (1985), Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335, 344-45 , 106 S.Ct. 1092, 1098 , 89 L.Ed. 2d 271, 280-81 (1986) and Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 639-40 , 107 S.Ct. 3034, 3038-39 , 97 L.Ed. 2d 523, 530-31 (1987); see also Kirk v. City of Newark, 109 N.J. 173 , 536 A. 2d 229 (1988).	1	1
Kirk v. City of Newarkgreen nj · 1988 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995 2 sentences 1995The trial court's consideration of this defense should be governed by the principles set forth in Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 815-19 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2736-38 , 73 L.Ed. 2d 396, 408-11 (1982), Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526 , 105 S.Ct. 2806, 2816 , 86 L.Ed. 2d 411, 425 (1985), Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335, 344-45 , 106 S.Ct. 1092, 1098 , 89 L.Ed. 2d 271, 280-81 (1986) and Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 639-40 , 107 S.Ct. 3034, 3038-39 , 97 L.Ed. 2d 523, 530-31 (1987); see also Kirk v. City of Newark, 109 N.J. 173 , 536 A. 2d 229 (1988). 1995The trial court's consideration of this defense should be governed by the principles set forth in Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 815-19 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2736-38 , 73 L.Ed. 2d 396, 408-11 (1982), Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526 , 105 S.Ct. 2806, 2816 , 86 L.Ed. 2d 411, 425 (1985), Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335, 344-45 , 106 S.Ct. 1092, 1098 , 89 L.Ed. 2d 271, 280-81 (1986) and Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 639-40 , 107 S.Ct. 3034, 3038-39 , 97 L.Ed. 2d 523, 530-31 (1987); see also Kirk v. City of Newark, 109 N.J. 173 , 536 A. 2d 229 (1988).	1	1
Anderson v. Creightongreen scotus · 1987 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995 2 sentences 1995The trial court's consideration of this defense should be governed by the principles set forth in Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 815-19 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2736-38 , 73 L.Ed. 2d 396, 408-11 (1982), Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526 , 105 S.Ct. 2806, 2816 , 86 L.Ed. 2d 411, 425 (1985), Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335, 344-45 , 106 S.Ct. 1092, 1098 , 89 L.Ed. 2d 271, 280-81 (1986) and Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 639-40 , 107 S.Ct. 3034, 3038-39 , 97 L.Ed. 2d 523, 530-31 (1987); see also Kirk v. City of Newark, 109 N.J. 173 , 536 A. 2d 229 (1988). 1995The trial court's consideration of this defense should be governed by the principles set forth in Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 815-19 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2736-38 , 73 L.Ed. 2d 396, 408-11 (1982), Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526 , 105 S.Ct. 2806, 2816 , 86 L.Ed. 2d 411, 425 (1985), Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335, 344-45 , 106 S.Ct. 1092, 1098 , 89 L.Ed. 2d 271, 280-81 (1986) and Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 639-40 , 107 S.Ct. 3034, 3038-39 , 97 L.Ed. 2d 523, 530-31 (1987); see also Kirk v. City of Newark, 109 N.J. 173 , 536 A. 2d 229 (1988).	1	1
Malley v. Briggsgreen scotus · 1986 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995 2 sentences 1995The trial court's consideration of this defense should be governed by the principles set forth in Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 815-19 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2736-38 , 73 L.Ed. 2d 396, 408-11 (1982), Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526 , 105 S.Ct. 2806, 2816 , 86 L.Ed. 2d 411, 425 (1985), Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335, 344-45 , 106 S.Ct. 1092, 1098 , 89 L.Ed. 2d 271, 280-81 (1986) and Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 639-40 , 107 S.Ct. 3034, 3038-39 , 97 L.Ed. 2d 523, 530-31 (1987); see also Kirk v. City of Newark, 109 N.J. 173 , 536 A. 2d 229 (1988). 1995The trial court's consideration of this defense should be governed by the principles set forth in Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 815-19 , 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2736-38 , 73 L.Ed. 2d 396, 408-11 (1982), Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526 , 105 S.Ct. 2806, 2816 , 86 L.Ed. 2d 411, 425 (1985), Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335, 344-45 , 106 S.Ct. 1092, 1098 , 89 L.Ed. 2d 271, 280-81 (1986) and Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 639-40 , 107 S.Ct. 3034, 3038-39 , 97 L.Ed. 2d 523, 530-31 (1987); see also Kirk v. City of Newark, 109 N.J. 173 , 536 A. 2d 229 (1988).	1	1
Deel v. Jacksongreen ca4 · 1988 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992 1 sentence 1992Deel v. Jackson, 862 F. 2d 1079, 1085 (4th Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1092 , 109 S.Ct. 2434 , 104 L.Ed.2d 991 (1989); accord Elizabeth C.	1	1
Dijkstra v. Westerinkgreen njsuperctappdiv · 1979 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987	1	1
William H. Thurber v. The Western Conference of Teamsters Pension Plangreen ca9 · 1976 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980	1	1
Ex Parte Langegreen scotus · 1874 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1975–1975	1	1
Holiday v. Johnstongreen scotus · 1941 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1975–1975	1	1
North Carolina v. Pearcered scotus · 1969 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1975–1975	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New Jersey. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (34)

Case	Cited	Years
Vasquez v. Bd. of Review, Labor and Ind. green njsuperctappdiv · 1974 2 sentences 2005Melfi v. Bd. of Review, 336 N.J.Super. 609, 612 , 765 A.2d 1082 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 168 N.J. 289 , 773 A.2d 1153 (2001) (quoting Krauss, supra, 13 N.J. at 457 , 100 A.2d 277 and Vasquez v. Bd. of Review, 127 N.J.Super. 431, 434 , 317 A.2d 744 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 65 N.J. 559 , 325 A.2d 693 (1974)). 2005Melfi v. Bd. of Review, 336 N.J.Super. 609, 612 , 765 A.2d 1082 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 168 N.J. 289 , 773 A.2d 1153 (2001) (quoting Krauss, supra, 13 N.J. at 457 , 100 A.2d 277 and Vasquez v. Bd. of Review, 127 N.J.Super. 431, 434 , 317 A.2d 744 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 65 N.J. 559 , 325 A.2d 693 (1974)).	2	2001–2005
State v. Bellinger neutral nj · 1974 2 sentences 2005Melfi v. Bd. of Review, 336 N.J.Super. 609, 612 , 765 A.2d 1082 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 168 N.J. 289 , 773 A.2d 1153 (2001) (quoting Krauss, supra, 13 N.J. at 457 , 100 A.2d 277 and Vasquez v. Bd. of Review, 127 N.J.Super. 431, 434 , 317 A.2d 744 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 65 N.J. 559 , 325 A.2d 693 (1974)). 2001Karagheusian, Inc., 13 N.J. 447, 457 , 100 A. 2d 277 (1953); Vasquez v. Bd. of Review, 127 N.J.Super. 431, 434 , 317 A. 2d 744 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 65 N.J. 559 , 325 A. 2d 693 (1974).	2	2001–2005
DeLillo v. Conte neutral nj · 1974 2 sentences 2005Melfi v. Bd. of Review, 336 N.J.Super. 609, 612 , 765 A.2d 1082 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 168 N.J. 289 , 773 A.2d 1153 (2001) (quoting Krauss, supra, 13 N.J. at 457 , 100 A.2d 277 and Vasquez v. Bd. of Review, 127 N.J.Super. 431, 434 , 317 A.2d 744 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 65 N.J. 559 , 325 A.2d 693 (1974)). 2001Karagheusian, Inc., 13 N.J. 447, 457 , 100 A. 2d 277 (1953); Vasquez v. Bd. of Review, 127 N.J.Super. 431, 434 , 317 A. 2d 744 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 65 N.J. 559 , 325 A. 2d 693 (1974).	2	2001–2005
In Re Dabney green cal · 1969 2 sentences 1972That court selected its previous decision in In re Woods, supra, as sufficiently adumbrating the constitutional inefficacy in later criminal proceedings of uncounseled prior convictions, so as to warrant limiting the availability of the rule to subject criminal convictions not yet final3 at the date of the decision in Woods. ( 76 Cal. Rptr. 636 , 452 P. 2d 924 ). 1972That court selected its previous decision in In re Woods, supra, as sufficiently adumbrating the constitutional inefficacy in later criminal proceedings of uncounseled prior convictions, so as to warrant limiting the availability of the rule to subject criminal convictions not yet final3 at the date of the decision in Woods. ( 76 Cal. Rptr. 636 , 452 P. 2d 924 ).	2	1972–1972
Linkletter v. Walker red scotus · 1965 2 sentences 1972This is the same rule of retroactivity as the Supreme Court has applied in relation to illegal searches, Linkletter v. Walker, 381 U. S. 618 , 85 S. Ct. 1731 , 14 L. 1972This is the same rule of retroactivity as the Supreme Court has applied in relation to illegal searches, Linkletter v. Walker, 381 U. S. 618 , 85 S. Ct. 1731 , 14 L.	2	1972–1972
Reger v. Administrator, Unemployment Compensation Act green conn · 1946 2 sentences 1949The availability requirement is satisfied `when an individual is willing, able, and ready to accept suitable work which he does not have good cause to refuse, that is, when he is genuinely attached to the labor market.' Reger v. Administrator, 132 Conn. 647 ; 46 A.2d 844 ." The Board contends that plaintiff, by reason of her restricted type of work and the limited amount of employment for home workers in the Camden area, is not genuinely attached to the labor market. 1949The availability requirement is satisfied `when an individual is willing, able, and ready to accept suitable work which he does not have good cause to refuse, that is, when he is genuinely attached to the labor market.' Reger v. Administrator, 132 Conn. 647 ; 46 A.2d 844 ." The Board contends that plaintiff, by reason of her restricted type of work and the limited amount of employment for home workers in the Camden area, is not genuinely attached to the labor market.	2	1948–1949
Kavky v. HERBALIFE INTERNATIONAL green njsuperctappdiv · 2003 1 sentence 2024Int'l, Inc., 236 N.J. 431, 447 (2019) ("To promote consistency in the application of the requirement that a product be offered to the public when evaluating a private individual CFA action, we hold that the availability requirement can be met by showing that any member of the public could purchase the product or service, if willing and able, regardless of whether such a purchase is popular."); Kavky v. Hebalife Int. of Am., 359 N.J.	1	2024–2024
Melfi v. Bd. of Review neutral njsuperctappdiv · 2001 2 sentences 2005Melfi v. Bd. of Review, 336 N.J.Super. 609, 612 , 765 A.2d 1082 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 168 N.J. 289 , 773 A.2d 1153 (2001) (quoting Krauss, supra, 13 N.J. at 457 , 100 A.2d 277 and Vasquez v. Bd. of Review, 127 N.J.Super. 431, 434 , 317 A.2d 744 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 65 N.J. 559 , 325 A.2d 693 (1974)). 2005Melfi v. Bd. of Review, 336 N.J.Super. 609, 612 , 765 A.2d 1082 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 168 N.J. 289 , 773 A.2d 1153 (2001) (quoting Krauss, supra, 13 N.J. at 457 , 100 A.2d 277 and Vasquez v. Bd. of Review, 127 N.J.Super. 431, 434 , 317 A.2d 744 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 65 N.J. 559 , 325 A.2d 693 (1974)).	1	2005–2005
Matter of Woodhaven Lumber green nj · 1991 2 sentences 2003The availability of this privilege does not turn on whether the information was "derived from a confidential source." In re Woodhaven Lumber & Mill Work, 123 N.J. 481, 490 , 589 A. 2d 135 (1991) (hereafter referred to as Woodhaven). 2003The availability of this privilege does not turn on whether the information was "derived from a confidential source." In re Woodhaven Lumber & Mill Work, 123 N.J. 481, 490 , 589 A. 2d 135 (1991) (hereafter referred to as Woodhaven).	1	2003–2003
Richardson v. Nickolopoulos green nj · 1988 2 sentences 2001Richardson, supra, 110 N.J. at 251 , 540 A. 2d 1246 . 2001Richardson, supra, 110 N.J. at 251 , 540 A. 2d 1246 .	1	2001–2001
State v. Davis green nj · 1975 2 sentences 2000As the Court observed in Davis , merger is based on the principle that "an accused [who] has committed only one offense ... cannot be punished as if for two." Davis, supra, 68 N.J. at 77 , 342 A. 2d 841 . 2000As the Court observed in Davis , merger is based on the principle that "an accused [who] has committed only one offense ... cannot be punished as if for two." Davis, supra, 68 N.J. at 77 , 342 A. 2d 841 .	1	2000–2000
Akef v. BASF Corp. neutral njsuperctappdiv · 1994 2 sentences 1995Id. at 37-41 , 645 A.2d 158 . 1995Id. at 37-41 , 645 A.2d 158 .	1	1995–1995
Buckley v. Estate of Pirolo green nj · 1985 2 sentences 1992We leave the availability of the defense in that and other analogous situations until the question is precisely presented. [Id. at 511, 284 A.2d 180 .] In Buckley v. Estate of Pirolo, 101 N.J. 68 , 500 A.2d 703 (1985), we addressed our common-law dram-shop rules in the context of the Legislature’s adoption of comparative negligence. 1992We leave the availability of the defense in that and other analogous situations until the question is precisely presented. [Id. at 511, 284 A.2d 180 .] In Buckley v. Estate of Pirolo, 101 N.J. 68 , 500 A.2d 703 (1985), we addressed our common-law dram-shop rules in the context of the Legislature’s adoption of comparative negligence.	1	1992–1992
State v. Ervin green njsuperctappdiv · 1989	1	1992–1992
Hope v. Derwinski green scotus · 1989	1	1992–1992
Battle v. United States green scotus · 1989 1 sentence 1992Deel v. Jackson, 862 F. 2d 1079, 1085 (4th Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1092 , 109 S.Ct. 2434 , 104 L.Ed.2d 991 (1989); accord Elizabeth C.	1	1992–1992
State v. Ervin green nj · 1990 2 sentences 1992Super. 458, 469 , 575 A. 2d 491 (App.Div. 1989), certif. denied, 121 N.J. 634 , 583 A. 2d 328 (1990). [2] If the court had addressed defendant personally before accepting the plea, it could have established whether defendant wished to plead guilty despite the availability of this defense. 1992Super. 458, 469 , 575 A. 2d 491 (App.Div. 1989), certif. denied, 121 N.J. 634 , 583 A. 2d 328 (1990). [2] If the court had addressed defendant personally before accepting the plea, it could have established whether defendant wished to plead guilty despite the availability of this defense.	1	1992–1992
Rhyner v. Madden neutral njsuperctappdiv · 1982	1	1991–1991
New York v. Quarles green scotus · 1984	1	1986–1986
Buckley v. Pirolo Estate green njsuperctappdiv · 1983	1	1985–1985
State v. Kluber green njsuperctappdiv · 1974	1	1976–1976
State v. Farmer green nj · 1966	1	1976–1976
Illinois v. Somerville green scotus · 1973	1	1976–1976
Bennett v. Labat green scotus · 1967	1	1976–1976
Farmer v. New Jersey green scotus · 1967	1	1976–1976
Benton v. Maryland green scotus · 1969	1	1975–1975
Sterling Fire Insurance v. Comision Reguladora Del Mercado De Henequen green ind · 1924	1	1965–1965
Tabor v. O'GRADY green njsuperctappdiv · 1960	1	1960–1960
Mara v. Township of Parsippany-Troy Hills green nj · 1955	1	1957–1957
Vacca v. Stika green nj · 1956	1	1957–1957
Mara v. Township of Parsippany-Troy Hills green nj · 1957	1	1957–1957
In Re Application of Kershner green nj · 1952	1	1956–1956
Muraski v. Board of Review of the Unemployment Compensation Commission green nj · 1948	1	1949–1949
Berk v. Isquith Productions, Inc. green njch · 1925	1	1930–1930

Where else courts name it

NY 129 (1892–2026) PA 101 (1947–2026) CA 74 (1938–2026) CT 49 (1947–2024) FL 38 (1916–2023) NJ 35 (1930–2024) TX 32 (1920–2023) MI 30 (1951–2023) OH 28 (1985–2025) IL 27 (1912–2026) IN 27 (1978–2026) AL 26 (1913–2025) OR 22 (1951–2023) WA 21 (1966–2026) MA 19 (1975–2020) DE 19 (1957–2025) MD 19 (1962–2026) MN 19 (1953–2026) VT 16 (1963–2024) IA 15 (1975–2023) NC 14 (1941–2020) KS 13 (1961–2024) CO 13 (1973–2021) DC 13 (1973–2026) WI 11 (1957–2025) VA 11 (1956–2024) TN 11 (1987–2024) LA 11 (1971–2017) MT 11 (1976–2018) WY 10 (1972–2010) WV 10 (1989–2021) MO 10 (1970–2023) ME 9 (1977–2022) UT 9 (1982–2022) NM 9 (1978–2020) GA 8 (1994–2020) RI 8 (1937–2007) NH 7 (1979–2007) AR 6 (1972–2021) AZ 6 (1962–2016) HI 5 (1962–2023) ID 4 (1961–2025) SC 4 (1951–2007) NE 3 (1947–2014) KY 3 (2017–2024) SD 3 (1981–2020) NV 3 (1994–2011) OK 2 (2014–2014) AK 2 (1980–1992)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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