definite rule (California) · Go Syfert
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definite rule in California

31 California opinions name it 3 courts 1907–2024 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (17)

CaseFollowedCited
Dalehite v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1953 · cited in 4 California opinions naming this issue, 1968–1988
2 sentences

1988Dist., supra, 55 Cal.2d 224, 230 , ‘it may not be possible to set forth a definite rule which would determine in every instance whether a governmental agency is liable.’ A workable definition nevertheless will be one that recognizes that ‘[m]uch of what is done by officers and employees of the government must remain beyond the range of judicial inquiry.’ (3 Davis, Administrative Law Treatise (1958) § 25.11, p. 484); obviously ‘it is not a tort for government to govern’ (Dalehite v. United States (1953) 346 U.S. 15, 57 [ 97 L.Ed. 1427, 1452 , 73 S.Ct. 956 ] (Jackson, J., dis.)).

1988Dist., supra, 55 Cal.2d 224, 230 , ‘it may not be possible to set forth a definite rule which would determine in every instance whether a governmental agency is liable.’ A workable definition nevertheless will be one that recognizes that ‘[m]uch of what is done by officers and employees of the government must remain beyond the range of judicial inquiry.’ (3 Davis, Administrative Law Treatise (1958) § 25.11, p. 484); obviously ‘it is not a tort for government to govern’ (Dalehite v. United States (1953) 346 U.S. 15, 57 [ 97 L.Ed. 1427, 1452 , 73 S.Ct. 956 ] (Jackson, J., dis.)).

44
Lipman v. Brisbane Elementary School Districtred
cal · 1961 · cited in 7 California opinions naming this issue, 1962–2024
2 sentences

2024Dist. [1961] 55 Cal.2d 224, 230 , ‘it may not be possible to set forth a definite rule which would determine in every instance whether a governmental agency is liable.’ A workable definition nevertheless will be one that recognizes that ‘[m]uch of what is done by officers and employees of the government must remain beyond the range of judicial inquiry’ [citation]; obviously ‘it is not a tort for government to govern’ [citation].

1988Dist., supra, 55 Cal.2d 224, 230 , ‘it may not be possible to set forth a definite rule which would determine in every instance whether a governmental agency is liable.’ A workable definition nevertheless will be one that recognizes that ‘[m]uch of what is done by officers and employees of the government must remain beyond the range of judicial inquiry.’ (3 Davis, Administrative Law Treatise (1958) § 25.11, p. 484); obviously ‘it is not a tort for government to govern’ (Dalehite v. United States (1953) 346 U.S. 15, 57 [ 97 L.Ed. 1427, 1452 , 73 S.Ct. 956 ] (Jackson, J., dis.)).

27
Griffiths v. Johnsongreen
cal · 1921 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 1937–1962
2 sentences

1962This presumption is stated in Estate of Sweetman, 185 Cal. 27, 28 [ 195 P. 918 ], as follows: ‘A will last seen and known to have been in the possession of the decedent, which cannot be found after his death, will be presumed to have been detroyed by him and with an intention of revoking it, since the law always presumes in favor of the innocence of an act, and any other inference would involve a finding of a wrongful or fraudulent destruction of the will by a third person. ’ ” (Estate of LeSure, 21 Cal.App.2d 73, 80 [ 68 P.2d 313 ].) “It was established beyond question that the will was last

1962This presumption is stated in Estate of Sweetman, 185 Cal. 27, 28 [ 195 P. 918 ], as follows: ‘A will last seen and known to have been in the possession of the decedent, which cannot be found after his death, will be presumed to have been detroyed by him and with an intention of revoking it, since the law always presumes in favor of the innocence of an act, and any other inference would involve a finding of a wrongful or fraudulent destruction of the will by a third person. ’ ” (Estate of LeSure, 21 Cal.App.2d 73, 80 [ 68 P.2d 313 ].) “It was established beyond question that the will was last

22
Damele v. MacK Trucks, Inc.green
calctapp · 1990 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998
2 sentences

1998(Damele v. Mack Trucks, Inc. (1990) 219 Cal.App.3d 29, 38 [ 267 Cal.Rptr. 197 ].) It was for the jury to assess the various witnesses’ credibility concerning the injuries suffered by plaintiff and the degree of her pain.

1998(Damele v. Mack Trucks, Inc. (1990) 219 Cal.App.3d 29, 38 [ 267 Cal.Rptr. 197 ].) It was for the jury to assess the various witnesses’ credibility concerning the injuries suffered by plaintiff and the degree of her pain.

11
Zuber v. Allengreen
scotus · 1970 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1971–1971
2 sentences

1971It stated, “To the extent that the Legislature considers a given problem and determines the best method of dealing with it, it may specifically include its resolution of the matter in statutory law; in sections 62484 and 24871, for example, the Legislature considered the relationship between quantity discounts and the marketing of milk and wine, respectively, and described with particularity the administrator’s power.” ( 69 Cal.2d at p. 182 ; italics added.) In Zuber v. Allen, supra, the court stated, “Congress has spoken with particularity and provided specifically enumerated differentials, .

1971It stated, “To the extent that the Legislature considers a given problem and determines the best method of dealing with it, it may specifically include its resolution of the matter in statutory law; in sections 62484 and 24871, for example, the Legislature considered the relationship between quantity discounts and the marketing of milk and wine, respectively, and described with particularity the administrator’s power.” ( 69 Cal.2d at p. 182 ; italics added.) In Zuber v. Allen, supra, the court stated, “Congress has spoken with particularity and provided specifically enumerated differentials, .

11
Hymes v. Pollockgreen
calctapp · 1952 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1963–1963
2 sentences

1963The Council are agreed that the Caveat should go out, and the definite rule of non-liability should be stated." (Italics added.) [8] Recognition of this reality disposes of the argument, advanced by amici curiae, that the general rule of nonliability in the situation now before us should be abandoned in order to achieve "consistency" with the so-called "rescuer" cases (e.g., Henshaw v. Belyea (1934) 220 Cal. 458, 469 [2] [ 31 P.2d 348 ]; Hymes v. Pollock (1952) 108 Cal. App.2d 536, 538 [2] [ 238 P.2d 1056 ]).

1963The Council are agreed that the Caveat should go out, and the definite rule of non-liability should be stated." (Italics added.) [8] Recognition of this reality disposes of the argument, advanced by amici curiae, that the general rule of nonliability in the situation now before us should be abandoned in order to achieve "consistency" with the so-called "rescuer" cases (e.g., Henshaw v. Belyea (1934) 220 Cal. 458, 469 [2] [ 31 P.2d 348 ]; Hymes v. Pollock (1952) 108 Cal. App.2d 536, 538 [2] [ 238 P.2d 1056 ]).

11
Henshaw v. Belyeagreen
cal · 1934 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1963–1963
2 sentences

1963The Council are agreed that the Caveat should go out, and the definite rule of non-liability should be stated." (Italics added.) [8] Recognition of this reality disposes of the argument, advanced by amici curiae, that the general rule of nonliability in the situation now before us should be abandoned in order to achieve "consistency" with the so-called "rescuer" cases (e.g., Henshaw v. Belyea (1934) 220 Cal. 458, 469 [2] [ 31 P.2d 348 ]; Hymes v. Pollock (1952) 108 Cal. App.2d 536, 538 [2] [ 238 P.2d 1056 ]).

1963The Council are agreed that the Caveat should go out, and the definite rule of non-liability should be stated." (Italics added.) [8] Recognition of this reality disposes of the argument, advanced by amici curiae, that the general rule of nonliability in the situation now before us should be abandoned in order to achieve "consistency" with the so-called "rescuer" cases (e.g., Henshaw v. Belyea (1934) 220 Cal. 458, 469 [2] [ 31 P.2d 348 ]; Hymes v. Pollock (1952) 108 Cal. App.2d 536, 538 [2] [ 238 P.2d 1056 ]).

11
Lockwood v. LeSuregreen
calctapp · 1937 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1962–1962
2 sentences

1962This presumption is stated in Estate of Sweetman, 185 Cal. 27, 28 [ 195 P. 918 ], as follows: ‘A will last seen and known to have been in the possession of the decedent, which cannot be found after his death, will be presumed to have been detroyed by him and with an intention of revoking it, since the law always presumes in favor of the innocence of an act, and any other inference would involve a finding of a wrongful or fraudulent destruction of the will by a third person. ’ ” (Estate of LeSure, 21 Cal.App.2d 73, 80 [ 68 P.2d 313 ].) “It was established beyond question that the will was last

1962This presumption is stated in Estate of Sweetman, 185 Cal. 27, 28 [ 195 P. 918 ], as follows: ‘A will last seen and known to have been in the possession of the decedent, which cannot be found after his death, will be presumed to have been detroyed by him and with an intention of revoking it, since the law always presumes in favor of the innocence of an act, and any other inference would involve a finding of a wrongful or fraudulent destruction of the will by a third person. ’ ” (Estate of LeSure, 21 Cal.App.2d 73, 80 [ 68 P.2d 313 ].) “It was established beyond question that the will was last

11
Graner v. Hogsettgreen
calctapp · 1948 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1957–1957
2 sentences

1957(Bank of America v. Hill, 9 Cal.2d 495, 499 [ 71 P.2d 258 ]; Los Angeles Drug Co. v. Superior Court, 8 Cal.2d 71, 74 [ 63 P.2d 1124 ] ; Graner v. Hogsett, 84 Cal.App.2d 657, 661 [ 191 P.2d 497 ].) “ ‘According to the well established principles of law, where a wrongful act is both a tort and a breach of contract, the plaintiff may waive the tort and sue in contract.

1957(Bank of America v. Hill, 9 Cal.2d 495, 499 [ 71 P.2d 258 ]; Los Angeles Drug Co. v. Superior Court, 8 Cal.2d 71, 74 [ 63 P.2d 1124 ] ; Graner v. Hogsett, 84 Cal.App.2d 657, 661 [ 191 P.2d 497 ].) “ ‘According to the well established principles of law, where a wrongful act is both a tort and a breach of contract, the plaintiff may waive the tort and sue in contract.

11
Los Angeles Drug Co. v. Superior Courtgreen
cal · 1936 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1957–1957
2 sentences

1957(Bank of America v. Hill, 9 Cal.2d 495, 499 [ 71 P.2d 258 ]; Los Angeles Drug Co. v. Superior Court, 8 Cal.2d 71, 74 [ 63 P.2d 1124 ] ; Graner v. Hogsett, 84 Cal.App.2d 657, 661 [ 191 P.2d 497 ].) “ ‘According to the well established principles of law, where a wrongful act is both a tort and a breach of contract, the plaintiff may waive the tort and sue in contract.

1957(Bank of America v. Hill, 9 Cal.2d 495, 499 [ 71 P.2d 258 ]; Los Angeles Drug Co. v. Superior Court, 8 Cal.2d 71, 74 [ 63 P.2d 1124 ] ; Graner v. Hogsett, 84 Cal.App.2d 657, 661 [ 191 P.2d 497 ].) “ ‘According to the well established principles of law, where a wrongful act is both a tort and a breach of contract, the plaintiff may waive the tort and sue in contract.

11
Bank of America National Trust & Savings Ass'n v. Hillgreen
cal · 1937 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1957–1957
2 sentences

1957(Bank of America v. Hill, 9 Cal.2d 495, 499 [ 71 P.2d 258 ]; Los Angeles Drug Co. v. Superior Court, 8 Cal.2d 71, 74 [ 63 P.2d 1124 ] ; Graner v. Hogsett, 84 Cal.App.2d 657, 661 [ 191 P.2d 497 ].) “ ‘According to the well established principles of law, where a wrongful act is both a tort and a breach of contract, the plaintiff may waive the tort and sue in contract.

1957(Bank of America v. Hill, 9 Cal.2d 495, 499 [ 71 P.2d 258 ]; Los Angeles Drug Co. v. Superior Court, 8 Cal.2d 71, 74 [ 63 P.2d 1124 ] ; Graner v. Hogsett, 84 Cal.App.2d 657, 661 [ 191 P.2d 497 ].) “ ‘According to the well established principles of law, where a wrongful act is both a tort and a breach of contract, the plaintiff may waive the tort and sue in contract.

11
Estate of McNuttgreen
calctapp · 1940 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1949–1949
2 sentences

1949(Woodbine v. Van Horn, supra, 29 Cal.2d 95, 104 .) [7] Moreover, such determination accords with the rule that marriage settlement agreements must be strictly construed, for "it is a definite doctrine of the law that courts will not enlarge [their] language ... 'so as to deprive either spouse of such rights unless there is a clear and unmistakable intention to barter them away and to reach such conclusion the contract must not be of doubtful interpretation but must by express terms or by necessary implication, clearly so provide.' (Girard v. Girard, 29 N.M. 189 [ 221 P. 801 , 35 A.L.R. 1493 ].

1949(Woodbine v. Van Horn, supra, 29 Cal.2d 95, 104 .) [7] Moreover, such determination accords with the rule that marriage settlement agreements must be strictly construed, for "it is a definite doctrine of the law that courts will not enlarge [their] language ... 'so as to deprive either spouse of such rights unless there is a clear and unmistakable intention to barter them away and to reach such conclusion the contract must not be of doubtful interpretation but must by express terms or by necessary implication, clearly so provide.' (Girard v. Girard, 29 N.M. 189 [ 221 P. 801 , 35 A.L.R. 1493 ].

11
In Re City and County of San Franciscogreen
cal · 1923 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1943–1943
11
Gorman v. Taylorgreen
cal · 1926 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1937–1937
11
First Church of Christ v. Gilbertgreen
calctapp · 1934 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1937–1937
11
In Re Estate of Johnstongreen
cal · 1922 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1937–1937
11
Clark v. Bennettgreen
cal · 1899 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1931–1931
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (28)

CaseCitedYears
People v. Morgan green
cal · 2007
2 sentences

2018The Institute states in its opening appellate brief that although it "continues to contend that all of the grounds previously stated for the unconstitutionality of the Statute are meritorious, it wishes to focus this appeal on why its provisions are so vague as to render it unconstitutional on its face." Other specified exemptions include state and federal law enforcement activities (§ 2022, subd. (c)(1) ) and sale or possession for educational or scientific purposes by bona fide educational and scientific institutions. (§ 2022, subd. (c)(5).) In addition to holding that a criminal statute mus

2018The Institute states in its opening appellate brief that although it "continues to contend that all of the grounds previously stated for the unconstitutionality of the Statute are meritorious, it wishes to focus this appeal on why its provisions are so vague as to render it unconstitutional on its face." Other specified exemptions include state and federal law enforcement activities (§ 2022, subd. (c)(1) ) and sale or possession for educational or scientific purposes by bona fide educational and scientific institutions. (§ 2022, subd. (c)(5).) In addition to holding that a criminal statute mus

32018–2018
Evangelatos v. Superior Court green
cal · 1988
2 sentences

2018The Institute states in its opening appellate brief that although it "continues to contend that all of the grounds previously stated for the unconstitutionality of the Statute are meritorious, it wishes to focus this appeal on why its provisions are so vague as to render it unconstitutional on its face." Other specified exemptions include state and federal law enforcement activities (§ 2022, subd. (c)(1) ) and sale or possession for educational or scientific purposes by bona fide educational and scientific institutions. (§ 2022, subd. (c)(5).) In addition to holding that a criminal statute mus

2018The Institute states in its opening appellate brief that although it "continues to contend that all of the grounds previously stated for the unconstitutionality of the Statute are meritorious, it wishes to focus this appeal on why its provisions are so vague as to render it unconstitutional on its face." Other specified exemptions include state and federal law enforcement activities (§ 2022, subd. (c)(1) ) and sale or possession for educational or scientific purposes by bona fide educational and scientific institutions. (§ 2022, subd. (c)(5).) In addition to holding that a criminal statute mus

32018–2018
Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc. green
scotus · 1982
2 sentences

2018The Institute states in its opening appellate brief that although it "continues to contend that all of the grounds previously stated for the unconstitutionality of the Statute are meritorious, it wishes to focus this appeal on why its provisions are so vague as to render it unconstitutional on its face." Other specified exemptions include state and federal law enforcement activities (§ 2022, subd. (c)(1) ) and sale or possession for educational or scientific purposes by bona fide educational and scientific institutions. (§ 2022, subd. (c)(5).) In addition to holding that a criminal statute mus

2018The Institute states in its opening appellate brief that although it "continues to contend that all of the grounds previously stated for the unconstitutionality of the Statute are meritorious, it wishes to focus this appeal on why its provisions are so vague as to render it unconstitutional on its face." Other specified exemptions include state and federal law enforcement activities (§ 2022, subd. (c)(1) ) and sale or possession for educational or scientific purposes by bona fide educational and scientific institutions. (§ 2022, subd. (c)(5).) In addition to holding that a criminal statute mus

32018–2018
Johnson v. United States green
scotus · 2015
2 sentences

2018The Institute contends that the "vague in all its applications" standard is no longer good law in light of Johnson v. United States (2015) 576 U.S. ----, 135 S.Ct. 2551 , 192 L.Ed.2d 569 ( Johnson ).

2018The Institute contends that the "vague in all its applications" standard is no longer good law in light of Johnson v. United States (2015) 576 U.S. ----, 135 S.Ct. 2551 , 192 L.Ed.2d 569 ( Johnson ).

32018–2018
People v. Hall green
cal · 2017
2 sentences

2018(Hall, supra, 2 Cal.5th at p. 503 .)5 5 In addition to holding that a criminal statute must provide a definite standard of conduct for the public, law enforcement, and the ascertainment of guilt, the Morgan court also said that a statute is not unconstitutional if it is vague in some of its applications, but must instead be vague in all of its applications. ( Morgan, supra, 42 Cal.4th at pp. 605–606.) The genesis of this standard seems to lie in Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, Hoffman Estates (1982) 455 U.S. 489, 497 , which was cited for that proposition in Evangelatos v. Superior Court (1988) 4

2018(Hall, supra, 2 Cal.5th at p. 503 .)5 5 In addition to holding that a criminal statute must provide a definite standard of conduct for the public, law enforcement, and the ascertainment of guilt, the Morgan court also said that a statute is not unconstitutional if it is vague in some of its applications, but must instead be vague in all of its applications. ( Morgan, supra, 42 Cal.4th at pp. 605–606.) The genesis of this standard seems to lie in Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, Hoffman Estates (1982) 455 U.S. 489, 497 , which was cited for that proposition in Evangelatos v. Superior Court (1988) 4

22018–2018
Girard v. Girard green
nm · 1923
2 sentences

1949(Woodbine v. Van Horn, supra, 29 Cal.2d 95, 104 .) [7] Moreover, such determination accords with the rule that marriage settlement agreements must be strictly construed, for "it is a definite doctrine of the law that courts will not enlarge [their] language ... 'so as to deprive either spouse of such rights unless there is a clear and unmistakable intention to barter them away and to reach such conclusion the contract must not be of doubtful interpretation but must by express terms or by necessary implication, clearly so provide.' (Girard v. Girard, 29 N.M. 189 [ 221 P. 801 , 35 A.L.R. 1493 ].

1949(Woodbine v. Van Horn, supra, 29 Cal.2d 95, 104 .) [7] Moreover, such determination accords with the rule that marriage settlement agreements must be strictly construed, for "it is a definite doctrine of the law that courts will not enlarge [their] language ... 'so as to deprive either spouse of such rights unless there is a clear and unmistakable intention to barter them away and to reach such conclusion the contract must not be of doubtful interpretation but must by express terms or by necessary implication, clearly so provide.' (Girard v. Girard, 29 N.M. 189 [ 221 P. 801 , 35 A.L.R. 1493 ].

21940–1949
Kinoshita v. Horio green
calctapp · 1986
1 sentence

2014A definite rule is necessary to reduce both the temptation to file dilatory appeals and the compulsion to file protective ones.” (Kinoshita v. Horio (1986) 186 Cal.App.3d 959, 967-968 .) Because the trial court has yet to enter a final appealable judgment, we need not consider defendants’ contentions that plaintiffs have forfeited their statutory rights to file postjudgment motions for new trial and for judgment notwithstanding a verdict.

12014–2014
International Harvester Credit Corp. v. Ingram green
tennctapp · 1981
1 sentence

1983Bank of Arenzville (1980) 81 Ill.App.3d 199 [ 400 N.E.2d 1057, 1060 ]; International Harvester Credit v. Ingram (Tenn.App. 1981) 619 S.W.2d 134, 138 .) It should be noted that section 9504, subdivision (3) of the California code differs from Uniform Commercial Code, section 9-504, subdivision (3), in that the California Legislature in adopting the former set forth a specific time period for giving notice, while the latter requires only “reasonable notice.” The change was made in the California statute “to avoid controversy in each case as to whether the notice was reasonable by substituting a

11983–1983
Spillers v. First National Bank green
illappct · 1980
2 sentences

1983Bank of Arenzville (1980) 81 Ill.App.3d 199 [ 400 N.E.2d 1057, 1060 ]; International Harvester Credit v. Ingram (Tenn.App. 1981) 619 S.W.2d 134, 138 .) It should be noted that section 9504, subdivision (3) of the California code differs from Uniform Commercial Code, section 9-504, subdivision (3), in that the California Legislature in adopting the former set forth a specific time period for giving notice, while the latter requires only “reasonable notice.” The change was made in the California statute “to avoid controversy in each case as to whether the notice was reasonable by substituting a

1983Bank of Arenzville (1980) 81 Ill.App.3d 199 [ 400 N.E.2d 1057, 1060 ]; International Harvester Credit v. Ingram (Tenn.App. 1981) 619 S.W.2d 134, 138 .) It should be noted that section 9504, subdivision (3) of the California code differs from Uniform Commercial Code, section 9-504, subdivision (3), in that the California Legislature in adopting the former set forth a specific time period for giving notice, while the latter requires only “reasonable notice.” The change was made in the California statute “to avoid controversy in each case as to whether the notice was reasonable by substituting a

11983–1983
Campbell v. TALLADEGA CITY. BD. OF ED. green
alnd · 1981
2 sentences

1982Bd. of Ed., supra, 518 F.Supp. 47 , at p. 52), and the case law has not settled upon a definite standard.

1982Bd. of Ed., supra, 518 F.Supp. 47 , at p. 52), and the case law has not settled upon a definite standard.

11982–1982
Ralphs Grocery Co. v. Reimel green
cal · 1968
2 sentences

1971The same opinion notes, “The cost justification alluded to by plaintiffs could not be the obvious one that it is cheaper to sell in larger quantities, as section 4357 itself recognizes this saving, clearly defining the director’s authority in permissive terms only and prescribing a definite standard for the discount’s application.’’ (Id., second italics added.) Similarly in Ralphs Grocery Co. v. Reimel, supra, 69 Cal.2d 172 the court, in ruling that the rules governing the sale of beer could deal with the subject of quantity *446 discounts without any express reference thereto in the governing

1971The same opinion notes, “The cost justification alluded to by plaintiffs could not be the obvious one that it is cheaper to sell in larger quantities, as section 4357 itself recognizes this saving, clearly defining the director’s authority in permissive terms only and prescribing a definite standard for the discount’s application.’’ (Id., second italics added.) Similarly in Ralphs Grocery Co. v. Reimel, supra, 69 Cal.2d 172 the court, in ruling that the rules governing the sale of beer could deal with the subject of quantity *446 discounts without any express reference thereto in the governing

11971–1971
Bowman v. Williams green
md · 1933
2 sentences

1963The answer must be reached by balancing the social interests involved in order to ascertain how far defendant's duty and plaintiff's right may justly and expediently be extended.' ( Waube v. Warrington (1935) 216 Wis. 603 [ 258 N.W. 497, 501 ].) Cf. Resavage v. Davies (1952) 199 Md. 479 [ 86 A.2d 879 ], limiting, and in part, rejecting the earlier Maryland case of Bowman v. Williams (1933) 164 Md. 397 [ 165 A. 182 ], and citing Waube ; but see the dissenting opinion of Judge Markell in Resavage." [8] "The court, in King v. Phillips [1953] 1 Q.B. 429, dismissed an appeal from a ruling against a

1963The answer must be reached by balancing the social interests involved in order to ascertain how far defendant's duty and plaintiff's right may justly and expediently be extended.' ( Waube v. Warrington (1935) 216 Wis. 603 [ 258 N.W. 497, 501 ].) Cf. Resavage v. Davies (1952) 199 Md. 479 [ 86 A.2d 879 ], limiting, and in part, rejecting the earlier Maryland case of Bowman v. Williams (1933) 164 Md. 397 [ 165 A. 182 ], and citing Waube ; but see the dissenting opinion of Judge Markell in Resavage." [8] "The court, in King v. Phillips [1953] 1 Q.B. 429, dismissed an appeal from a ruling against a

11963–1963
Waube v. Warrington green
wis · 1935
2 sentences

1963The answer must be reached by balancing the social interests involved in order to ascertain how far defendant's duty and plaintiff's right may justly and expediently be extended.' ( Waube v. Warrington (1935) 216 Wis. 603 [ 258 N.W. 497, 501 ].) Cf. Resavage v. Davies (1952) 199 Md. 479 [ 86 A.2d 879 ], limiting, and in part, rejecting the earlier Maryland case of Bowman v. Williams (1933) 164 Md. 397 [ 165 A. 182 ], and citing Waube ; but see the dissenting opinion of Judge Markell in Resavage." [8] "The court, in King v. Phillips [1953] 1 Q.B. 429, dismissed an appeal from a ruling against a

1963The answer must be reached by balancing the social interests involved in order to ascertain how far defendant's duty and plaintiff's right may justly and expediently be extended.' ( Waube v. Warrington (1935) 216 Wis. 603 [ 258 N.W. 497, 501 ].) Cf. Resavage v. Davies (1952) 199 Md. 479 [ 86 A.2d 879 ], limiting, and in part, rejecting the earlier Maryland case of Bowman v. Williams (1933) 164 Md. 397 [ 165 A. 182 ], and citing Waube ; but see the dissenting opinion of Judge Markell in Resavage." [8] "The court, in King v. Phillips [1953] 1 Q.B. 429, dismissed an appeal from a ruling against a

11963–1963
Resavage v. Davies green
md · 1952
2 sentences

1963The answer must be reached by balancing the social interests involved in order to ascertain how far defendant's duty and plaintiff's right may justly and expediently be extended.' ( Waube v. Warrington (1935) 216 Wis. 603 [ 258 N.W. 497, 501 ].) Cf. Resavage v. Davies (1952) 199 Md. 479 [ 86 A.2d 879 ], limiting, and in part, rejecting the earlier Maryland case of Bowman v. Williams (1933) 164 Md. 397 [ 165 A. 182 ], and citing Waube ; but see the dissenting opinion of Judge Markell in Resavage." [8] "The court, in King v. Phillips [1953] 1 Q.B. 429, dismissed an appeal from a ruling against a

1963The answer must be reached by balancing the social interests involved in order to ascertain how far defendant's duty and plaintiff's right may justly and expediently be extended.' ( Waube v. Warrington (1935) 216 Wis. 603 [ 258 N.W. 497, 501 ].) Cf. Resavage v. Davies (1952) 199 Md. 479 [ 86 A.2d 879 ], limiting, and in part, rejecting the earlier Maryland case of Bowman v. Williams (1933) 164 Md. 397 [ 165 A. 182 ], and citing Waube ; but see the dissenting opinion of Judge Markell in Resavage." [8] "The court, in King v. Phillips [1953] 1 Q.B. 429, dismissed an appeal from a ruling against a

11963–1963
Holderby v. International Union of Operating Engineers green
cal · 1955
2 sentences

1956Whatever confusion there may have been in this state as to the right of a trade union member to appeal to the courts for redress from his union’s action, without first exhausting all remedies provided by its constitution and by-laws, such confusion has been resolved and a definite rule established in the recently decided Holderby v. International Union etc. Engineers, 45 Cal.2d 843 [ 291 P.2d 463 ].

1956Whatever confusion there may have been in this state as to the right of a trade union member to appeal to the courts for redress from his union’s action, without first exhausting all remedies provided by its constitution and by-laws, such confusion has been resolved and a definite rule established in the recently decided Holderby v. International Union etc. Engineers, 45 Cal.2d 843 [ 291 P.2d 463 ].

11956–1956
Swift v. Superior Court green
cal · 1952
2 sentences

1952In final argument Contestants shall open and close. ’ ’ The procedure agreed upon by the parties is substantially in accord with that prescribed by our Supreme Court in the very recent case of Swift v. Superior Court, 39 Cal.2d 358, at page 364 [ 247 P.2d 6 ], as follows: “In the interest of establishing a definite rule of procedure to be followed under such circumstances, we believe that it is appropriate for this court to declare that when a will is contested before probate and either party demands a jury trial of any issue as to which the right to a jury trial exists (Prob.

1952In final argument Contestants shall open and close. ’ ’ The procedure agreed upon by the parties is substantially in accord with that prescribed by our Supreme Court in the very recent case of Swift v. Superior Court, 39 Cal.2d 358, at page 364 [ 247 P.2d 6 ], as follows: “In the interest of establishing a definite rule of procedure to be followed under such circumstances, we believe that it is appropriate for this court to declare that when a will is contested before probate and either party demands a jury trial of any issue as to which the right to a jury trial exists (Prob.

11952–1952
Woodbine v. Van Horn green
cal · 1946
2 sentences

1949(Woodbine v. Van Horn, supra, 29 Cal.2d 95, 104 .) [7] Moreover, such determination accords with the rule that marriage settlement agreements must be strictly construed, for "it is a definite doctrine of the law that courts will not enlarge [their] language ... 'so as to deprive either spouse of such rights unless there is a clear and unmistakable intention to barter them away and to reach such conclusion the contract must not be of doubtful interpretation but must by express terms or by necessary implication, clearly so provide.' (Girard v. Girard, 29 N.M. 189 [ 221 P. 801 , 35 A.L.R. 1493 ].

1949(Wood bine v. Van Horn, supra, 29 Cal.2d 95, 104 .) Moreover, such determination accords with the rule that marriage settlement agreements must be strictly construed, for “it is a definite doctrine of the law that courts will not enlarge [their] language ... ‘so as to deprive either spouse of such rights unless there is a clear and unmistakable intention to barter them away and to reach such conclusion the contract must not be of doubtful interpretation but must by express terms or by necessary implication, clearly so provide. ’ (Girard v. Girard, 29 N.M. 189 [ 221 P. 801 , 35 A.L.R. 1493 ].)”

11949–1949
Linforth v. S.F. Gas and Electric Co. green
cal · 1909
2 sentences

1947(Linforth, v. S. F. Gas & Electric Co., 156 Cal. 58 [ 103 P. 320 , 19 Ann.Cas. 1230] ; De Fries v. Market St.

1947(Linforth, v. S. F. Gas & Electric Co., 156 Cal. 58 [ 103 P. 320 , 19 Ann.Cas. 1230] ; De Fries v. Market St.

11947–1947
People v. Mayne green
cal · 1897
11939–1939
People v. Walker green
cal · 1901
11939–1939
Bank of America National Trust & Savings Ass'n v. Allan green
calctapp · 1936
11937–1937
Mooney v. Superior Court green
calctapp · 1933
11935–1935
Marini v. Southern Pacific Co. neutral
cal · 1927
11931–1931
People v. Sánchez Bonilla neutral
prsupreme · 1940
11931–1931
Brecheen v. Riley green
cal · 1921
11927–1927
Riley v. Chambers green
· 1919
11927–1927
Miller & Lux Inc. v. Superior Court green
cal · 1923
11927–1927
Herbert v. Southern Pacific Co. green
cal · 1898
11907–1907

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CA § Cal. Government Code § 820.2 (4) CA § Cal. Government Code § 815.2 (3) CA § Cal. Penal Code § 653o (3) CFR § 50c.f.r.17.40 (3) USC § 16u.s.c.1531 (3) USC § 16u.s.c.1535 (3) USC § 18u.s.c.924 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

OH 128 (1930–2026) MA 62 (1950–2026) FL 50 (1943–2024) CA 31 (1907–2024) TX 29 (1916–2023) NY 25 (1881–2011) PA 20 (1900–2022) MO 19 (1903–1992) MN 18 (1895–2018) NJ 12 (1941–2024) MD 12 (1906–2004) IL 11 (1922–1994) GA 11 (1904–2014) MI 11 (1890–2022) CT 10 (1923–2000) IA 10 (1917–2021) LA 10 (1925–1982) IN 9 (1898–2003) WI 9 (1899–2021) AL 8 (1891–2007) AR 8 (1907–2009) AZ 8 (1938–2022) CO 8 (1914–2020) VA 7 (1928–2023) VT 7 (1899–2026) MT 6 (1909–1992) SD 6 (1894–2018) DE 6 (1953–2024) OK 6 (1930–1961) WA 5 (1937–2017) KY 5 (1911–1983) MS 5 (1930–2015) NE 5 (1933–2001) NM 4 (1938–1980) OR 4 (1943–1984) WY 4 (1908–1997) ID 4 (1924–2008) WV 3 (1918–1966) TN 3 (1940–1947) HI 2 (1934–1988) SC 2 (1964–2019) NV 2 (1949–2014) AK 2 (1972–2006) NC 2 (1907–1914) KS 2 (1897–1957)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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