given claim (Michigan) · Go Syfert
← Michigan issues

given claim in Michigan

83 Michigan opinions name it 2 courts 1970–2026 29 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Michigan courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (9)

CaseFollowedCited
In re Beatrice Rottenberg Living Trustgreen
michctapp · 2013 · cited in 12 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2015–2026
2 sentences

2026Under MCR 2.201(B)(1), “[a]n action must be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest . . . .” This Court has explained that “[a] real party in interest is one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be in another.” In re Beatrice Rottenberg Living Trust, 300 Mich App 339, 356 ; 833 NW2d 384 (2013).

2026Under MCR 2.201(B)(1), “[a]n action must be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest . . . .” This Court has explained that “[a] real party in interest is one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be in another.” In re Beatrice Rottenberg Living Trust, 300 Mich App 339, 356 ; 833 NW2d 384 (2013).

612
People v. Pollickgreen
mich · 1995 · cited in 2 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
2 sentences

2018The instruction note attendant to M Crim JI 3.12 states that the standard deadlocked jury instruction is “to be given when a jury returns from deliberation unable to reach a verdict.” -3- Whether an instruction substantially departs from the standard deadlocked jury instruction depends on whether the instruction has an “undue tendency of coercion,” which entails asking whether the given instruction could have “cause[d] a juror to abandon his conscientious dissent and defer[red] to the majority solely for the sake of reaching agreement?” Pollick, 448 Mich at 384 (quotation marks and citation om

2018The instruction note attendant to M Crim JI 3.12 states that the standard deadlocked jury instruction is “to be given when a jury returns from deliberation unable to reach a verdict.” -3- Whether an instruction substantially departs from the standard deadlocked jury instruction depends on whether the instruction has an “undue tendency of coercion,” which entails asking whether the given instruction could have “cause[d] a juror to abandon his conscientious dissent and defer[red] to the majority solely for the sake of reaching agreement?” Pollick, 448 Mich at 384 (quotation marks and citation om

22
City of Kalamazoo v. Richland Townshipgreen
michctapp · 1997 · cited in 4 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2005–2019
2 sentences

2019The real-party-in-interest rule “recognizes that litigation should be begun only by a party having an interest that will ensure sincere and vigorous advocacy.” City of Kalamazoo v Richland Twp, 221 Mich App 531, 534 ; 562 NW2d 237 (1997).

2019The real-party-in-interest rule “recognizes that litigation should be begun only by a party having an interest that will ensure sincere and vigorous advocacy.” City of Kalamazoo v Richland Twp, 221 Mich App 531, 534 ; 562 NW2d 237 (1997).

14
Cannon Township v. Rockford Public Schoolsgreen
michctapp · 2015 · cited in 2 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2024–2025
2 sentences

2025“A real party in interest is the one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be in another.” Cannon Twp, 311 Mich App at 412 (citation omitted).

2025Recall “[a] real party in interest is the one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be in another.” Cannon Twp, 311 Mich App at 412 (citation omitted).

12
People v. Guerragreen
mich · 2003 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024In order to preserve an instructional issue, the defendant must object before the jury deliberates, People v Gonzalez, 256 Mich App 212, 225 ; 663 NW2d 499 (2003), disapproved of on other grounds 469 Mich 966, 967 (2003), or request a given instruction, People v Sabin, 242 Mich App 656, 657 ; 620 NW2d 19 (2000), remanded on other grounds 459 Mich 924 (1998).

11
United States v. Georgegreen
ca1 · 2012 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
11
Murdock v. Higginsgreen
mich · 1997 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
United States v. Smithgreen
scotus · 1947 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
11
People v. Mooregreen
michctapp · 1972 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1974–1974
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Michigan. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (42)

CaseCitedYears
Barclae v. Zarb green
michctapp · 2013
2 sentences

2026A real party in interest “ ‘is one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim . . . .’ ” Farrar v Suburban -3- Mobility Auth for Regional Transp, 345 Mich App 482 , 482; 7 NW3d 80 (2023), quoting Barclae v Zarb, 300 Mich App 455, 483 ; 834 NW2d 100 (2013).

2026A real party in interest “ ‘is one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim . . . .’ ” Farrar v Suburban -3- Mobility Auth for Regional Transp, 345 Mich App 482 , 482; 7 NW3d 80 (2023), quoting Barclae v Zarb, 300 Mich App 455, 483 ; 834 NW2d 100 (2013).

112015–2026
Hofmann v. Auto Club Insurance green
michctapp · 1995
2 sentences

2025Finally, defendant argued that he was a real party in interest, relying upon Hoffman v Auto Club Ins Ass’n, 211 Mich App 55, 95 ; 535 NW2d 529 (1995), which says “[a] real party in interest is one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be in another.” Defendant argued that plaintiff’s assertion regarding the real party in interest was misplaced because he was not prosecuting a claim in the present case; rather, plaintiff was prosecuting the claim here, and defendant was prosecuting a claim in probate court to remove Robert Katkin as truste

2025Finally, defendant argued that he was a real party in interest, relying upon Hoffman v Auto Club Ins Ass’n, 211 Mich App 55, 95 ; 535 NW2d 529 (1995), which says “[a] real party in interest is one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be in another.” Defendant argued that plaintiff’s assertion regarding the real party in interest was misplaced because he was not prosecuting a claim in the present case; rather, plaintiff was prosecuting the claim here, and defendant was prosecuting a claim in probate court to remove Robert Katkin as truste

101997–2025
People v. Hardin green
mich · 1985
2 sentences

2018Relevant to the inquiry whether a given deadlocked jury instruction is unduly coercive is whether the trial court “required, or threatened to require, the jury to deliberate for an unreasonable length of time or for unreasonable intervals,” and whether the given instruction “calls for the jury, as part of its civic duty, to reach a unanimous verdict,” and indicates that “failure to reach a verdict constitutes a failure of purpose.” Hardin, 421 Mich at 316 .

2018Relevant to the inquiry whether a given deadlocked jury instruction is unduly coercive is whether the trial court “required, or threatened to require, the jury to deliberate for an unreasonable length of time or for unreasonable intervals,” and whether the given instruction “calls for the jury, as part of its civic duty, to reach a unanimous verdict,” and indicates that “failure to reach a verdict constitutes a failure of purpose.” Hardin, 421 Mich at 316 .

72016–2018
Pontiac Police & Fire Retiree Prefunded Group Health & Insurance Trust Board of Trustees v. City of Pontiac No 2 green
michctapp · 2015
2 sentences

2025“The real party in interest is a party who is vested with a right of action in a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be with another.” Pontiac Police & Fire, 309 Mich App at 621 .

2017“The real party in interest is a party who is vested with a right of action in a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be with another.” Id.

52017–2025
Blue Cross & Blue Shield v. Eaton Rapids Community Hospital green
michctapp · 1997
2 sentences

2024“Accordingly, a wrongful-death medical-malpractice action is governed by the statute of limitations and the accrual 1 “A real party in interest is one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be in another.” Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Mich v Eaton Rapids Community Hosp, 221 Mich App 301, 311 ; 561 NW2d 488 (1997). 2 This comports with the Estates and Protected Individuals Code (EPIC), MCL 700.1101 et seq., according to which, “to acquire the powers . . . of a decedent’s personal representative, a person must be appointed by the register o

2024“Accordingly, a wrongful-death medical-malpractice action is governed by the statute of limitations and the accrual 1 “A real party in interest is one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be in another.” Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Mich v Eaton Rapids Community Hosp, 221 Mich App 301, 311 ; 561 NW2d 488 (1997). 2 This comports with the Estates and Protected Individuals Code (EPIC), MCL 700.1101 et seq., according to which, “to acquire the powers . . . of a decedent’s personal representative, a person must be appointed by the register o

52005–2024
Lansing Schools Education Ass'n v. Lansing Board of Education green
mich · 2010
2 sentences

2023In Lansing Schs Ed Ass’n v Lansing Bd of Ed, 487 Mich 349, 372 ; 792 NW2d 686 (2010), our Supreme Court stated that “a litigant has standing whenever there is a legal cause of action.” The Court provided further guidance as follows: Where a cause of action is not provided at law, then a court should, in its discretion, determine whether a litigant has standing.

2013IV STANDING Our Supreme Court has stated that [t]he purpose of the standing doctrine is to assess whether a litigant’s interest in the issue is sufficient to “ensure sincere and vigorous advocacy.” Thus, the standing inquiry focuses on whether a litigant “is a proper party to request adjudication of a particular issue and not whether the issue itself is justiciable.” [Lansing Sch Ed Ass’n v Lansing Bd of Ed, 487 Mich 349, 355 ; 792 NW2d 686 (2010) (citations omitted).] A real party in interest is the one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim.

42013–2023
People v. Mungo green
mich · 2009
2 sentences

2023In Lansing Schs Ed Ass’n v Lansing Bd of Ed, 487 Mich 349, 372 ; 792 NW2d 686 (2010), our Supreme Court stated that “a litigant has standing whenever there is a legal cause of action.” The Court provided further guidance as follows: Where a cause of action is not provided at law, then a court should, in its discretion, determine whether a litigant has standing.

2013IV STANDING Our Supreme Court has stated that [t]he purpose of the standing doctrine is to assess whether a litigant’s interest in the issue is sufficient to “ensure sincere and vigorous advocacy.” Thus, the standing inquiry focuses on whether a litigant “is a proper party to request adjudication of a particular issue and not whether the issue itself is justiciable.” [Lansing Sch Ed Ass’n v Lansing Bd of Ed, 487 Mich 349, 355 ; 792 NW2d 686 (2010) (citations omitted).] A real party in interest is the one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim.

32013–2023
People v. Moldenhauer green
michctapp · 1995
2 sentences

2022Reversal for failure to give an instruction is required “only if the requested instruction: (1) is substantially correct; (2) was not substantially covered in the charge given to the jury; and (3) concerns an important point in the trial so that the failure to give it seriously impaired the defendant’s ability to effectively present a given defense.” People v Moldenhauer, 210 Mich App 158, 159 ; 533 NW2d 9 (1995).

2022Reversal for failure to give an instruction is required “only if the requested instruction: (1) is substantially correct; (2) was not substantially covered in the charge given to the jury; and (3) concerns an important point in the trial so that the failure to give it seriously impaired the defendant’s ability to effectively present a given defense.” People v Moldenhauer, 210 Mich App 158, 159 ; 533 NW2d 9 (1995).

32001–2022
People v. Sabin green
michctapp · 2000
2 sentences

2024In order to preserve an instructional issue, the defendant must object before the jury deliberates, People v Gonzalez, 256 Mich App 212, 225 ; 663 NW2d 499 (2003), disapproved of on other grounds 469 Mich 966, 967 (2003), or request a given instruction, People v Sabin, 242 Mich App 656, 657 ; 620 NW2d 19 (2000), remanded on other grounds 459 Mich 924 (1998).

2024In order to preserve an instructional issue, the defendant must object before the jury deliberates, People v Gonzalez, 256 Mich App 212, 225 ; 663 NW2d 499 (2003), disapproved of on other grounds 469 Mich 966, 967 (2003), or request a given instruction, People v Sabin, 242 Mich App 656, 657 ; 620 NW2d 19 (2000), remanded on other grounds 459 Mich 924 (1998).

22021–2024
Moses, Inc v. Southeast Michigan Council of Governments green
michctapp · 2006
2 sentences

2023“A real party in interest is one who is vested with a right of action in a given claim although the beneficial interest may be with another.” Moses, Inc v Southeastern Mich Council of Gov’ts, 270 Mich App 401, 416 ; 716 NW2d 278 (2006).

2023“A real party in interest is one who is vested with a right of action in a given claim although the beneficial interest may be with another.” Moses, Inc v Southeastern Mich Council of Gov’ts, 270 Mich App 401, 416 ; 716 NW2d 278 (2006).

22014–2023
Rohde v. Ann Arbor Public School green
michctapp · 2005
2 sentences

2019“A real party in interest is one who is vested with a right of action in a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be with another.” Id.

2006“A real party in interest is one who is vested with a right of action in a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be with another.” Rohde v Arm Arbor Pub Schools, 265 Mich App 702, 705 ; 698 NW2d 402 (2005).

22006–2019
Henderson v. Kibbe green
scotus · 1977
2 sentences

2018“An omission, or an incomplete instruction, is less likely to be prejudicial than a misstatement of the law.” Henderson v Kibbe, 431 US 145, 155 ; 97 S Ct 1730 ; 52 L Ed 2d 203 (1977).

2018“An omission, or an incomplete instruction, is less likely to be prejudicial than a misstatement of the law.” Henderson v Kibbe, 431 US 145, 155 ; 97 S Ct 1730 ; 52 L Ed 2d 203 (1977).

22018–2018
Detroit Fire Fighters Ass'n v. City of Detroit green
mich · 1995
2 sentences

2013Kalamazoo, 221 Mich App at 534 , citing Hofmann v Auto Club Ins Ass’n, 211 Mich App 55, 96 ; 535 NW2d 529 (1995). “ ‘Standing does not address the ultimate merits of the substantive claims of the parties.’ ” Lansing Sch Ed Ass’n, 487 Mich at 357 , quoting Detroit Fire Fighters Ass’n v Detroit, 449 Mich 629, 633 ; 537 NW2d 436 (1995).

2013Kalamazoo, 221 Mich App at 534 , citing Hofmann v Auto Club Ins Ass’n, 211 Mich App 55, 96 ; 535 NW2d 529 (1995). “ ‘Standing does not address the ultimate merits of the substantive claims of the parties.’ ” Lansing Sch Ed Ass’n, 487 Mich at 357 , quoting Detroit Fire Fighters Ass’n v Detroit, 449 Mich 629, 633 ; 537 NW2d 436 (1995).

22013–2013
Shields v. Reddo neutral
mich · 1989
2 sentences

1997Because Michigan procedural rules are generally modeled after federal rules, Shields v Reddo, 432 Mich 761, 784 ; 443 NW2d 145 (1989), in the absence of state authority, this Court may properly look to comparable federal rules and cases interpreting those rules to ascertain the intent of a given state rule.

1997Because Michigan procedural rules are generally modeled after federal rules, Shields v Reddo, 432 Mich 761, 784 ; 443 NW2d 145 (1989), in the absence of state authority, this Court may properly look to comparable federal rules and cases interpreting those rules to ascertain the intent of a given state rule.

21995–1997
Brewster v. Martin Marietta Aluminum Sales, Inc green
michctapp · 1981
2 sentences

1995Michigan rules of procedure and evidence are generally modeled after the federal rules, Shields v Reddo, 432 Mich 761, 784 ; 443 NW2d 145 (1989), and, in the absence of state authority, this Court may properly look to comparable federal rules (and cases interpreting those rules) to ascertain the intent of a given state rule, Brewster v Martin Marietta Aluminum Sales, Inc, 107 Mich App 639, 643 ; 309 NW2d 687 (1981).

1995Michigan rules of procedure and evidence are generally modeled after the federal rules, Shields v Reddo, 432 Mich 761, 784 ; 443 NW2d 145 (1989), and, in the absence of state authority, this Court may properly look to comparable federal rules (and cases interpreting those rules) to ascertain the intent of a given state rule, Brewster v Martin Marietta Aluminum Sales, Inc, 107 Mich App 639, 643 ; 309 NW2d 687 (1981).

21995–1997
Stephenson v. Golden green
mich · 1937
2 sentences

1995Stephenson v Golden, 279 Mich 710, 766 ; 276 NW 849 (1937); Michigan Nat'l Bank v Mudgett, 178 Mich App 677, 679 ; 444 NW2d 534 (1989).

1987Stephenson v Golden, 279 Mich 710, 766 ; 276 NW2d 849 (1937).

21987–1995
Stillman v. Goldfarb green
michctapp · 1988
2 sentences

1991Stillman v Goldfarb, 172 Mich App 231, 237 ; 431 NW2d 247 (1988).

1991Stillman v Goldfarb, 172 Mich App 231, 237 ; 431 NW2d 247 (1988).

21989–1991
John Gleason v. William Scott Kincaid green
michctapp · 2018
1 sentence

2026The gravamen, or true essence, of a given claim is also a question of law, see Pugno v Blue Harvest Farms LLC, 326 Mich App 1, 11 ; 930 NW2d 393 (2018), as is “whether equitable relief is proper” under a given set of circumstances, Gleason, 323 Mich App at 317 .

12026–2026
John Pugno v. Blue Harvest Farms LLC green
michctapp · 2018
2 sentences

2026The gravamen, or true essence, of a given claim is also a question of law, see Pugno v Blue Harvest Farms LLC, 326 Mich App 1, 11 ; 930 NW2d 393 (2018), as is “whether equitable relief is proper” under a given set of circumstances, Gleason, 323 Mich App at 317 .

2026The gravamen, or true essence, of a given claim is also a question of law, see Pugno v Blue Harvest Farms LLC, 326 Mich App 1, 11 ; 930 NW2d 393 (2018), as is “whether equitable relief is proper” under a given set of circumstances, Gleason, 323 Mich App at 317 .

12026–2026
People v. Gonzalez green
michctapp · 2003
2 sentences

2024In order to preserve an instructional issue, the defendant must object before the jury deliberates, People v Gonzalez, 256 Mich App 212, 225 ; 663 NW2d 499 (2003), disapproved of on other grounds 469 Mich 966, 967 (2003), or request a given instruction, People v Sabin, 242 Mich App 656, 657 ; 620 NW2d 19 (2000), remanded on other grounds 459 Mich 924 (1998).

2024In order to preserve an instructional issue, the defendant must object before the jury deliberates, People v Gonzalez, 256 Mich App 212, 225 ; 663 NW2d 499 (2003), disapproved of on other grounds 469 Mich 966, 967 (2003), or request a given instruction, People v Sabin, 242 Mich App 656, 657 ; 620 NW2d 19 (2000), remanded on other grounds 459 Mich 924 (1998).

12024–2024
Maldonado v. Ford Motor Co. green
mich · 2006
1 sentence

2024“A real party in interest is the one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be in another.” Id. (quotation marks and citation omitted).

12024–2024
Bush v. Beemer green
michctapp · 1997
2 sentences

2023“Because Michigan procedural rules are generally modeled after federal rules, in the absence of state authority, this Court may properly look to comparable federal rules and cases interpreting those rules to ascertain the intent of a given state rule.” Bush v Beemer, 224 Mich App 457, 461 ; 569 NW2d 636 (1997) (citations omitted).

2023“Because Michigan procedural rules are generally modeled after federal rules, in the absence of state authority, this Court may properly look to comparable federal rules and cases interpreting those rules to ascertain the intent of a given state rule.” Bush v Beemer, 224 Mich App 457, 461 ; 569 NW2d 636 (1997) (citations omitted).

12023–2023
Burkhardt v. Bailey green
michctapp · 2004
1 sentence

2023“A real party in interest is the one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be in another.” Id. (quotation marks and citation omitted).

12023–2023
Schwab v. Reilly green
scotus · 2010
2 sentences

2020“When a debtor files a Chapter 7 bankruptcy petition, all of the debtor’s assets become property of the bankruptcy estate, see 11 USC § 541 , subject to the debtor’s right to reclaim certain property as ‘exempt,’ § 522(l).” Schwab v Reilly, 560 US 770, 774 ; 130 S Ct 2652 ; 177 L Ed 2d 234 (2010).

2020“When a debtor files a Chapter 7 bankruptcy petition, all of the debtor’s assets become property of the bankruptcy estate, see 11 USC § 541 , subject to the debtor’s right to reclaim certain property as ‘exempt,’ § 522(l).” Schwab v Reilly, 560 US 770, 774 ; 130 S Ct 2652 ; 177 L Ed 2d 234 (2010).

12020–2020
Miller v. Chapman Contracting green
mich · 2007
2 sentences

2020“A real party in interest is one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be in another.” Miller v Chapman Contracting, 477 Mich 102, 106 ; 730 NW2d 462 (2007) (quotation marks and citations omitted).

2020“A real party in interest is one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be in another.” Miller v Chapman Contracting, 477 Mich 102, 106 ; 730 NW2d 462 (2007) (quotation marks and citations omitted).

12020–2020
In Re Hatcher red
mich · 1993
12019–2019
Neal v. Oakwood Hospital Corp. green
michctapp · 1998
12019–2019
People v. Putman green
michctapp · 2015
12019–2019
Kincaid v. Cardwell green
michctapp · 2013
12016–2016
Rite-Way Refuse Disposal, Inc v. Vanderploeg green
michctapp · 1987
12013–2013
James E. Williams v. Keith Langston, Adrienne Johnson, L. Clarizio, and R. Farkas green
ca7 · 1997
11998–1998
Zinermon v. Burch green
scotus · 1990
11998–1998
People v. Mehall neutral
michctapp · 1995
11995–1995
Michigan National Bank v. Mudgett green
michctapp · 1989
11995–1995
United States v. Martin Linen Supply Co. green
scotus · 1977
11995–1995
Meretta v. Peach green
michctapp · 1992
11993–1993
Weston v. Dowty green
michctapp · 1987
11988–1988
Nemes v. Smith green
michctapp · 1971
11981–1981
People v. Adams green
mich · 1973
11976–1976
People v. Samuel Lee green
michctapp · 1975
11976–1976

Statutes the citing opinions construe

MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.3101 (11) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.3145 (10) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.3112 (8) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 700.1101 (8) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.3107 (7) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 600.2041 (7) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.227b (7) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 769.12 (6) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 700.1302 (5) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.224f (5) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 700.1105 (4) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 700.1303 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 232 (1948–2025) CA 156 (1909–2026) IL 83 (1890–2024) MI 83 (1970–2026) NM 50 (1914–2026) MO 40 (1907–2024) WV 36 (1981–2026) OR 31 (1921–2024) KY 30 (1912–2025) AZ 30 (1981–2024) FL 28 (1907–2019) MS 26 (1895–2020) WA 24 (1959–2025) GA 23 (1917–2023) WI 23 (1982–2025) IN 23 (1969–2024) PA 22 (1910–2026) NV 18 (1962–2022) MA 18 (1941–2026) OH 15 (1991–2017) NJ 14 (1906–2026) MD 13 (1979–2021) CO 13 (1965–2026) KS 13 (1979–2026) NY 13 (1898–2021) ID 13 (1904–2022) MT 13 (1930–2025) UT 12 (1956–2026) CT 12 (1991–2022) AK 11 (1972–2019) NC 11 (1919–2026) SD 11 (1911–2016) OK 11 (1908–2006) ME 10 (1942–2023) WY 9 (1975–2019) RI 8 (1996–2012) NE 7 (1909–2023) AR 6 (1936–2021) VA 6 (1986–2025) IA 5 (1930–2016) DC 5 (1988–2021) TN 5 (2006–2015) SC 4 (1929–2010) DE 4 (1984–2024) AL 4 (1907–1984) ND 3 (1910–2008) MN 3 (1993–2026) NH 3 (2011–2015) VI 2 (2015–2023)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check