field test in Michigan

2022We additionally note that this issue would normally be reviewed for clear error, see People v Mullen, 282 Mich App 14, 22 ; 762 NW2d 170 (2008), but that because the administrative law judge failed to rule on the issue it now presents a question of law that should be reviewed de novo, see Hecht v Nat’l Heritage Academies, Inc, 499 Mich 586, 605 ; 886 NW2d 135 (2016); Smith v Foerster-Bolser Constr, Inc, 269 Mich App 424, 427 ; 711 NW2d 421 (2006).

2022We additionally note that this issue would normally be reviewed for clear error, see People v Mullen, 282 Mich App 14, 22 ; 762 NW2d 170 (2008), but that because the administrative law judge failed to rule on the issue it now presents a question of law that should be reviewed de novo, see Hecht v Nat’l Heritage Academies, Inc, 499 Mich 586, 605 ; 886 NW2d 135 (2016); Smith v Foerster-Bolser Constr, Inc, 269 Mich App 424, 427 ; 711 NW2d 421 (2006).

2022We additionally note that this issue would normally be reviewed for clear error, see People v Mullen, 282 Mich App 14, 22 ; 762 NW2d 170 (2008), but that because the administrative law judge failed to rule on the issue it now presents a question of law that should be reviewed de novo, see Hecht v Nat’l Heritage Academies, Inc, 499 Mich 586, 605 ; 886 NW2d 135 (2016); Smith v Foerster-Bolser Constr, Inc, 269 Mich App 424, 427 ; 711 NW2d 421 (2006).

2022We additionally note that this issue would normally be reviewed for clear error, see People v Mullen, 282 Mich App 14, 22 ; 762 NW2d 170 (2008), but that because the administrative law judge failed to rule on the issue it now presents a question of law that should be reviewed de novo, see Hecht v Nat’l Heritage Academies, Inc, 499 Mich 586, 605 ; 886 NW2d 135 (2016); Smith v Foerster-Bolser Constr, Inc, 269 Mich App 424, 427 ; 711 NW2d 421 (2006).

2022We additionally note that this issue would normally be reviewed for clear error, see People v Mullen, 282 Mich App 14, 22 ; 762 NW2d 170 (2008), but that because the administrative law judge failed to rule on the issue it now presents a question of law that should be reviewed de novo, see Hecht v Nat’l Heritage Academies, Inc, 499 Mich 586, 605 ; 886 NW2d 135 (2016); Smith v Foerster-Bolser Constr, Inc, 269 Mich App 424, 427 ; 711 NW2d 421 (2006).

2022We additionally note that this issue would normally be reviewed for clear error, see People v Mullen, 282 Mich App 14, 22 ; 762 NW2d 170 (2008), but that because the administrative law judge failed to rule on the issue it now presents a question of law that should be reviewed de novo, see Hecht v Nat’l Heritage Academies, Inc, 499 Mich 586, 605 ; 886 NW2d 135 (2016); Smith v Foerster-Bolser Constr, Inc, 269 Mich App 424, 427 ; 711 NW2d 421 (2006).

2018See Campau v. Dewey , 9 Mich. 381 , 414 (1861) ("By this course of inquiry, the plaintiffs had made the identity of all the reservees a question in some degree pertinent to the case, if indeed it were not so before; and opened this whole field of inquiry to cross-examination by the defendants; for, if the plaintiffs could inquire into the names and family connections of the various reservees, for the purpose of strengthening the inference of identity, and to gain a higher degree of credit for their witness, by showing extensive familiarity with, and a clear memory of the facts, the defendants

2018See Campau v. Dewey , 9 Mich. 381 , 414 (1861) ("By this course of inquiry, the plaintiffs had made the identity of all the reservees a question in some degree pertinent to the case, if indeed it were not so before; and opened this whole field of inquiry to cross-examination by the defendants; for, if the plaintiffs could inquire into the names and family connections of the various reservees, for the purpose of strengthening the inference of identity, and to gain a higher degree of credit for their witness, by showing extensive familiarity with, and a clear memory of the facts, the defendants

2018See Campau v. Dewey , 9 Mich. 381 , 414 (1861) ("By this course of inquiry, the plaintiffs had made the identity of all the reservees a question in some degree pertinent to the case, if indeed it were not so before; and opened this whole field of inquiry to cross-examination by the defendants; for, if the plaintiffs could inquire into the names and family connections of the various reservees, for the purpose of strengthening the inference of identity, and to gain a higher degree of credit for their witness, by showing extensive familiarity with, and a clear memory of the facts, the defendants

2018See Campau v. Dewey , 9 Mich. 381 , 414 (1861) ("By this course of inquiry, the plaintiffs had made the identity of all the reservees a question in some degree pertinent to the case, if indeed it were not so before; and opened this whole field of inquiry to cross-examination by the defendants; for, if the plaintiffs could inquire into the names and family connections of the various reservees, for the purpose of strengthening the inference of identity, and to gain a higher degree of credit for their witness, by showing extensive familiarity with, and a clear memory of the facts, the defendants

2013As noted earlier by the Michigan Supreme Court in addressing a habeas corpus proceeding challenging an extradition, “Manifestly the field of inquiry into which the courts may enter is very much circumscribed.” In re Ray, 215 Mich 156, 162 ; 183 NW 774 (1921).

2013As noted earlier by the Michigan Supreme Court in addressing a habeas corpus proceeding challenging an extradition, “Manifestly the field of inquiry into which the courts may enter is very much circumscribed.” In re Ray, 215 Mich 156, 162 ; 183 NW 774 (1921).

2008In Ryan, supra at 27-28 , our Supreme Court set forth the following principles that govern preemption analysis: The doctrine of federal preemption has its origin in the Supremacy Clause of article VI, cl 2, of the United States Constitution, which declares that the laws of the United States “shall be the supreme Law of the Land .. ..” Where the principles of federal preemption apply, state courts are deprived of subject matter jurisdiction.

2008We are aware of no other investigative procedure that is so limited both in the manner in which the information is obtained and in the content of the information revealed by the procedure. [Id. at 707.] The Supreme Court reaffirmed the Place Court’s holding in Jacobsen, supra. In Jacobsen, supra at 123 , the Court held that a chemical field test of a white substance found inside a package was not a Fourth Amendment search because the test “merely discloses whether or not a particular substance is cocaine . .. .” Because there is no legitimate interest in possessing cocaine, the field test did

2008We are aware of no other investigative procedure that is so limited both in the manner in which the information is obtained and in the content of the information revealed by the procedure. [Id. at 707.] The Supreme Court reaffirmed the Place Court’s holding in Jacobsen, supra. In Jacobsen, supra at 123 , the Court held that a chemical field test of a white substance found inside a package was not a Fourth Amendment search because the test “merely discloses whether or not a particular substance is cocaine . .. .” Because there is no legitimate interest in possessing cocaine, the field test did

1975While it is true that an affidavit may be based on the hearsay reports of others, Brinegar v United States, 338 US 160, 172-173 ; 69 S Ct 1302 ; 93 L Ed 1879 (1949), such hearsay can be accepted by the magistrate only if there is reason to believe it.

1975While it is true that an affidavit may be based on the hearsay reports of others, Brinegar v United States, 338 US 160, 172-173 ; 69 S Ct 1302 ; 93 L Ed 1879 (1949), such hearsay can be accepted by the magistrate only if there is reason to believe it.