English rule (Texas) · Go Syfert
← Texas issues

English rule in Texas

58 Texas opinions name it 3 courts 1855–2024 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (23)

CaseFollowedCited
Ed Rachal Foundation v. D'UNGERgreen
tex · 2006 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2017
2 sentences

2009Cmty. Supervision , 92 S.W.3d at 487 (holding that memo given to employee at time of hiring setting out her per-month salary through the next year, including pay raises, and stating that the salary figures “are contingent upon your future performance evaluations and available county funding” did not unequivocally indicate employer’s intent to be bound not to terminate the employment except under clearly specified circumstances); see also Ed Rachal Found. v. D'Unger , 207 S.W.3d 330 , 331–32 (Tex. 2006) (noting that it had rejected the “so-called ‘English rule’ that hiring an employee at a stat

2009Cmty. Supervision, 92 S.W.3d at 487 (holding that memo given to employee at time of hiring setting out her per- month salary through the next year, including pay raises, and stating that the salary figures “are contingent upon your future performance evaluations and available county funding” did not unequivocally indicate employer’s intent to be bound not to terminate the employment except under clearly specified circumstances); see also Ed Rachal Found. v. D'Unger, 207 S.W.3d 330 , 331–32 (Tex. 2006) (noting that it had rejected the “so-called ‘English rule’ that hiring an employee at a state

33
Midland Judicial District Community Supervision & Corrections Department v. Jonesgreen
tex · 2002 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2009
2 sentences

2009Cmty. Supervision , 92 S.W.3d at 487 (holding that memo given to employee at time of hiring setting out her per-month salary through the next year, including pay raises, and stating that the salary figures “are contingent upon your future performance evaluations and available county funding” did not unequivocally indicate employer’s intent to be bound not to terminate the employment except under clearly specified circumstances); see also Ed Rachal Found. v. D'Unger , 207 S.W.3d 330 , 331–32 (Tex. 2006) (noting that it had rejected the “so-called ‘English rule’ that hiring an employee at a stat

2009Cmty. Supervision, 92 S.W.3d at 487 (holding that memo given to employee at time of hiring setting out her per- month salary through the next year, including pay raises, and stating that the salary figures “are contingent upon your future performance evaluations and available county funding” did not unequivocally indicate employer’s intent to be bound not to terminate the employment except under clearly specified circumstances); see also Ed Rachal Found. v. D'Unger, 207 S.W.3d 330 , 331–32 (Tex. 2006) (noting that it had rejected the “so-called ‘English rule’ that hiring an employee at a state

33
Smith v. Bashamgreen
texapp · 1950 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013Co., 344 S.W.3d 378 , 382 & n.8 (Tex. 2011) (contrasting the ―American Rule for the award of attorney‘s fees, under which attorney‘s fees are recoverable in a suit only if permitted by statute or by contract,‖ with the ―English Rule, in which a court may award attorney‘s fees to the prevailing party in a suit‖); Java Oil Ltd., 86 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 185 (―The English rule is that generally the loser must pay the winner‘s attorneys fees.‖). 63 See Smith v. Basham, 227 S.W.2d 853, 857 (Tex. Civ.

2013Co., 344 S.W.3d 378 , 382 & n.8 (Tex. 2011) (contrasting the ―American Rule for the award of attorney‘s fees, under which attorney‘s fees are recoverable in a suit only if permitted by statute or by contract,‖ with the ―English Rule, in which a court may award attorney‘s fees to the prevailing party in a suit‖); Java Oil Ltd., 86 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 185 (―The English rule is that generally the loser must pay the winner‘s attorneys fees.‖). 63 See Smith v. Basham, 227 S.W.2d 853, 857 (Tex. Civ.

22
Java Oil Ltd. v. Sullivangreen
calctapp · 2008 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013Co., 344 S.W.3d 378 , 382 & n.8 (Tex. 2011) (contrasting the ―American Rule for the award of attorney‘s fees, under which attorney‘s fees are recoverable in a suit only if permitted by statute or by contract,‖ with the ―English Rule, in which a court may award attorney‘s fees to the prevailing party in a suit‖); Java Oil Ltd., 86 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 185 (―The English rule is that generally the loser must pay the winner‘s attorneys fees.‖). 63 See Smith v. Basham, 227 S.W.2d 853, 857 (Tex. Civ.

2013Co., 344 S.W.3d 378 , 382 & n.8 (Tex. 2011) (contrasting the ―American Rule for the award of attorney‘s fees, under which attorney‘s fees are recoverable in a suit only if permitted by statute or by contract,‖ with the ―English Rule, in which a court may award attorney‘s fees to the prevailing party in a suit‖); Java Oil Ltd., 86 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 185 (―The English rule is that generally the loser must pay the winner‘s attorneys fees.‖). 63 See Smith v. Basham, 227 S.W.2d 853, 857 (Tex. Civ.

22
Thomas and Agnes Carvel Foundation v. Carvelgreen
nysd · 2010 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013App. P. 38.1(i). 30 all of our research indicates the contrary and that the U.K.‘s use of the English rule simply reflects a different public policy decision.66 Furthermore, other courts construing similar statutes have stated that whether a judgment is penal in nature for purposes of determining whether to recognize a foreign judgment ―depends upon the question [of] whether its purpose is to punish an offense against the public justice of the state, or to afford a private remedy to a person injured by the wrongful act.‖67 NHIC has provided us with nothing from which we could conclude that cos

2013App. P. 38.1(i). 30 all of our research indicates the contrary and that the U.K.‘s use of the English rule simply reflects a different public policy decision.66 Furthermore, other courts construing similar statutes have stated that whether a judgment is penal in nature for purposes of determining whether to recognize a foreign judgment ―depends upon the question [of] whether its purpose is to punish an offense against the public justice of the state, or to afford a private remedy to a person injured by the wrongful act.‖67 NHIC has provided us with nothing from which we could conclude that cos

22
Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance, Ltd. v. English China Clays, P.L.C.green
tex · 1991 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
2 sentences

1995See also Guardian Royal , 815 S.W.2d at 233 (holding that Texas could not assert jurisdiction over an English defendant because this state had only a minimal interest in adjudicating suit brought by an English plaintiff).

1995See also Guardian Royal, 815 S.W.2d at 233 (holding that Texas could not assert jurisdiction over an English defendant because this state had only a minimal interest in adjudicating suit brought by an English plaintiff).

22
Houston & Texas Central Railroad v. Eastgreen
tex · 1904 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1953–2001
2 sentences

2001Co. v. East, the supreme court held that the owner of land is the “absolute” owner of the soil and of the percolating water, which it described as “part of, and not different from, the soil.” 98 Tex. 146 , 81 S.W. 279, 281 (1904) (adopting English rule of “absolute ownership” of underground water by the surface owner of land); see also Friendswood Dev.

2001Co. v. East, the supreme court held that the owner of land is the “absolute” owner of the soil and of the percolating water, which it described as “part of, and not different from, the soil.” 98 Tex. 146 , 81 S.W. 279, 281 (1904) (adopting English rule of “absolute ownership” of underground water by the surface owner of land); see also Friendswood Dev.

14
City of Corpus Christi v. City of Pleasantongreen
tex · 1955 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1977–1978
2 sentences

1978At a time when the trend in other jurisdictions was away from the English rule and toward the "reasonable use" rule, the English rule was reaffirmed by this Court in City of Corpus Christi v. City of Pleasanton, 154 Tex. 289 , 276 S.W.2d 798 (1955).

1978At a time when the trend in other jurisdictions was away from the English rule and toward the "reasonable use" rule, the English rule was reaffirmed by this Court in City of Corpus Christi v. City of Pleasanton, 154 Tex. 289 , 276 S.W.2d 798 (1955).

12
K-Mart Corp. v. Honeycuttgreen
tex · 2000 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024The court noted that a jury would be able to observe photographs and hear testimony about prior falls or complaints about the walkway surface, and from that evidence, it “would have been able to form its own conclusion about whether the walkway posed an unreasonable risk of harm.” Id. at 766 (citing K-Mart Corp. v. Honeycutt, 24 S.W.3d 357, 361 (Tex. 2000)). 10 Peterson argues the case is more akin to Barrera v. HEB Grocery Co., L.P., No. 04-15-00152-CV, 2016 WL 4013821 (Tex. App.—San Antonio July 27, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.), yet another slip-and-fall case involving English’s expert testimon

11
Batson v. Kentuckygreen
scotus · 1986 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021A. Standard of Review and Applicable Law In Batson v. Kentucky, the United States Supreme Court held that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits a prosecutor from exercising peremptory strikes solely on the basis of the potential juror’s race. 476 U.S. 79, 89 (1986); see Nieto v. State, 365 S.W.3d 673, 675 (Tex. Crim.

11
Nieto v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2012 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021A. Standard of Review and Applicable Law In Batson v. Kentucky, the United States Supreme Court held that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits a prosecutor from exercising peremptory strikes solely on the basis of the potential juror’s race. 476 U.S. 79, 89 (1986); see Nieto v. State, 365 S.W.3d 673, 675 (Tex. Crim.

11
Superior Crewboats, Inc. v. Primary P & I Underwritersgreen
ca5 · 2004 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Parker v. Wendy's International, Inc.green
ca11 · 2004 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Moore v. Office of the Attorney Generalgreen
texapp · 1991 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
1 sentence

2009Gen. , 820 S.W.2d 874, 877 (Tex. App.—Austin 1991, no writ) (holding that trial judge was free to reject Moore's affidavit testimony that the Attorney General’s Office “made certain representations to her,” without specifying who made the representations and noting that even assuming that some individual at the Office entered into an oral agreement with Moore, she failed to introduce evidence of that individual’s authority to enter into such an agreement on behalf of the Office). 14: See, e.g. , Tex. Rev.

11
Greenhalgh v. Service Lloyds Insurance Co.green
tex · 1990 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
The Bremen v. Zapata Off-Shore Co.red
scotus · 1972 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
Friendswood Development Co. v. Smith-Southwest Industries, Inc.green
tex · 1978 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
11
Winograd v. Willisgreen
texapp · 1990 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11
Massey v. Houston Baptist Universitygreen
texapp · 1995 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11
Ronnie Loper Chevrolet-Geo, Inc. v. Hageygreen
texapp · 1999 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11
Continental Casualty Company v. Thomasgreen
texapp · 1971 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1984–1984
11
State v. Deetzgreen
wis · 1974 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1977–1977
11
Wills v. Manufacturers N. Gas Co.green
pa · 1889 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1959–1959
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (57)

CaseCitedYears
The Texas Co. v. Burkett green
· 1927
2 sentences

1978The English rule of so-called "absolute ownership" was applied by this Court in Texas Co. v. Burkett, 117 Tex. 16 , 296 S.W. 273 (1927), which held that a landowner has *26 the absolute right to sell percolating ground water for industrial purposes off the land.

1978The English rule of so-called "absolute ownership" was applied by this Court in Texas Co. v. Burkett, 117 Tex. 16 , 296 S.W. 273 (1927), which held that a landowner has *26 the absolute right to sell percolating ground water for industrial purposes off the land.

31955–1978
Hooper v. Chicago & Northwestern Railway Co. neutral
wis · 1870
2 sentences

1923Blanchard v. Page, 8 Gray, 281 ; Hooper v. Railway, 27 Wis. 81 ; Express Co. v. Croft, 49 Miss. 480 .

1923Blanchard v. Page, 8 Gray, 281 ; Hooper v. Railway, 27 Wis. 81 ; Express Co. v. Croft, 49 Miss. 480 .

31892–1923
McGee v. International Life Insurance green
scotus · 1957
2 sentences

2015Cf. jurisdiction” provided defendant purposefully availed itself id. at 232–33, 78 S.Ct. 199 (finding jurisdiction unreasonable of the privilege of conducting activities within the forum); because, among other things, the English defendant was cf. Hicks v. Kawasaki Heavy Indus., 452 F.Supp. 130 , 134 unaffiliated with any American companies).

2010Cf. id. at 232-33 , 78 S.Ct. 199 (finding jurisdiction unreasonable because, among other things, the English defendant was unaffiliated with any American companies).

22010–2015
Moragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc. green
scotus · 1970
2 sentences

2015As discussed above, in 1840 the American courts recognized a The American courts never made the inquiry whether this common-law action for wrongful death. particular English rule, bitterly criticized in England, "was applicable to their situation," and it is difficult to imagine Building on virtually universal commentary critical of on what basis they might have concluded that it was. the English common-law rule barring actions for wrongful death [16] and the questionable historical basis for the rule's Id. at 386, 90 S.Ct. at 1780 . [17] adoption, the United States Supreme Court in the landma

1990Id. at 386 , 90 S.Ct. at 1780 . 17 The Moragne decision noted the prevalence of statutes permitting recovery for wrongful death, adopted in all fifty states and by numerous federal statutes, and concluded: These numerous and broadly applicable statutes, taken as a whole, make it clear that there is no present public policy against allowing recovery for wrongful death.

21990–2015
LTTS CHARTER SCHOOL, INC. v. Palasota green
tex · 2011
2 sentences

2013Co., 344 S.W.3d 378 , 382 & n.8 (Tex. 2011) (contrasting the ―American Rule for the award of attorney‘s fees, under which attorney‘s fees are recoverable in a suit only if permitted by statute or by contract,‖ with the ―English Rule, in which a court may award attorney‘s fees to the prevailing party in a suit‖); Java Oil Ltd., 86 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 185 (―The English rule is that generally the loser must pay the winner‘s attorneys fees.‖). 63 See Smith v. Basham, 227 S.W.2d 853, 857 (Tex. Civ.

2013Co., 344 S.W.3d 378 , 382 & n.8 (Tex. 2011) (contrasting the ―American Rule for the award of attorney‘s fees, under which attorney‘s fees are recoverable in a suit only if permitted by statute or by contract,‖ with the ―English Rule, in which a court may award attorney‘s fees to the prevailing party in a suit‖); Java Oil Ltd., 86 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 185 (―The English rule is that generally the loser must pay the winner‘s attorneys fees.‖). 63 See Smith v. Basham, 227 S.W.2d 853, 857 (Tex. Civ.

22013–2013
Erbe Elektromedizin GMBH v. Canady green
pawd · 2008
2 sentences

2013App. P. 38.1(i). 30 all of our research indicates the contrary and that the U.K.‘s use of the English rule simply reflects a different public policy decision.66 Furthermore, other courts construing similar statutes have stated that whether a judgment is penal in nature for purposes of determining whether to recognize a foreign judgment ―depends upon the question [of] whether its purpose is to punish an offense against the public justice of the state, or to afford a private remedy to a person injured by the wrongful act.‖67 NHIC has provided us with nothing from which we could conclude that cos

2013App. P. 38.1(i). 30 all of our research indicates the contrary and that the U.K.‘s use of the English rule simply reflects a different public policy decision.66 Furthermore, other courts construing similar statutes have stated that whether a judgment is penal in nature for purposes of determining whether to recognize a foreign judgment ―depends upon the question [of] whether its purpose is to punish an offense against the public justice of the state, or to afford a private remedy to a person injured by the wrongful act.‖67 NHIC has provided us with nothing from which we could conclude that cos

22013–2013
Florida Patient's Compensation Fund v. Rowe green
fla · 1985
2 sentences

2013Fund v. Rowe, 472 So. 2d 1145 , 1147–48 (Fla. 1985) (noting that the English rule is not in derogation of English common law), holding modified on other grounds by Standard Guar.

2013Fund v. Rowe, 472 So. 2d 1145 , 1147–48 (Fla. 1985) (noting that the English rule is not in derogation of English common law), holding modified on other grounds by Standard Guar.

22013–2013
Basham v. Smith green
tex · 1950
2 sentences

2013App.—Dallas 1950) (defining ―penalty‖ as ―a sum of money of which the law exacts payment by way of punishment for doing some act that is prohibited, or omitting to do some act that is required to be done‖), aff’d, 149 Tex. 279 , 233 S.W.2d 297 (1950). 64 New Amsterdam Cas.

2013App.—Dallas 1950) (defining ―penalty‖ as ―a sum of money of which the law exacts payment by way of punishment for doing some act that is prohibited, or omitting to do some act that is required to be done‖), aff’d, 149 Tex. 279 , 233 S.W.2d 297 (1950). 64 New Amsterdam Cas.

22013–2013
Basham v. Smith neutral
tex · 1950
2 sentences

2013App.—Dallas 1950) (defining ―penalty‖ as ―a sum of money of which the law exacts payment by way of punishment for doing some act that is prohibited, or omitting to do some act that is required to be done‖), aff’d, 149 Tex. 279 , 233 S.W.2d 297 (1950). 64 New Amsterdam Cas.

2013App.—Dallas 1950) (defining ―penalty‖ as ―a sum of money of which the law exacts payment by way of punishment for doing some act that is prohibited, or omitting to do some act that is required to be done‖), aff’d, 149 Tex. 279 , 233 S.W.2d 297 (1950). 64 New Amsterdam Cas.

22013–2013
Stillwater Water Co. v. Farmer green
minn · 1903
2 sentences

1978Jur., sec. 119, p. 602; Stillwater Water Co. v. Farmer, 89 Minn. 58 , 93 N.W. 907 , 60 L.R.A. 875 ...." [10] For similar recognition that percolating ground waters belong to the landowner and may be produced by him at his will, absent waste or malice, see Pecos County Water Control & Imp.

1978Jur., sec. 119, p. 602; Stillwater Water Co. v. Farmer, 89 Minn. 58 , 93 N.W. 907 , 60 L.R.A. 875 ...." [10] For similar recognition that percolating ground waters belong to the landowner and may be produced by him at his will, absent waste or malice, see Pecos County Water Control & Imp.

21977–1978
Southern Express Co. v. Craft neutral
· 1873
2 sentences

1923Blanchard v. Page, 8 Gray, 281 ; Hooper v. Railway, 27 Wis. 81 ; Express Co. v. Croft, 49 Miss. 480 .

1923Blanchard v. Page, 8 Gray, 281 ; Hooper v. Railway, 27 Wis. 81 ; Express Co. v. Croft, 49 Miss. 480 .

21892–1923
Eidman v. Martinez green
scotus · 1902
2 sentences

2024This presumption in favor of the taxpayer arises from an old English rule that “the sovereign is bound to express its intention to tax in clear and unambiguous language.” TracFone, 397 S.W.3d at 182 (quoting Eidman, 184 U.S. at 583 ). 17

2024This presumption in favor of the taxpayer arises from an old English rule that “the sovereign is bound to express its intention to tax in clear and unambiguous language.” TracFone, 397 S.W.3d at 182 (quoting Eidman, 184 U.S. at 583 ). 17

12024–2024
Tracfone Wireless, Inc. and Virgin Mobile USA, L.P. v. Commission on State Emergency Communications green
tex · 2013
2 sentences

2024This presumption in favor of the taxpayer arises from an old English rule that “the sovereign is bound to express its intention to tax in clear and unambiguous language.” TracFone, 397 S.W.3d at 182 (quoting Eidman, 184 U.S. at 583 ). 17

2024This presumption in favor of the taxpayer arises from an old English rule that “the sovereign is bound to express its intention to tax in clear and unambiguous language.” TracFone, 397 S.W.3d at 182 (quoting Eidman, 184 U.S. at 583 ). 17

12024–2024
Ned B. Morris III v. Houston Independent School District green
tex · 2012
2 sentences

2022This venerable presumption traces its roots to “an old English rule that the sovereign is bound to express its intention to tax in clear and unambiguous language.” Id. (citation, internal quotation marks omitted).

2022This venerable presumption traces its roots to “an old English rule that the sovereign is bound to express its intention to tax in clear and unambiguous language.” Id. (citation, internal quotation marks omitted).

12022–2022
Dorothy Bearry v. Beech Aircraft Corporation green
ca5 · 1987
1 sentence

2015Cf. jurisdiction” provided defendant purposefully availed itself id. at 232–33, 78 S.Ct. 199 (finding jurisdiction unreasonable of the privilege of conducting activities within the forum); because, among other things, the English defendant was cf. Hicks v. Kawasaki Heavy Indus., 452 F.Supp. 130 , 134 unaffiliated with any American companies).

12015–2015
Judith Justice v. Csx Transportation, Incorporated green
ca7 · 1990
2 sentences

2015“Since the American common law has rejected the English doctrine of ‘ancient lights,’ there is no duty to avoid building on your property in such a way as to cut off a neighbor’s access to natural light.” Justice v. CSX Transp., Inc., 908 F.2d 119 , 122 (7th Cir. 1990) (Posner, J.); see also Fontainebleau Hotel Corp. v. Forty-five Twenty-five, Inc., 114 So. 2d 257 (Fla. 47 App. 1959 ) (holding that asserted that nuisance law protects only those interests “which [are] recognized and protected by law,” and that there is no protected right to access to sunlight.).

2015“Since the American common law has rejected the English doctrine of ‘ancient lights,’ there is no duty to avoid building on your property in such a way as to cut off a neighbor’s access to natural light.” Justice v. CSX Transp., Inc., 908 F.2d 119 , 122 (7th Cir. 1990) (Posner, J.); see also Fontainebleau Hotel Corp. v. Forty-five Twenty-five, Inc., 114 So. 2d 257 (Fla. 47 App. 1959 ) (holding that asserted that nuisance law protects only those interests “which [are] recognized and protected by law,” and that there is no protected right to access to sunlight.).

12015–2015
Hicks v. Kawasaki Heavy Industries green
pamd · 1978
1 sentence

2015Cf. jurisdiction” provided defendant purposefully availed itself id. at 232–33, 78 S.Ct. 199 (finding jurisdiction unreasonable of the privilege of conducting activities within the forum); because, among other things, the English defendant was cf. Hicks v. Kawasaki Heavy Indus., 452 F.Supp. 130 , 134 unaffiliated with any American companies).

12015–2015
Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court of Cal., Solano Cty. green
scotus · 1987
1 sentence

2015Three of AG's (M.D.Pa.1978)(noting that “there exists a direct relationship directors collectively own seventy-five percent of Limited, between the cause of action and [Kawasaki's] contacts with which will be litigating in Houston. the state,” as motorcycle sold by foreign manufacturer to distributor “is alleged to have caused injury in the state to a Moreover, Texas has a significant interest in exercising resident of the state”), cited in Asahi, 480 U.S. at 112–13, 107 jurisdiction over controversies arising from injuries a Texas S.Ct. 1026. resident sustains from products that are purposefu

12015–2015
Crown Life Insurance Company v. Casteel green
tex · 2000
12001–2001
City of Sherman v. Public Utility Com'n of Texas green
tex · 1983
11989–1989
City of San Antonio v. Condie neutral
texapp · 1959
11988–1988
Dallas Hotel Co. v. Lackey green
texapp · 1947
11988–1988
Culkin v. Neiman-Marcus Company green
texapp · 1962
11988–1988
Dallas Hotel Co. v. McCue green
texapp · 1930
11988–1988
Nelson v. Seidel green
texapp · 1959
11987–1987
State Ex Rel. Thornton v. Hay green
or · 1969
11986–1986
Pointer v. Texas green
scotus · 1965
11984–1984
Finley v. Teeter Stone, Inc. green
md · 1968
11977–1977
City of Brady v. Cox neutral
texapp · 1932
11957–1957
Pollack v. Pollack green
texcommnapp · 1932
11952–1952
Boynton v. Hubbard green
mass · 1810
11948–1948
Paschal v. Acklin green
tex · 1863
11946–1946
Oxsheer v. Nave green
tex · 1897
11941–1941
Dickson v. Strickland green
· 1924
11936–1936
Barclay v. Deyerle green
· 1909
11930–1930
Leonard v. Kendall green
texapp · 1916
11927–1927
Martin v. Somervell County neutral
texapp · 1899
11924–1924
City of Dallas v. Peacock green
· 1895
11924–1924
Williams v. . Fitch green
ny · 1859
11922–1922
Matter of Will of O'Hara green
· 1884
11922–1922

Where else courts name it

NY 153 (1800–2018) PA 69 (1835–2024) IL 68 (1849–2017) TX 58 (1855–2024) CA 58 (1859–2025) MD 54 (1891–2016) NJ 50 (1864–2021) MO 47 (1857–2008) AL 44 (1834–2014) VA 40 (1835–2009) NC 37 (1882–1981) GA 37 (1848–2024) OH 35 (1831–2022) IN 33 (1842–2019) MI 33 (1874–2023) IA 31 (1867–2022) FL 29 (1855–2022) KY 28 (1868–2025) TN 26 (1875–2017) RI 24 (1851–2016) OR 23 (1888–2017) AZ 22 (1874–2025) WI 22 (1843–2024) WV 22 (1885–2020) VT 20 (1844–2008) NE 19 (1897–2005) CT 19 (1839–2025) AR 19 (1894–2025) DE 17 (1838–2022) CO 17 (1879–1966) MA 17 (1848–1939) OK 15 (1912–2025) HI 14 (1900–1985) UT 14 (1896–2023) KS 13 (1900–2020) MN 13 (1894–1991) MT 12 (1882–2006) WA 11 (1906–1968) SC 11 (1817–2021) DC 9 (1889–2011) NH 7 (1850–1928) NM 7 (1897–2013) NV 7 (1878–1993) ND 7 (1891–1975) MS 7 (1873–2018) LA 6 (1893–2004) PR 5 (1921–1956) WY 5 (1948–1986) ID 4 (1911–1968) ME 4 (1881–2010) SD 3 (1894–1911) VI 2 (2006–2014)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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