substitute procedural requirement (New Jersey) · Go Syfert
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substitute procedural requirement in New Jersey

50 New Jersey opinions name it 3 courts 1978–2026 10 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New Jersey courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (21)

CaseFollowedCited
Mathews v. Eldridgegreen
scotus · 1976 · cited in 49 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1978–2025
2 sentences

2025In Mathews, the United States Supreme Court held: [D]ue process generally requires consideration of three distinct factors: First, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards; and finally, the [g]overnment's interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail. [ 424 U.S. at 335 .] A-2198-23 12 "Other

2024These are: (1) "the private interest that will be affected by the official action;" (2) "the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards;" and (3) "the Government's interest, A-1489-21 22 including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail." Id. at 335 .

2149
Zinermon v. Burchgreen
scotus · 1990 · cited in 7 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1995–2026
2 sentences

2026A-3684-23 25 To determine what procedural protections are required in a given case, New Jersey courts have adopted the Mathews factors: First, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute safeguards; and finally, the [g]overnment's interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail. [Id. at 106-07 (quoting Zinermon v. Burc

2000They include: [f]irst, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards; and finally, the Government's interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail. [ Ibid. (quoting Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 335 , 96 S.Ct. 893, 902 , 47 L.Ed. 2d 18, 33 (1976)).] If the weighing process falls in favor of th

37
In Re Freshwater Wetlands Permitsgreen
nj · 2006 · cited in 3 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2021–2025
2 sentences

2025In Mathews, the United States Supreme Court held: [D]ue process generally requires consideration of three distinct factors: First, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards; and finally, the [g]overnment's interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail. [ 424 U.S. at 335 .] A-2198-23 12 "Other

2024Permits, 185 N.J. 452, 467 (2006) (cataloging the Mathews factors our courts often employ to decide what process is due, as the private interest affected by the official action; "the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute A-3576-19 18 procedural safeguards"; and "the Government's interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail") (quoting Mathews, 424 U.S. at 335 ).

33
Doe v. Poritzgreen
nj · 1995 · cited in 7 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1996–2012
2 sentences

2012Courts weigh the following factors in determining what process is due in a particular case: First, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such intei'est through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute safeguards; and finally, the Government’s interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail. [Id. at 106, 662 A.2d 367 (quoting Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 335 , 96 S.Ct.

2008To determine the precise procedural protections mandated by due process in a particular case, we have applied the balancing test set forth in Mathews, supra, which considers three discrete factors: [F]irst, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute safeguards; and finally, the Government’s interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requ

27
Connecticut v. Doehrgreen
scotus · 1991 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021Analysis of the due process claim requires consideration of the three factors in Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 335 (1976): (1) "the private interest that will be affected by the official action"; (2) "the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards"; and (3) "the Government's interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail." See also Connecticut v. Doehr, 501 U.S. 1, 9-

2021Analysis of the due process claim requires consideration of the three factors in Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 335 (1976): (1) "the private interest that will be affected by the official action"; (2) "the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards"; and (3) "the Government's interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail." See also Connecticut v. Doehr, 501 U.S. 1, 9-

22
Goldberg v. Kellygreen
scotus · 1970 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1980–1984
2 sentences

1984See, e.g., Goldberg v. Kelly, supra [ 397 U.S. 254 ] at 263-271, 25 L.Ed. 2d 287 , 90 S.Ct. 1011 [at 1018-22]. [ 424 U.S. 319 at 334-335 , 96 S.Ct. 893 at 902-03 , 47 L.Ed. 2d 18 ].

1984See, e.g., Goldberg v. Kelly, supra [ 397 U.S. 254 ] at 263-271, 25 L.Ed. 2d 287 , 90 S.Ct. 1011 [at 1018-22]. [ 424 U.S. 319 at 334-335 , 96 S.Ct. 893 at 902-03 , 47 L.Ed. 2d 18 ].

12
Cunningham v. Department of Civil Servicegreen
nj · 1975 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025In Mathews, the United States Supreme Court held: [D]ue process generally requires consideration of three distinct factors: First, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards; and finally, the [g]overnment's interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail. [ 424 U.S. at 335 .] A-2198-23 12 "Other

11
Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrathgreen
scotus · 1951 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Ultimately, "[t]he essence of due process is the requirement that 'a person in jeopardy of serious loss [be given] notice of the case against him and [an] opportunity to meet it.'" Id. at 348 (quoting Joint Anti-Fascist Comm. v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 171-72 (1951) (Frankfurter, J., concurring)).

11
Midnight Sessions, Ltd. v. City Of Philadelphiagreen
ca3 · 1991 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Although satisfied those procedural safeguards were sufficient to protect Fortney's due process rights, the court held "the question of whether or not [Rutgers] violated the adequate procedures in place should be decided by a jury." See Midnight Sessions, Ltd. v. City of Philadelphia, 945 F.2d 667, 682 (3d Cir. 1991) (noting "a court, not a jury, should decide whether the licensing scheme satisfied procedural due process," leaving for the jury the question of "whether the City violated the prescribed procedure in denying the licenses "), abrogated on other grounds by United Artists Theatre Cir

11
Greenholtz v. Inmates of the Nebraska Penal & Correctional Complexgreen
scotus · 1979 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020To determine the precise protections required in a given case, courts apply the balancing test set forth in Mathews v. Eldridge and consider three factors: First, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards; and finally, the 31 Government’s interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail. [ 424 U.

11
Paul D. Reardon and John E. Reardon v. United States of America and the United States Environmental Protection Agencygreen
ca1 · 1991 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019See 150 Acres of Land, 204 F.3d at 710-11 (finding a CERCLA lien deprived property owners of "a significant property interest" but the hearing before a regional judicial officer "afforded sufficient due process"); Reardon, 947 F.2d at 1518-19 (finding a CERCLA lien affected significant private interests, especially because the lien lacked a definite sum, and procedures then in place, which afforded "no pre-deprivation proceedings A-2665-15T1 15 at all," were inadequate to protect due process); Van Horn v. Dep't of Toxic Substances Control, 180 Cal. Rptr. 3d 416, 423 (Ct. App. 2014) (finding th

11
United States v. 150 Acres of Land, More or Less, Located in Medina County, Ohio,defendant-Appellantgreen
ca6 · 2000 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019See 150 Acres of Land, 204 F.3d at 710-11 (finding a CERCLA lien deprived property owners of "a significant property interest" but the hearing before a regional judicial officer "afforded sufficient due process"); Reardon, 947 F.2d at 1518-19 (finding a CERCLA lien affected significant private interests, especially because the lien lacked a definite sum, and procedures then in place, which afforded "no pre-deprivation proceedings A-2665-15T1 15 at all," were inadequate to protect due process); Van Horn v. Dep't of Toxic Substances Control, 180 Cal. Rptr. 3d 416, 423 (Ct. App. 2014) (finding th

11
Horn v. Department of Toxic Substances Controlgreen
calctapp · 2014 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019See 150 Acres of Land, 204 F.3d at 710-11 (finding a CERCLA lien deprived property owners of "a significant property interest" but the hearing before a regional judicial officer "afforded sufficient due process"); Reardon, 947 F.2d at 1518-19 (finding a CERCLA lien affected significant private interests, especially because the lien lacked a definite sum, and procedures then in place, which afforded "no pre-deprivation proceedings A-2665-15T1 15 at all," were inadequate to protect due process); Van Horn v. Dep't of Toxic Substances Control, 180 Cal. Rptr. 3d 416, 423 (Ct. App. 2014) (finding th

11
Matter of Allegations of Sexual Abuse at East Park High Schoolgreen
njsuperctappdiv · 1998 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009We agreed with the aggrieved teacher that inclusion of her name in the Central Registry caused injury to the teacher's reputation and burdened her employment rights. [2] East Park, supra, 314 N.J.Super. at 160, 714 A. 2d 339 .

2009We agreed with the aggrieved teacher that inclusion of her name in the Central Registry caused injury to the teacher's reputation and burdened her employment rights. [2] East Park, supra, 314 N.J.Super. at 160, 714 A. 2d 339 .

11
Morrissey v. Brewergreen
scotus · 1972 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009Recognizing that due process is "flexible and calls for such procedural protections as the particular situation demands," Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 481 , 92 S.Ct. 2593, 2600 , 33 L.Ed. 2d 484, 494 (1972), the Mathews Court created a test, which requires consideration of three factors: first, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards; and final-ly, the Government's interest, including the fu

2009Recognizing that due process is "flexible and calls for such procedural protections as the particular situation demands," Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 481 , 92 S.Ct. 2593, 2600 , 33 L.Ed. 2d 484, 494 (1972), the Mathews Court created a test, which requires consideration of three factors: first, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards; and final-ly, the Government's interest, including the fu

11
Hamdi v. Rumsfeldgreen
scotus · 2004 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007The interest in being free from physical detention by the government is "the most elemental of liberty interests." Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. 507, 529 , 124 S.Ct. 2633, 2646 , 159 L.Ed. 2d 578, 599 (2004).

2007The interest in being free from physical detention by the government is "the most elemental of liberty interests." Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. 507, 529 , 124 S.Ct. 2633, 2646 , 159 L.Ed. 2d 578, 599 (2004).

11
John Buttrey and John Buttrey Developments, Inc. v. United States of Americagreen
ca5 · 1982 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
11
Shoreline Associates v. Marshgreen
mdd · 1983 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
11
Buttrey v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1983 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
1 sentence

2006See, e.g., Buttrey v. United States, 690 F. 2d 1170, 1172, 1176-77 (5th Cir.1982) (holding that due process did not entitle dredge-and-fill permit applicant to trial-type hearing), cert. denied, 461 U.S. 927 , 103 S.Ct. 2087 , 77 L.Ed.2d 298 (1983); Shoreline Assocs. v. Marsh, 555 F.Supp. 169, 174-76 (D.Md.1983) (upholding denial of federal tidal wetlands permit and adjudicatory hearing to property owner who received “a meaningful opportunity” to comment, submit expert reports, and meet with administering agency (internal quotation marks omitted)), aff'd, 725 F.2d 677 (4th Cir.1984); Fichter v

11
Yellowfish v. City of Stillwatergreen
scotus · 1983 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
1 sentence

2006See, e.g., Buttrey v. United States, 690 F. 2d 1170, 1172, 1176-77 (5th Cir.1982) (holding that due process did not entitle dredge-and-fill permit applicant to trial-type hearing), cert. denied, 461 U.S. 927 , 103 S.Ct. 2087 , 77 L.Ed.2d 298 (1983); Shoreline Assocs. v. Marsh, 555 F.Supp. 169, 174-76 (D.Md.1983) (upholding denial of federal tidal wetlands permit and adjudicatory hearing to property owner who received “a meaningful opportunity” to comment, submit expert reports, and meet with administering agency (internal quotation marks omitted)), aff'd, 725 F.2d 677 (4th Cir.1984); Fichter v

11
Paul v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1983 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New Jersey. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (17)

CaseCitedYears
Sherwood Court v. Borough of South River green
njsuperctappdiv · 1996
2 sentences

2021In Sherwood Ct., the plaintiff owners of an apartment complex claimed they were denied due process by the imposition of a lien under N.J.S.A. 40:62 - 14 for unpaid municipal electric bills. 294 N.J.

2021In Sherwood Ct., the plaintiff owners of an apartment complex claimed they were denied due process by the imposition of a lien under N.J.S.A. 40:62 - 14 for unpaid municipal electric bills. 294 N.J.

22021–2021
Jamgochian v. New Jersey State Parole Board green
nj · 2008
2 sentences

2017The criminal nature of the North Carolina statute distinguishes Packingham from the case before us. 7 In determining the "precise procedural protections mandated by due process in a particular case," we apply the three-factor test set forth in Mathews v. Eldridge: [F]irst, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute safeguards; and finally, the Government's interest, including the function *232 involved and the fiscal and

2017The criminal nature of the North Carolina statute distinguishes Packingham from the case before us. 7 In determining the "precise procedural protections mandated by due process in a particular case," we apply the three-factor test set forth in Mathews v. Eldridge: [F]irst, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute safeguards; and finally, the Government's interest, including the function *232 involved and the fiscal and

22010–2017
United Artists Theatre Circuit, Inc. v. The Township Of Warrington, Pa green
ca3 · 2003
1 sentence

2024Although satisfied those procedural safeguards were sufficient to protect Fortney's due process rights, the court held "the question of whether or not [Rutgers] violated the adequate procedures in place should be decided by a jury." See Midnight Sessions, Ltd. v. City of Philadelphia, 945 F.2d 667, 682 (3d Cir. 1991) (noting "a court, not a jury, should decide whether the licensing scheme satisfied procedural due process," leaving for the jury the question of "whether the City violated the prescribed procedure in denying the licenses "), abrogated on other grounds by United Artists Theatre Cir

12024–2024
In Re Promulgation of Guardianship Services Regulations green
nj · 1986
1 sentence

2022In re Promulgation, 103 N.J. at 634 . [T]he specific dictates of due process generally require [] consideration of three distinct factors: first, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards; and finally, the Government's interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail. [Ibid. (quoting Mathews, 424

12022–2022
New Jersey State Parole Board v. Byrne green
nj · 1983
1 sentence

2020To determine the precise protections required in a given case, courts apply the balancing test set forth in Mathews v. Eldridge and consider three factors: First, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards; and finally, the 31 Government’s interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail. [ 424 U.

12020–2020
State v. Habeeb Robinson(078900) (Essex County and Statewide) green
nj · 2017
2 sentences

2017The Mathews standard consists of three factors: (1) “the private interest that will be affected by the official action”; (2) “the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards”; and (3) “the Government’s interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail.” Mathews, supra, 424 U.S. at 335 , 96 S.Ct. at 903 , 47 L.Ed.2d at 33 . *212 Pretrial detention, of course, “significantly int

2017The Mathews standard consists of three factors: (1) “the private interest that will be affected by the official action”; (2) “the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards”; and (3) “the Government’s interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail.” Mathews, supra, 424 U.S. at 335 , 96 S.Ct. at 903 , 47 L.Ed.2d at 33 . *212 Pretrial detention, of course, “significantly int

12017–2017
Lassiter v. Department of Social Servs. of Durham Cty. green
scotus · 1981
2 sentences

2016The Court found that the parent’s private interest was “commanding” because the “desire” and “right” to raise one’s children is “an important interest,” and the State “sought not simply to infringe upon that interest but to end it.” Id. at 27 , 101 S.Ct. at 2159-60 , 68 L.Ed.2d at 649-50 .

2016The Court found that the parent’s private interest was “commanding” because the “desire” and “right” to raise one’s children is “an important interest,” and the State “sought not simply to infringe upon that interest but to end it.” Id. at 27 , 101 S.Ct. at 2159-60 , 68 L.Ed.2d at 649-50 .

12016–2016
In re Allegations of Physical Abuse at Blackacre Academy green
njsuperctappdiv · 1997
2 sentences

2012Courts weigh the following factors in determining what process is due in a particular case: First, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such intei'est through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute safeguards; and finally, the Government’s interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail. [Id. at 106, 662 A.2d 367 (quoting Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 335 , 96 S.Ct.

2012Courts weigh the following factors in determining what process is due in a particular case: First, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such intei'est through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute safeguards; and finally, the Government’s interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail. [Id. at 106, 662 A.2d 367 (quoting Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 335 , 96 S.Ct.

12012–2012
People v. Fraser green
calctapp · 2006
1 sentence

2012Thus, in the civil context, the process due under the Constitution involves a weighing of several factors: [Hirst, the private interest that will be affected by the official action; second, the risk of an erroneous deprivation of such interest through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of additional or substitute procedural safeguards; and finally, the Government’s interest, including the function involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that the additional or substitute procedural requirement would entail. [Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 335 , 96 S.Ct 893, 903

12012–2012
In Re Civil Commitment of EST green
njsuperctappdiv · 2004
2 sentences

2012Clearly, SVPA commitment entails a “very real threat of lengthy incareeration[,]” In re Commitment of E.S.T., supra, 371 N.J.Super. at 574 n. 5, 854 A.2d 936 , and therefore a very significant loss of physical freedom.

2012Clearly, SVPA commitment entails a “very real threat of lengthy incareeration[,]” In re Commitment of E.S.T., supra, 371 N.J.Super. at 574 n. 5, 854 A.2d 936 , and therefore a very significant loss of physical freedom.

12012–2012
Roe v. Roe green
njsuperctappdiv · 1992
2 sentences

2009B It is surprising that the trial judge would conclude that the Act was unconstitutional in this regard because he recognized that we had previously held to the contrary in Roe v. Roe, 253 N.J.Super. 418, 427 , 601 A. 2d 1201 (App.Div.1992).

2009B It is surprising that the trial judge would conclude that the Act was unconstitutional in this regard because he recognized that we had previously held to the contrary in Roe v. Roe, 253 N.J.Super. 418, 427 , 601 A. 2d 1201 (App.Div.1992).

12009–2009
United States v. Price (Robert K.), Price (Linda D.), Price (Leonard L.) green
ca4 · 1984
1 sentence

2006See, e.g., Buttrey v. United States, 690 F. 2d 1170, 1172, 1176-77 (5th Cir.1982) (holding that due process did not entitle dredge-and-fill permit applicant to trial-type hearing), cert. denied, 461 U.S. 927 , 103 S.Ct. 2087 , 77 L.Ed.2d 298 (1983); Shoreline Assocs. v. Marsh, 555 F.Supp. 169, 174-76 (D.Md.1983) (upholding denial of federal tidal wetlands permit and adjudicatory hearing to property owner who received “a meaningful opportunity” to comment, submit expert reports, and meet with administering agency (internal quotation marks omitted)), aff'd, 725 F.2d 677 (4th Cir.1984); Fichter v

12006–2006
In Re Commitment of MG green
njsuperctappdiv · 2000
12006–2006
Matter of CA green
nj · 1996
12000–2000
Pelullo v. STATE, COM'N OF INVEST green
njsuperctappdiv · 1996
11997–1997
High Horizons Dev. v. Dept. of Transp. green
nj · 1990
11991–1991
Board of Ed., Plainfield v. Cooperman green
nj · 1987
11991–1991

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NJ § N.J. Stat. § 9:6-8.10a (3) USC § 42u.s.c.1983 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 104 (1978–2025) IL 83 (1979–2025) TX 68 (1987–2025) WA 66 (1979–2025) CT 52 (1979–2025) NJ 50 (1978–2026) MI 46 (1978–2026) OH 40 (1981–2026) ME 38 (1981–2023) MN 35 (1983–2026) PA 33 (1976–2025) ID 32 (1980–2026) TN 32 (1993–2024) MD 31 (1977–2023) NY 31 (1978–2025) OR 29 (1976–2026) IA 23 (1979–2023) NM 23 (1983–2025) MA 22 (1982–2023) LA 22 (1985–2022) NC 18 (1981–2026) NH 17 (1980–2021) WI 16 (1978–2024) DC 16 (1978–2024) ND 15 (1988–2022) AZ 13 (1983–2025) CO 12 (1977–2022) WV 12 (1978–2002) KS 11 (1988–2024) IN 11 (1980–2020) AK 11 (1983–2024) UT 9 (1995–2014) OK 8 (1996–2018) NE 7 (1990–2021) AR 7 (1987–2012) FL 7 (1986–2024) RI 7 (1990–2015) VA 6 (1992–2025) DE 5 (1989–2019) KY 5 (2005–2024) HI 5 (1996–2023) MO 5 (1986–2019) MT 4 (1984–2016) NV 4 (1987–2021) VT 3 (2015–2021) GA 3 (1986–2008) SD 2 (1986–2011) SC 2 (1996–1998)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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