malice standard (Indiana) · Go Syfert
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malice standard in Indiana

18 Indiana opinions name it 2 courts 1974–2017 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Indiana courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (15)

CaseFollowedCited
Journal-Gazette Co. v. Bandido's, Inc.green
ind · 1999 · cited in 4 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2002–2013
2 sentences

2013Therefore, State Farm’s argument continues, because Benz and Cockerill were the only “speakers,” “the actual malice inquiry necessarily focuses solely on their state of mind.” Id. (emphasis added).

2006(App.30.) Substantively, Indiana Code Seetion 34-7-7-9 does not supplant the Indiana common law of defamation, but provides that the movant must establish that his or her speech was "lawful." Ind. Code § 34-7-7-9 (d). 3 To establish a claim of defamation, a plaintiff must prove the existence of "'a communication with defamatory imputation, malice, publication, and damages"" Trail v. Boys and Girls Clubs of Northwest Ind., 845 N.E.2d 130, 135 (Ind., 2006) (quoting Davidson v. Perron, 716 N.E.2d 29, 37 (Ind.Ct.App.1999), trams. demied ). "[The actual malice standard of proof required in defamati

34
Aafco Heating & Air Conditioning Co. v. Northwest Publications, Inc.green
indctapp · 1974 · cited in 4 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1996–2006
2 sentences

2002See also Journal-Gazette Co., Inc. v. Bandido’s, Inc., 712 N.E.2d 446, 452 (Ind.1999), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 1005 , 120 S.Ct. 499 , 145 L.Ed.2d 385 (1999) (expressly adopting Aafco Heating and Air Conditioning Co. v. Northwest Publications, Inc., 162 Ind.App. 671 , 321 N.E.2d 580 (1974), cert. denied, which applied the actual malice standard for both public and private individuals).

2002See also Journal-Gazette Co., Inc. v. Bandido’s, Inc., 712 N.E.2d 446, 452 (Ind.1999), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 1005 , 120 S.Ct. 499 , 145 L.Ed.2d 385 (1999) (expressly adopting Aafco Heating and Air Conditioning Co. v. Northwest Publications, Inc., 162 Ind.App. 671 , 321 N.E.2d 580 (1974), cert. denied, which applied the actual malice standard for both public and private individuals).

34
Bandido's, Inc. v. Journal-Gazette Co.green
scotus · 1999 · cited in 2 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2002–2006
2 sentences

2006(App.30.) Substantively, Indiana Code Seetion 34-7-7-9 does not supplant the Indiana common law of defamation, but provides that the movant must establish that his or her speech was "lawful." Ind. Code § 34-7-7-9 (d). 3 To establish a claim of defamation, a plaintiff must prove the existence of "'a communication with defamatory imputation, malice, publication, and damages"" Trail v. Boys and Girls Clubs of Northwest Ind., 845 N.E.2d 130, 135 (Ind., 2006) (quoting Davidson v. Perron, 716 N.E.2d 29, 37 (Ind.Ct.App.1999), trams. demied ). "[The actual malice standard of proof required in defamati

2002See also Journal-Gazette Co., Inc. v. Bandido’s, Inc., 712 N.E.2d 446, 452 (Ind.1999), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 1005 , 120 S.Ct. 499 , 145 L.Ed.2d 385 (1999) (expressly adopting Aafco Heating and Air Conditioning Co. v. Northwest Publications, Inc., 162 Ind.App. 671 , 321 N.E.2d 580 (1974), cert. denied, which applied the actual malice standard for both public and private individuals).

12
Janice Brandom v. Coupled Products, LLCgreen
indctapp · 2012 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017Brandom, 975 N.E.2d at 390 (internal citations omitted). [16] First we will consider these issues with respect to 401.

2017Brandom, 975 N.E.2d at 390 (internal citations omitted).

11
Shepard v. Schurz Communications, Inc.green
indctapp · 2006 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012(Appellant’s Br. at 14) (citing Shepard v. Schurz Communications, Inc., 847 N.E.2d 219, 224 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), which applied an actual malice standard in an anti-SLAPP case).

2012(Appellant’s Br. at 14) (citing Shepard v. Schurz Communications, Inc., 847 N.E.2d 219, 224 (Ind.Ct.App.2006), which applied an actual malice standard in an anti-SLAPP case).

11
Eddie Trail and Katrinka Trail v. Boys and Girls Clubs of Northwest Indianagreen
ind · 2006 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
1 sentence

2006(App.30.) Substantively, Indiana Code Seetion 34-7-7-9 does not supplant the Indiana common law of defamation, but provides that the movant must establish that his or her speech was "lawful." Ind. Code § 34-7-7-9 (d). 3 To establish a claim of defamation, a plaintiff must prove the existence of "'a communication with defamatory imputation, malice, publication, and damages"" Trail v. Boys and Girls Clubs of Northwest Ind., 845 N.E.2d 130, 135 (Ind., 2006) (quoting Davidson v. Perron, 716 N.E.2d 29, 37 (Ind.Ct.App.1999), trams. demied ). "[The actual malice standard of proof required in defamati

11
Davidson v. Perrongreen
indctapp · 1999 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
1 sentence

2006(App.30.) Substantively, Indiana Code Seetion 34-7-7-9 does not supplant the Indiana common law of defamation, but provides that the movant must establish that his or her speech was "lawful." Ind. Code § 34-7-7-9 (d). 3 To establish a claim of defamation, a plaintiff must prove the existence of "'a communication with defamatory imputation, malice, publication, and damages"" Trail v. Boys and Girls Clubs of Northwest Ind., 845 N.E.2d 130, 135 (Ind., 2006) (quoting Davidson v. Perron, 716 N.E.2d 29, 37 (Ind.Ct.App.1999), trams. demied ). "[The actual malice standard of proof required in defamati

11
State v. Defleygreen
la · 1981 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002See State v. Defley, 395 So.2d 759, 761 (La.1981) (school supervisor is a public official); Kapiloff v. Dunn, 27 Md.App. 514 , 343 A.2d 251, 258 (1975) (principal sued for defamation to recover for injury to his reputation due to alleged libelous newspaper article in which he was rated "unsuitable" for his position); Andreucci v. Foresteire, 1998 WL 1184151 , *4 (Mass.Dist.Ct.1998) (retired principal sued school superintendent for allegedly defamatory statements regarding his conduct as principal made by the superinien-dent and published in a newspaper article); Jee v. New York Post Co., Inc.,

2002See State v. Defley, 395 So.2d 759, 761 (La.1981) (school supervisor is a public official); Kapiloff v. Dunn, 27 Md.App. 514 , 343 A.2d 251, 258 (1975) (principal sued for defamation to recover for injury to his reputation due to alleged libelous newspaper article in which he was rated "unsuitable" for his position); Andreucci v. Foresteire, 1998 WL 1184151 , *4 (Mass.Dist.Ct.1998) (retired principal sued school superintendent for allegedly defamatory statements regarding his conduct as principal made by the superintendent and published in a newspaper article); Jee v. New York Post Co., Inc.,

11
Jee v. New York Post Co.green
nysupct · 1998 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002See State v. Defley, 395 So.2d 759, 761 (La.1981) (school supervisor is a public official); Kapiloff v. Dunn, 27 Md.App. 514 , 343 A.2d 251, 258 (1975) (principal sued for defamation to recover for injury to his reputation due to alleged libelous newspaper article in which he was rated "unsuitable" for his position); Andreucci v. Foresteire, 1998 WL 1184151 , *4 (Mass.Dist.Ct.1998) (retired principal sued school superintendent for allegedly defamatory statements regarding his conduct as principal made by the superinien-dent and published in a newspaper article); Jee v. New York Post Co., Inc.,

2002See State v. Defley, 395 So.2d 759, 761 (La.1981) (school supervisor is a public official); Kapiloff v. Dunn, 27 Md.App. 514 , 343 A.2d 251, 258 (1975) (principal sued for defamation to recover for injury to his reputation due to alleged libelous newspaper article in which he was rated "unsuitable" for his position); Andreucci v. Foresteire, 1998 WL 1184151 , *4 (Mass.Dist.Ct.1998) (retired principal sued school superintendent for allegedly defamatory statements regarding his conduct as principal made by the superinien-dent and published in a newspaper article); Jee v. New York Post Co., Inc.,

11
Palmer v. Bennington School District, Inc.green
vt · 1992 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002See State v. Defley, 395 So.2d 759, 761 (La.1981) (school supervisor is a public official); Kapiloff v. Dunn, 27 Md.App. 514 , 343 A.2d 251, 258 (1975) (principal sued for defamation to recover for injury to his reputation due to alleged libelous newspaper article in which he was rated "unsuitable" for his position); Andreucci v. Foresteire, 1998 WL 1184151 , *4 (Mass.Dist.Ct.1998) (retired principal sued school superintendent for allegedly defamatory statements regarding his conduct as principal made by the superinien-dent and published in a newspaper article); Jee v. New York Post Co., Inc.,

2002See State v. Defley, 395 So.2d 759, 761 (La.1981) (school supervisor is a public official); Kapiloff v. Dunn, 27 Md.App. 514 , 343 A.2d 251, 258 (1975) (principal sued for defamation to recover for injury to his reputation due to alleged libelous newspaper article in which he was rated "unsuitable" for his position); Andreucci v. Foresteire, 1998 WL 1184151 , *4 (Mass.Dist.Ct.1998) (retired principal sued school superintendent for allegedly defamatory statements regarding his conduct as principal made by the superinien-dent and published in a newspaper article); Jee v. New York Post Co., Inc.,

11
Burko v. Stategreen
md · 1975 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002See State v. Defley, 395 So.2d 759, 761 (La.1981) (school supervisor is a public official); Kapiloff v. Dunn, 27 Md.App. 514 , 343 A.2d 251, 258 (1975) (principal sued for defamation to recover for injury to his reputation due to alleged libelous newspaper article in which he was rated "unsuitable" for his position); Andreucci v. Foresteire, 1998 WL 1184151 , *4 (Mass.Dist.Ct.1998) (retired principal sued school superintendent for allegedly defamatory statements regarding his conduct as principal made by the superinien-dent and published in a newspaper article); Jee v. New York Post Co., Inc.,

2002See State v. Defley, 395 So.2d 759, 761 (La.1981) (school supervisor is a public official); Kapiloff v. Dunn, 27 Md.App. 514 , 343 A.2d 251, 258 (1975) (principal sued for defamation to recover for injury to his reputation due to alleged libelous newspaper article in which he was rated "unsuitable" for his position); Andreucci v. Foresteire, 1998 WL 1184151 , *4 (Mass.Dist.Ct.1998) (retired principal sued school superintendent for allegedly defamatory statements regarding his conduct as principal made by the superintendent and published in a newspaper article); Jee v. New York Post Co., Inc.,

11
Gazette, Inc. v. Harrisgreen
va · 1985 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
2 sentences

1999I, sec. 12) 29 recognize[s] the interest of the individual in the protection of his reputation, for [it] provide[s] that the exercise of the right to speak freely shall not relieve the speaker from responsibility for his abuse of that right” and adopting the negligence standard rather than the actual malice standard in private defamation actions against media defendants); Jones v. Palmer Communications, Inc., 440 N.W.2d 884, 898 (Iowa 1989) (construing Article I, Section 7 of the Iowa Constitution 30 to require the adoption of a negligence standard for private plaintiffs in defamation actions)

1999I, sec. 12) 29 recognize[s] the interest of the individual in the protection of his reputation, for [it] provide[s] that the exercise of the right to speak freely shall not relieve the speaker from responsibility for his abuse of that right” and adopting the negligence standard rather than the actual malice standard in private defamation actions against media defendants); Jones v. Palmer Communications, Inc., 440 N.W.2d 884, 898 (Iowa 1989) (construing Article I, Section 7 of the Iowa Constitution 30 to require the adoption of a negligence standard for private plaintiffs in defamation actions)

11
Denny v. Mertzgreen
wis · 1982 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
2 sentences

1999I, sec. 12) 29 recognize[s] the interest of the individual in the protection of his reputation, for [it] provide[s] that the exercise of the right to speak freely shall not relieve the speaker from responsibility for his abuse of that right” and adopting the negligence standard rather than the actual malice standard in private defamation actions against media defendants); Jones v. Palmer Communications, Inc., 440 N.W.2d 884, 898 (Iowa 1989) (construing Article I, Section 7 of the Iowa Constitution 30 to require the adoption of a negligence standard for private plaintiffs in defamation actions)

1999I, sec. 12) 29 recognize[s] the interest of the individual in the protection of his reputation, for [it] provide[s] that the exercise of the right to speak freely shall not relieve the speaker from responsibility for his abuse of that right” and adopting the negligence standard rather than the actual malice standard in private defamation actions against media defendants); Jones v. Palmer Communications, Inc., 440 N.W.2d 884, 898 (Iowa 1989) (construing Article I, Section 7 of the Iowa Constitution 30 to require the adoption of a negligence standard for private plaintiffs in defamation actions)

11
Jones v. PALMER COMMUNICATIONS, INCORPORATEDgreen
iowa · 1989 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
2 sentences

1999I, sec. 12) [29] recognize[s] the interest of the individual in the protection of his reputation, for [it] provide[s] that the exercise of the right to speak freely shall not relieve the speaker from responsibility for his abuse of that right" and adopting the negligence standard rather than the actual malice standard in private defamation actions against media defendants); Jones v. Palmer Communications, Inc., 440 N.W.2d 884, 898 (Iowa 1989) (construing Article I, Section 7 of the Iowa Constitution [30] to require the adoption of a negligence standard for private plaintiffs in defamation acti

1999I, sec. 12) 29 recognize[s] the interest of the individual in the protection of his reputation, for [it] provide[s] that the exercise of the right to speak freely shall not relieve the speaker from responsibility for his abuse of that right” and adopting the negligence standard rather than the actual malice standard in private defamation actions against media defendants); Jones v. Palmer Communications, Inc., 440 N.W.2d 884, 898 (Iowa 1989) (construing Article I, Section 7 of the Iowa Constitution 30 to require the adoption of a negligence standard for private plaintiffs in defamation actions)

11
Patten v. Smithgreen
indctapp · 1977 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996I further expressed my disagreement with the application of the actual malice standard to private libel plaintiffs, as opposed to a negligence standard, in Patten v. Smith, 172 Ind.App. 300 , 360 N.E.2d 233, 238 (1977) (Garrard, J., concurring in result with opinion in which Hoffman, J., concurred).

1996I further expressed my disagreement with the application of the actual malice standard to private libel plaintiffs, as opposed to a negligence standard, in Patten v. Smith, 172 Ind.App. 300 , 360 N.E.2d 233, 238 (1977) (Garrard, J., concurring in result with opinion in which Hoffman, J., concurred).

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Indiana. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (21)

CaseCitedYears
Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc. v. Connaughton green
scotus · 1989
2 sentences

2013Nevertheless, “it cannot be said that evidence concerning motive or care never bears any relation to the actual malice inquiry.” Id.

1996However, "it cannot be said that evidence concerning motive or care never bears any relation to the actual malice inquiry." Id. at *973 667, 109 S.Ct. at 2686 .

31991–2013
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan green
scotus · 1964
2 sentences

2011The actual malice standard thus protects those negligent or careless false statements of fact that are inevitable in free debate, as is required by the Constitution. 13 See id. at 292 n. 30, 84 S.Ct. 710 .

2011The actual malice standard thus protects those negligent or careless false statements of fact that are inevitable in free debate, as is required by the Constitution. 13 See id. at 292 n. 30, 84 S.Ct. 710 .

22011–2013
Haggerty v. City of Mountain View green
scotus · 1999
2 sentences

2006(App.30.) Substantively, Indiana Code Seetion 34-7-7-9 does not supplant the Indiana common law of defamation, but provides that the movant must establish that his or her speech was "lawful." Ind. Code § 34-7-7-9 (d). 3 To establish a claim of defamation, a plaintiff must prove the existence of "'a communication with defamatory imputation, malice, publication, and damages"" Trail v. Boys and Girls Clubs of Northwest Ind., 845 N.E.2d 130, 135 (Ind., 2006) (quoting Davidson v. Perron, 716 N.E.2d 29, 37 (Ind.Ct.App.1999), trams. demied ). "[The actual malice standard of proof required in defamati

2002See also Journal-Gazette Co., Inc. v. Bandido’s, Inc., 712 N.E.2d 446, 452 (Ind.1999), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 1005 , 120 S.Ct. 499 , 145 L.Ed.2d 385 (1999) (expressly adopting Aafco Heating and Air Conditioning Co. v. Northwest Publications, Inc., 162 Ind.App. 671 , 321 N.E.2d 580 (1974), cert. denied, which applied the actual malice standard for both public and private individuals).

22002–2006
Roe v. Carter green
scotus · 1999
2 sentences

2006(App.30.) Substantively, Indiana Code Seetion 34-7-7-9 does not supplant the Indiana common law of defamation, but provides that the movant must establish that his or her speech was "lawful." Ind. Code § 34-7-7-9 (d). 3 To establish a claim of defamation, a plaintiff must prove the existence of "'a communication with defamatory imputation, malice, publication, and damages"" Trail v. Boys and Girls Clubs of Northwest Ind., 845 N.E.2d 130, 135 (Ind., 2006) (quoting Davidson v. Perron, 716 N.E.2d 29, 37 (Ind.Ct.App.1999), trams. demied ). "[The actual malice standard of proof required in defamati

2002See also Journal-Gazette Co., Inc. v. Bandido’s, Inc., 712 N.E.2d 446, 452 (Ind.1999), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 1005 , 120 S.Ct. 499 , 145 L.Ed.2d 385 (1999) (expressly adopting Aafco Heating and Air Conditioning Co. v. Northwest Publications, Inc., 162 Ind.App. 671 , 321 N.E.2d 580 (1974), cert. denied, which applied the actual malice standard for both public and private individuals).

22002–2006
Aafco Heating & Air Conditioning Co. v. Northwest Publications, Inc. green
scotus · 1976
2 sentences

2006This is so because, "in most instances, there is little disparity in the ability of private versus public individuals to obtain access 'to the channels of effective communication in order to 'counteract false statements'" and because " '[al citizen ... assume{s] the risk of media comment when he becomes involved ... in a matter of general or public interest.?" Id. at 452-58 (quoting Aafco Heating & Air Conditioning Co. v. Northwest Publ'ns, Inc., 162 Ind.App. 671, 682 , 321 N.E.2d 580, 588 (1974), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 918 , 96 S.Ct. 1112 , 47 L.Ed.2d 318 (1976)).

1996Aafco Heating & Air Conditioning Co. v. Northwest Publications, Inc., 162 Ind.App. 671 , 321 N.E.2d 580, 586 (1974), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 913 , 96 S.Ct. 1112 , 47 L.Ed.2d 318 (1975). 3 The case before us previously came up on appeal from summary judgment granted in favor of the Journal.

21996–2006
Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. green
scotus · 1974
2 sentences

1999The Gertz Court also described all purpose public figures as those who "invite attention and comment,’’ id. at 345 , 94 S.Ct. at 3009 , 41 L.Ed.2d at 808 , and who “assume special prominence in the resolution of public questions," id. at 351 , 94 S.Ct. at 3013 , 41 L.Ed.2d at 812 , and as public figures "for all purposes and in all contexts” because those "individual[s] ... achieve ... pervasive fame or notoriety [in the community],” id. .Similarly, Professor Smolla has also provided' the following commentary regarding the implications of Dun & Bradstreet when the plaintiffs are public officia

1999The Gertz Court also described all purpose public figures as those who "invite attention and comment,’’ id. at 345 , 94 S.Ct. at 3009 , 41 L.Ed.2d at 808 , and who “assume special prominence in the resolution of public questions," id. at 351 , 94 S.Ct. at 3013 , 41 L.Ed.2d at 812 , and as public figures "for all purposes and in all contexts” because those "individual[s] ... achieve ... pervasive fame or notoriety [in the community],” id. .Similarly, Professor Smolla has also provided' the following commentary regarding the implications of Dun & Bradstreet when the plaintiffs are public officia

21991–1999
St. Amant v. Thompson green
scotus · 1968
2 sentences

1977Amant v. Thompson (1968), 390 U.S. 727 , 88 S.Ct. 1323 , 20 L.Ed.2d 262 , whose formulation of the malice test provides trial courts with a relatively clear guidance.

1977Amant v. Thompson (1968), 390 U.S. 727 , 88 S.Ct. 1323 , 20 L.Ed.2d 262 , whose formulation of the malice test provides trial courts with a relatively clear guidance.

21974–1977
Daniel Brewington v. State of Indiana green
ind · 2014
1 sentence

2015Bowers specifically contends that our Supreme Court’s decision in Brewington v. State, 7 N.E.3d 946 (Ind. 2014), compels us to reverse his conviction due to this instructional error because the allegations against him involve a public figure, the Magistrate, and involve threatened harm to the Magistrate’s credit or business reputation, which he claims is subject to the actual malice standard for speech about public officials.

12015–2015
Pickering v. Board of Ed. of Township High School Dist. 205, Will Cty. green
scotus · 1968
2 sentences

2011In Pickering , the Court expressly declined to adopt the New York Times standard as the test to apply to government-employee speech on public matters because of the difficulty in applying a general standard to the “enormous variety of fact situations” in which public employees speak to the dismay of their employers. 391 U.S. at 569 , 88 S.Ct. 1731 .

2011In Pickering , the Court expressly declined to adopt the New York Times standard as the test to apply to government-employee speech on public matters because of the difficulty in applying a general standard to the “enormous variety of fact situations” in which public employees speak to the dismay of their employers. 391 U.S. at 569 , 88 S.Ct. 1731 .

12011–2011
Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Falwell green
scotus · 1988
2 sentences

2007Id. at 51-53, 56 , 108 S.Ct. 876 .

2007Id. at 51-53, 56 , 108 S.Ct. 876 .

12007–2007
Williams v. United States green
scotus · 1976
1 sentence

2006This is so because, "in most instances, there is little disparity in the ability of private versus public individuals to obtain access 'to the channels of effective communication in order to 'counteract false statements'" and because " '[al citizen ... assume{s] the risk of media comment when he becomes involved ... in a matter of general or public interest.?" Id. at 452-58 (quoting Aafco Heating & Air Conditioning Co. v. Northwest Publ'ns, Inc., 162 Ind.App. 671, 682 , 321 N.E.2d 580, 588 (1974), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 918 , 96 S.Ct. 1112 , 47 L.Ed.2d 318 (1976)).

12006–2006
Kapiloff v. Dunn green
mdctspecapp · 1975
2 sentences

2002See State v. Defley, 395 So.2d 759, 761 (La.1981) (school supervisor is a public official); Kapiloff v. Dunn, 27 Md.App. 514 , 343 A.2d 251, 258 (1975) (principal sued for defamation to recover for injury to his reputation due to alleged libelous newspaper article in which he was rated "unsuitable" for his position); Andreucci v. Foresteire, 1998 WL 1184151 , *4 (Mass.Dist.Ct.1998) (retired principal sued school superintendent for allegedly defamatory statements regarding his conduct as principal made by the superinien-dent and published in a newspaper article); Jee v. New York Post Co., Inc.,

2002See State v. Defley, 395 So.2d 759, 761 (La.1981) (school supervisor is a public official); Kapiloff v. Dunn, 27 Md.App. 514 , 343 A.2d 251, 258 (1975) (principal sued for defamation to recover for injury to his reputation due to alleged libelous newspaper article in which he was rated "unsuitable" for his position); Andreucci v. Foresteire, 1998 WL 1184151 , *4 (Mass.Dist.Ct.1998) (retired principal sued school superintendent for allegedly defamatory statements regarding his conduct as principal made by the superintendent and published in a newspaper article); Jee v. New York Post Co., Inc.,

12002–2002
Garrison v. Louisiana green
scotus · 1964
2 sentences

1999The Gertz Court also described all purpose public figures as those who "invite attention and comment," id. at 345 , 94 S.Ct. at 3009 , 41 L.Ed.2d at 808 , and who "assume special prominence in the resolution of public questions," id. at 351 , 94 S.Ct. at 3013 , 41 L.Ed.2d at 812 , and as public figures "for all purposes and in all contexts" because those "individual[s] ... achieve ... pervasive fame or notoriety [in the community]," id. [6] Similarly, Professor Smolla has also provided the following commentary regarding the implications of Dun & Bradstreet when the plaintiffs are public offici

1999The Gertz Court also described all purpose public figures as those who "invite attention and comment,’’ id. at 345 , 94 S.Ct. at 3009 , 41 L.Ed.2d at 808 , and who “assume special prominence in the resolution of public questions," id. at 351 , 94 S.Ct. at 3013 , 41 L.Ed.2d at 812 , and as public figures "for all purposes and in all contexts” because those "individual[s] ... achieve ... pervasive fame or notoriety [in the community],” id. .Similarly, Professor Smolla has also provided' the following commentary regarding the implications of Dun & Bradstreet when the plaintiffs are public officia

11999–1999
Sisler v. Gannett Co., Inc. green
nj · 1986
2 sentences

1999Sisler v. Gannett Co., 104 N.J. 256 , 516 A.2d 1083 (1986).

1999Sisler v. Gannett Co., 104 N.J. 256 , 516 A.2d 1083 (1986).

11999–1999
Le Conté Cosmetics, Inc. v. J. B. Williams Co. green
scotus · 1976
1 sentence

1996Aafco Heating & Air Conditioning Co. v. Northwest Publications, Inc., 162 Ind.App. 671 , 321 N.E.2d 580, 586 (1974), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 913 , 96 S.Ct. 1112 , 47 L.Ed.2d 318 (1975). 3 The case before us previously came up on appeal from summary judgment granted in favor of the Journal.

11996–1996
Bon Air Hotel, Inc. v. Time, Inc. And Dan Jenkins green
ca5 · 1970
11978–1978
Jack Wasserman v. Time, Inc green
cadc · 1970
11978–1978
Klinck v. . Colby neutral
ny · 1871
11977–1977
Rennert v. State green
ind · 1975
11977–1977
Coombs v. Rose green
ind · 1846
11977–1977
Harris v. State green
ind · 1900
11977–1977

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IN § Ind. Code § 34-7-7-9 (4) IN § Ind. Code § 34-7-7-7 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 232 (1979–2026) TX 61 (1984–2025) MA 55 (1971–2025) PA 52 (1966–2026) WA 44 (1969–2025) NJ 41 (1982–2026) MI 40 (1977–2022) NY 33 (1975–2024) OH 27 (1980–2025) IL 26 (1968–2014) FL 23 (1978–2025) SC 22 (1978–2024) MD 20 (1978–2022) IN 18 (1974–2017) MN 17 (1985–2023) IA 16 (1979–2026) TN 16 (1978–2024) NC 15 (1983–2025) GA 14 (1984–2026) WV 12 (1981–2020) DC 12 (1975–2023) KY 10 (1989–2024) WI 10 (1988–2024) WY 10 (1884–2019) AZ 10 (1976–2025) LA 10 (1978–2025) VA 10 (1985–2026) MO 10 (1984–2024) ID 10 (1990–2017) NM 9 (2008–2023) NV 7 (2000–2024) CO 7 (1981–2025) OK 7 (1984–2017) DE 7 (1985–2024) UT 7 (1981–2019) AL 7 (1980–2007) MS 6 (1977–2023) MT 5 (1980–2004) AK 5 (1988–2007) VT 5 (1990–2013) VI 4 (2010–2013) AR 4 (1979–2021) ME 4 (1985–2021) CT 4 (1982–2015) OR 4 (1983–1997) NH 2 (2007–2021)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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