95 Texas opinions name it 5 courts 1913–2026 3 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Mitchim v. Mitchimgreen2 sentences2003Mitchim v. Mitchim, 518 S.W.2d 362, 364 (Tex.1975); Cowan v. Moreno, 903 S.W.2d 119, 123 (Tex.App.-Austin 1995, no writ). 3 . 2003Mitchim v. Mitchim, 518 S.W.2d 362, 364 (Tex. 1975); Cowan v. Moreno, 903 S.W.2d 119, 123 (Tex. App.CAustin 1995, no writ). 8 The propriety of a summary judgment is an issue of law for the district court subject to de novo review. | 5 | 6 |
Gard v. Gardgreen2 sentences2004However, the OAG directs us to Gard v. Gard, in which the Supreme Court of Texas stated, [Generally speaking, where a decree is rendered for alimony and is made payable in future instalments, the right to such instalments becomes absolute and vested upon becoming due, and is therefore protected by the full faith and credit clause, provided no modification of the decree has been made prior to the maturity of the instalments. 150 Tex. 347 , 241 S.W.2d 618, 619 (1951) (citing Sistare v. Sistare, 218 U.S. 1,16-17 , 30 S.Ct. 682, 686 , 54 L.Ed. 905 (1910)). 2004However, the OAG directs us to Gard v. Gard, in which the Supreme Court of Texas stated, [Generally speaking, where a decree is rendered for alimony and is made payable in future instalments, the right to such instalments becomes absolute and vested upon becoming due, and is therefore protected by the full faith and credit clause, provided no modification of the decree has been made prior to the maturity of the instalments. 150 Tex. 347 , 241 S.W.2d 618, 619 (1951) (citing Sistare v. Sistare, 218 U.S. 1,16-17 , 30 S.Ct. 682, 686 , 54 L.Ed. 905 (1910)). | 3 | 8 |
Cowan v. Morenogreen2 sentences2003Mitchim v. Mitchim, 518 S.W.2d 362, 364 (Tex.1975); Cowan v. Moreno, 903 S.W.2d 119, 123 (Tex.App.-Austin 1995, no writ). 3 . 2003Mitchim v. Mitchim, 518 S.W.2d 362, 364 (Tex. 1975); Cowan v. Moreno, 903 S.W.2d 119, 123 (Tex. App.CAustin 1995, no writ). 8 The propriety of a summary judgment is an issue of law for the district court subject to de novo review. | 3 | 3 |
Sistare v. Sistaregreen2 sentences2018Although the “duty to give effect to [the order] clearly results from the full faith and credit clause, the modes of procedure to enforce the collection may not be the same in both states.” Sistare v. Sistare, 218 U.S. 1, 26 (1910).16 16 See also Rosin v. Monken, 599 F.3d 574, 576 (7th Cir. 2010) (“Illinois’s recognition of the New York order does not carry with it an obligation that Illinois enforce that order in the manner which [New York] apparently prescribes.”); City of Philadelphia v. Bauer, 478 A.2d 773, 778 (N.J. 1984) (“Although judgments of sister states must be given full faith and 2018Although the "duty to give effect to [the order] clearly results from the full faith and credit clause, the modes of procedure to enforce the collection may not be the same in both states." Sistare v. Sistare , 218 U.S. 1 , 26, 30 S.Ct. 682 , 54 L.Ed. 905 (1910). 16 Although Oklahoma has chosen to allow wage withholding to enforce all agreed spousal-support orders, the full-faith-and-credit clause does not require Texas to honor that choice. | 2 | 11 |
Criteser v. Gaffeygreen2 sentences1965The opinion in Criteser v. Gaffey, supra, set out the general rule and exception in that case as follows: "`First, that, generally speaking, where a decree is rendered for alimony and is made payable in future installments, the right to such installments becomes absolute and vested upon becoming due, and is therefore protected by the full faith and credit clause, provided no modification of the decree has been made prior to the maturity of the installments, since, as declared in the Barber Case [ 21 How. 582 , 16 L.Ed. 226 ], "alimony decreed to a wife in a divorce of separation from bed and b 1965The opinion in Criteser v. Gaffey, supra, set out the general rule and exception in that case as follows: “ ‘First, that, generally speaking, where a decree is rendered for alimony and is made payable in future installments, the right to such installments becomes absolute and vested upon becoming due, and is therefore protected by the full faith and credit clause, provided no modification of the decree has been made prior to the maturity of the installments, since, as declared in the Barber Case [ 21 How. 582 , 16 L.Ed. 226 ], “alimony decreed to a wife in a divorce of separation from bed and | 2 | 5 |
Cook v. Cookgreen2 sentences2005See Cook v. Cook, 342 U.S. 126, 128 , 72 S.Ct. 157, 159 , 96 L.Ed. 146 (1951); Adam v. Saenger, 303 U.S. 59, 62 , 58 S.Ct. 454, 456 , 82 L.Ed. 649 (1938); A & S Distrib. 2005See Cook v. Cook, 342 U.S. 126, 128 , 72 S.Ct. 157, 159 , 96 L.Ed. 146 (1951); Adam v. Saenger, 303 U.S. 59, 62 , 58 S.Ct. 454, 456 , 82 L.Ed. 649 (1938); A & S Distrib. | 2 | 4 |
Mindis Metals, Inc. v. Oilfield Motor & Control, Inc.green2 sentences2012See Mindis Metals, Inc. v. Oilfield Motor & Control, Inc. , 132 S.W.3d 477 , 485–86 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, pet. denied) (op. on reh’g) (applying abuse of discretion standard to determine whether the trial court misapplied the law to established facts in concluding that appellee established an exception to the full faith and credit requirement with regard to its decision to vacate a properly filed foreign judgment); see also Serv. 2012See Mindis Metals, Inc. v. Oilfield Motor & Control, Inc., 132 S.W.3d 477 , 485–86 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, pet. denied) (op. on reh’g) (applying abuse of discretion standard to determine whether the trial court misapplied the law to established facts in concluding that appellee established an exception to the full faith and credit requirement with regard to its decision to vacate a properly filed foreign judgment); see also Serv. | 2 | 3 |
Keene Corp. v. Caldwellgreen2 sentences2015This situation “goes to the very heart of the concept of comity.” Keene Corp., 840 S.W.2d at 720 . “[O]n the principle of comity and the full faith and credit clause,” it is an abuse of discretion for a trial court to issue an order in conflict with that of a federal court order regarding the same subject matter. 2007Keene Corp . v. Caldwell , 840 S.W.2d 715, 720 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1992, no pet). | 2 | 3 |
Lloyd Ward, Lloyd Ward, PC. v. Hawkins, Kellygreen2 sentences2015See id. 2014See id. | 2 | 2 |
Service Corp. International v. Guerragreen2 sentences2012Corp. Int’l v. Guerra , 348 S.W.3d 221, 235 (Tex. 2011) (stating that a trial court’s decision to admit evidence is reviewed for an abuse of discretion); In re Laibe Corp. , 307 S.W.3d 314, 316 (Tex. 2010) (orig. proceeding) (stating that a trial court abuses its discretion by refusing to enforce a forum selection clause, subject to a clear showing by the clause’s opponent of one of four exceptions); In re R.R. , 209 S.W.3d 112, 114 (Tex. 2006) (“We review a trial court’s denial of a motion for new trial for abuse of discretion.”). 2012Corp. Int’l v. Guerra, 348 S.W.3d 221, 235 (Tex. 2011) (stating that a trial court’s decision to admit evidence is 4 reviewed for an abuse of discretion); In re Laibe Corp., 307 S.W.3d 314, 316 (Tex. 2010) (orig. proceeding) (stating that a trial court abuses its discretion by refusing to enforce a forum selection clause, subject to a clear showing by the clause’s opponent of one of four exceptions); In re R.R., 209 S.W.3d 112, 114 (Tex. 2006) (“We review a trial court’s denial of a motion for new trial for abuse of discretion.”). | 2 | 2 |
In Re Laibe Corp.green2 sentences2012Corp. Int’l v. Guerra , 348 S.W.3d 221, 235 (Tex. 2011) (stating that a trial court’s decision to admit evidence is reviewed for an abuse of discretion); In re Laibe Corp. , 307 S.W.3d 314, 316 (Tex. 2010) (orig. proceeding) (stating that a trial court abuses its discretion by refusing to enforce a forum selection clause, subject to a clear showing by the clause’s opponent of one of four exceptions); In re R.R. , 209 S.W.3d 112, 114 (Tex. 2006) (“We review a trial court’s denial of a motion for new trial for abuse of discretion.”). 2012Corp. Int’l v. Guerra, 348 S.W.3d 221, 235 (Tex. 2011) (stating that a trial court’s decision to admit evidence is 4 reviewed for an abuse of discretion); In re Laibe Corp., 307 S.W.3d 314, 316 (Tex. 2010) (orig. proceeding) (stating that a trial court abuses its discretion by refusing to enforce a forum selection clause, subject to a clear showing by the clause’s opponent of one of four exceptions); In re R.R., 209 S.W.3d 112, 114 (Tex. 2006) (“We review a trial court’s denial of a motion for new trial for abuse of discretion.”). | 2 | 2 |
In Re RRgreen2 sentences2012Corp. Int’l v. Guerra , 348 S.W.3d 221, 235 (Tex. 2011) (stating that a trial court’s decision to admit evidence is reviewed for an abuse of discretion); In re Laibe Corp. , 307 S.W.3d 314, 316 (Tex. 2010) (orig. proceeding) (stating that a trial court abuses its discretion by refusing to enforce a forum selection clause, subject to a clear showing by the clause’s opponent of one of four exceptions); In re R.R. , 209 S.W.3d 112, 114 (Tex. 2006) (“We review a trial court’s denial of a motion for new trial for abuse of discretion.”). 2012Corp. Int’l v. Guerra, 348 S.W.3d 221, 235 (Tex. 2011) (stating that a trial court’s decision to admit evidence is 4 reviewed for an abuse of discretion); In re Laibe Corp., 307 S.W.3d 314, 316 (Tex. 2010) (orig. proceeding) (stating that a trial court abuses its discretion by refusing to enforce a forum selection clause, subject to a clear showing by the clause’s opponent of one of four exceptions); In re R.R., 209 S.W.3d 112, 114 (Tex. 2006) (“We review a trial court’s denial of a motion for new trial for abuse of discretion.”). | 2 | 2 |
Bexar Metropolitan Water District v. City of San Antonio Ex Rel. San Antonio Water Systemgreen2 sentences2011Water Dist. v. City of San Antonio, 228 S.W.3d 887, 895 (Tex.App.Austin 2007, no pet.); see Nat’l R.R. 2011Water Dist. v. City of San Antonio, 228 S.W.3d 887, 895 (Tex. App.—Austin 2007, no pet.); see Nat’l R.R. | 2 | 2 |
Julian J. Donald v. Sheriff Clarence Jones of Dallas County, Texasgreen2 sentences1987Donald v. Jones, 445 F.2d 601, 606 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 992 , 92 S.Ct. 537 , 30 L.Ed.2d 543 (1971). 1983Donald v. Jones, 445 F.2d 601, 606 (5th Cir.) cert. denied, 404 U.S. 992 , 92 S.Ct. 537 , 30 L.Ed.2d 543 (1971). | 2 | 2 |
Bard v. Charles R. Myers Insurance Agency, Inc.green2 sentences2026“The full faith and credit clause requires that a valid judgment from one state be enforced in other states regardless of the laws or public policy of the other states.” Bard, 839 S.W.2d at 794. 2015“The full faith and credit clause requires that a valid judgment from one state be enforced in other states regardless of the laws or public policy of the other states.” Id. | 1 | 5 |
Alaska Packers Assn. v. Industrial Accident Comm'n of Cal.green2 sentences2016Accident Comm’n of California, 294 U.S. 532, 547 , 55 S. Ct. 518, 523 (1935). 2016Accident Comm’n of California, 294 U.S. 532, 547 , 55 S. Ct. 518, 523 (1935). | 1 | 3 |
Carr v. Carrgreen2 sentences1981See Carr v. Carr, 279 S.W.2d 146, 149 (Tex.Civ.App.—Amarillo 1954, no writ), and Baumgardner v. Southern Pac. 1959Williams v. State of North Carolina, 325 U.S. 226 , 65 S.Ct. 1092 , 89 L.Ed. 1577 , 157 A.L.R. 1366 ; Carr v. Carr, Tex.Civ.App., 279 S.W.2d 146 ; Keen v. Keen, Tex.Civ.App., 77 S.W.2d 588, 590 ; Richmond v. Sangster, Tex.Civ.App., 217 S.W. 723 , writ. ref. | 1 | 2 |
Gaffey v. Critesergreen2 sentences1965See Criteser v. Gaffey, supra [Tex.Com.App., 222 S.W. 193 , aff’d., Tex.Civ.App., 195 S.W. 1166 ]; and the burden falls on the plaintiff to establish by pleading and proof that under the law of the foreign state such judgment so rendered therein is a final judgment. 1948Criteser v. Gaffey, Tex.Com.App., 222 S.W. 193 , affirming Tex.Civ.App., 195 S.W. 1166 . | 1 | 2 |
| Karstetter v. Vossgreen | 1 | 1 |
| cluster 296green | 1 | 1 |
| National Union Fire Insurance Co. of Pittsburgh v. Greenegreen | 1 | 1 |
| City of Philadelphia v. Bauergreen | 1 | 1 |
| Villanueva v. Office of the Attorney General of Texasgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Durfee v. Dukegreen | 1 | 1 |
| Dunn v. Mortensongreen | 1 | 1 |
| McCuen v. Hueygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Maxfield v. Terrygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Farley v. Farleygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Roark v. Sweigartgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Corporate Leasing International, Inc. v. Bridewellgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Safety-Kleen Corp. v. Canadian Universal Insurancegreen | 1 | 1 |
| Underwriters National Assurance Co. v. North Carolina Life & Accident & Health Insurance Guaranty Ass'ngreen | 1 | 1 |
| Marworth, Inc. v. McGuiregreen | 1 | 1 |
| Barney v. Huffgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Mayhew v. Capritogreen | 1 | 1 |
| Williams v. North Carolinagreen | 1 | 1 |
| Medical Administrators, Inc. v. Koger Properties, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| Simonsen v. Simonsengreen | 1 | 1 |
| Reiff v. McGuiregreen | 1 | 1 |
| Hart v. Calkins Manufacturing Co.green | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Williams v. North Carolina
green
2 sentences1979“A judgment in one State is conclusive upon the merits in every other State, but only if the court of the first State had power to pass on the merits — had jurisdiction, that is, to render the judgment.” Williams v. North Carolina, 325 U.S. 227 , 65 S.Ct. 1092, 1095 , 89 L.Ed. 1577 (1945). 1979“A judgment in one State is conclusive upon the merits in every other State, but only if the court of the first State had power to pass on the merits — had jurisdiction, that is, to render the judgment.” Williams v. North Carolina, 325 U.S. 227 , 65 S.Ct. 1092, 1095 , 89 L.Ed. 1577 (1945). | 5 | 1959–1979 |
Adam v. Saenger
green
2 sentences2005See Cook v. Cook, 342 U.S. 126, 128 , 72 S.Ct. 157, 159 , 96 L.Ed. 146 (1951); Adam v. Saenger, 303 U.S. 59, 62 , 58 S.Ct. 454, 456 , 82 L.Ed. 649 (1938); A & S Distrib. 2005See Cook v. Cook, 342 U.S. 126, 128 , 72 S.Ct. 157, 159 , 96 L.Ed. 146 (1951); Adam v. Saenger, 303 U.S. 59, 62 , 58 S.Ct. 454, 456 , 82 L.Ed. 649 (1938); A & S Distrib. | 4 | 1977–2005 |
Rumpf v. Rumpf
green
2 sentences1965It is stated in Rumpf v. Rumpf, 150 Tex. 475 , 242 S.W.2d 416 , as follows: “This court in a recent decision, after finding that under the holding of the Supreme Court of Idaho [Simpson v. Simpson, 51 Idaho 99 , 4 P.2d 345 ] the power to modify installments of alimony and child support is prospective *414 and not retroactive, held that the right to matured installments awarded by an Idaho court is protected by the full faith and credit clause, and that judgment should be rendered in the suit in this state on the original Idaho judgment for the amount of the matured and unpaid installments. 1965It is stated in Rumpf v. Rumpf, 150 Tex. 475 , 242 S.W.2d 416 , as follows: “This court in a recent decision, after finding that under the holding of the Supreme Court of Idaho [Simpson v. Simpson, 51 Idaho 99 , 4 P.2d 345 ] the power to modify installments of alimony and child support is prospective *414 and not retroactive, held that the right to matured installments awarded by an Idaho court is protected by the full faith and credit clause, and that judgment should be rendered in the suit in this state on the original Idaho judgment for the amount of the matured and unpaid installments. | 3 | 1952–1965 |
Thomas J. Gesswein v. Sharon L. Gesswein
green
2 sentences2023Id. 2023Id. | 2 | 2023–2023 |
Magnolia Petroleum Co. v. Hunt
green
2 sentences1958In Magnolia Petroleum Co. v. Hunt, 320 U.S. 430 , 64 S.Ct. 208 , 88 L.Ed. 149 , it was held that a Louisiana employee working in Texas temporarily who had been injured and recovered compensation in Texas, then sought recovery in Louisiana, the insurer defended on the ground that the award in Texas was final, was binding on Texas Courts and on Louisiana Courts under the full faith and credit clause. 1958In Magnolia Petroleum Co. v. Hunt, 320 U.S. 430 , 64 S.Ct. 208 , 88 L.Ed. 149 , it was held that a Louisiana employee working in Texas temporarily who had been injured and recovered compensation in Texas, then sought recovery in Louisiana, the insurer defended on the ground that the award in Texas was final, was binding on Texas Courts and on Louisiana Courts under the full faith and credit clause. | 2 | 1958–1989 |
Donald v. Jones
green
2 sentences1987Donald v. Jones, 445 F.2d 601, 606 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 992 , 92 S.Ct. 537 , 30 L.Ed.2d 543 (1971). 1983Donald v. Jones, 445 F.2d 601, 606 (5th Cir.) cert. denied, 404 U.S. 992 , 92 S.Ct. 537 , 30 L.Ed.2d 543 (1971). | 2 | 1983–1987 |
Erwin v. United States
green
2 sentences1987Donald v. Jones, 445 F.2d 601, 606 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 992 , 92 S.Ct. 537 , 30 L.Ed.2d 543 (1971). 1983Donald v. Jones, 445 F.2d 601, 606 (5th Cir.) cert. denied, 404 U.S. 992 , 92 S.Ct. 537 , 30 L.Ed.2d 543 (1971). | 2 | 1983–1987 |
Garman v. Reynolds
green
2 sentences1979Sistare v. Sistare, 218 U.S. 1 , 30 S.Ct. 682 , 54 L.Ed. 905 (1910); Garman v. Reynolds, 284 S.W.2d 262 (Tex.Civ.App.—Fort Worth 1955, writ ref’d); 47 Am.Jur.2d Judgments § 1218; 34 Tex.Jur.2d Judgments § 336. 1959Although the Nevada divorce decree is presumptively valid and entitled to full faith and credit, James v. James, 81 Tex. 373 , 16 S.W. 1087 ; Rumpf v. Rumpf, 150 Tex. 475 , 242 S.W.2d 416 ; Garman v. Reynolds, Tex.Civ.App., 284 S.W.2d 262 , writ, ref., the full faith and credit clause does not preclude an inquiry as to domicile by a Texas court on collateral attack. | 2 | 1959–1979 |
Burleson v. Burleson
green
2 sentences1976Williams v. State of North Carolina, 325 U.S. 226 , 65 S.Ct. 1092 , 89 L.Ed. 1577 (1945); Burleson v. Burleson, 419 S.W.2d 412 (Tex.Civ.App. 1976Williams v. State of North Carolina, 325 U.S. 226 , 65 S.Ct. 1092 , 89 L.Ed. 1577 (1945); Burleson v. Burleson, 419 S.W.2d 412 (Tex.Civ.App. | 2 | 1970–1976 |
Holland v. Jackson
green
2 sentences1973In Holland v. Jackson, 121 Tex. 1 , 37 S.W.2d 726 (1931) the court said: “The vital question presented for decision has reference to the power of the trial court, in view of the full faith and credit clause of the Federal Constitution (article 4, § 1) and of the act of Congress pursuant thereto (28 USCA § 687), to re-examine matters of fact whose adjudication is purported by the order of probate entered by the California court. 1973In Holland v. Jackson, 121 Tex. 1 , 37 S.W.2d 726 (1931) the court said: “The vital question presented for decision has reference to the power of the trial court, in view of the full faith and credit clause of the Federal Constitution (article 4, § 1) and of the act of Congress pursuant thereto (28 USCA § 687), to re-examine matters of fact whose adjudication is purported by the order of probate entered by the California court. | 2 | 1959–1973 |
Callicoatte v. Callicoatte
neutral
2 sentences1968Notwithstanding the Full Faith and Credit clause of the Constitution domicile in the foreign state may be inquired into. 21 Tex.Jur.2d, § 424, p. 51; Callicoatte v. Callicoatte, 324 S.W.2d 81 (Tex.Civ.App., Waco 1959, writ ref’d n. r. e.). 1967Williams v. State of North Carolina, 325 U.S. 226 ,- 65 S.Ct. 1092 , 89 L.Ed. 1577 , Callicoatte v. Callicoatte, Tex.Civ.App., 324 S.W.2d 81 , Ref. n. r. e. It is to be noted from the above recitation of the sequence of the proceedings in this litigation that at no time did appellee challenge the validity of the Nevada decree until he filed his answer to appellant’s cross action on January 3, 1967. | 2 | 1967–1968 |
| Barber v. Barber Ex Rel. Cronkhite green | 2 | 1917–1965 |
Guercia v. Guercia
green
2 sentences1965Our Supreme Court in Guercia v. Guercia, 150 Tex. 418 , 241 S.W.2d 297 , refrained from passing on whether that clause applies in cases under the Reciprocal Support Act. 1965Our Supreme Court in Guercia v. Guercia, 150 Tex. 418 , 241 S.W.2d 297 , refrained from passing on whether that clause applies in cases under the Reciprocal Support Act. | 2 | 1955–1965 |
| Clarke v. Clarke green | 2 | 1960–1961 |
| Evans v. Taylor green | 2 | 1939–1951 |
| West v. Solito green | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| Baker v. General Motors Corp. green | 1 | 2001–2001 |
| First Nat. Bank of Libby, Mont. v. Rector green | 1 | 2001–2001 |
| Huntington v. Attrill green | 1 | 1995–1995 |
| Riggs v. Coplon green | 1 | 1993–1993 |
| Bigelow v. Old Dominion Copper Mining & Smelting Co. green | 1 | 1992–1992 |
| Michigan v. Doran green | 1 | 1991–1991 |
| Broderick v. Rosner green | 1 | 1990–1990 |
| Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert red | 1 | 1990–1990 |
| Bradford Elec. Light Co. v. Clapper green | 1 | 1989–1989 |
| Nevada v. Hall red | 1 | 1987–1987 |
| Hungate v. Hungate green | 1 | 1981–1981 |
| A & S Distributing Co. v. Providence Pile Fabric Corp. green | 1 | 1981–1981 |
| O'Halloran v. O'Halloran green | 1 | 1980–1980 |
| Elmer v. Elmer green | 1 | 1980–1980 |
| Welsch v. Gerhardt neutral | 1 | 1980–1980 |
| Jackson v. Randall green | 1 | 1979–1979 |
| Zeisler Ex Rel. Zeisler v. Zeisler green | 1 | 1977–1977 |
| Roche v. McDonald green | 1 | 1976–1976 |
| Estin v. Estin green | 1 | 1976–1976 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.